I recently vacationed in Italy. As one does these days, I ran my itinerary past GPT-5 for sightseeing suggestions and restaurant recommendations. The bot reported that the top choice for dinner near our hotel in Rome was a short walk down Via Margutta. It turned out to be one of the best meals I can remember. When I got home, I asked the model how it chose that restaurant, which I hesitate to reveal here in case I want a table sometime in the future (Hell, who knows if I’ll even return: It is called Babette. Call ahead for reservations.) The answer was complex and impressive. Among the factors were rave reviews from locals, notices in food blogs and the Italian press, and the restaurant’s celebrated combination of Roman and contemporary cooking. Oh, and the short walk.

Something was required from my end as well: trust. I had to buy into the idea that GPT-5 was an honest broker, picking my restaurant without bias; that the restaurant wasn’t shown to me as sponsored content and wasn’t getting a cut of my check. I could have done deep research on my own to double-check the recommendation (I did look up the website), but the point of using AI is to bypass that friction.

The experience bolstered my confidence in AI results but also made me wonder: As companies like OpenAI get more powerful, and as they try to pay back their investors, will AI be prone to the erosion of value that seems endemic to the tech apps we use today?

Word Play

Writer and tech critic Cory Doctorow calls that erosion “enshittification.” His premise is that platforms like Google, Amazon, Facebook, and TikTok start out aiming to please users, but once the companies vanquish competitors, they intentionally become less useful to reap bigger profits. After WIRED republished Doctorow’s pioneering 2022 essay about the phenomenon, the term entered the vernacular, mainly because people recognized that it was totally on the mark. Enshittification was chosen as the American Dialect Society’s 2023 Word of the Year. The concept has been cited so often that it transcends its profanity, appearing in venues that normally would hold their noses at such a word. Doctorow just published an eponymous book on the subject; the cover image is the emoji for … guess what.

If chatbots and AI agents become enshittified, it could be worse than Google Search becoming less useful, Amazon results getting plagued with ads, and even Facebook showing less social content in favor of anger-generating clickbait.

AI is on a trajectory to be a constant companion, giving one-shot answers to many of our requests. People already rely on it to help interpret current events and get advice on all sorts of buying choices—and even life choices. Because of the massive costs of creating a full-blown AI model, it’s fair to assume that only a few companies will dominate the field. All of them plan to spend hundreds of billions of dollars over the next few years to improve their models and get them into the hands of as many people as possible. Right now, I’d say AI is in what Doctorow calls the “good to the users” stage. But the pressure to make back the massive capital investments will be tremendous—especially for companies whose user base is locked in. Those conditions, as Doctorow writes, allow companies to abuse their users and business customers “to claw back all the value for themselves.”

When one imagines the enshittification of AI, the first thing that comes to mind is advertising. The nightmare is that AI models will make recommendations based on which companies have paid for placement. That’s not happening now, but AI firms are actively exploring the ad space. In a recent interview, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said, “I believe there probably is some cool ad product we can do that is a net win to the user and a sort of positive to our relationship with the user.” Meanwhile, OpenAI just announced a deal with Walmart so the retailer’s customers can shop inside the ChatGPT app. Can’t imagine a conflict there! The AI search platform Perplexity has a program where sponsored results appear in clearly labeled follow-ups. But, it promises, “these ads will not change our commitment to maintaining a trusted service that provides you with direct, unbiased answers to your questions.”

Scientists in South Korea have unveiled a transparent, wearable sensor that monitors a user’s exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation in real-time. The technology could help prevent sunburn and long-term skin damage that can cause cancer.

Ultraviolet radiation is released naturally by the sun and artificially by tanning beds. The problem with overexposure is that the rays can penetrate deep into the skin and damage DNA, potentially causing cells to grow out of control and leading to cancer. In many countries, the majority of skin cancer cases are linked to this type of overexposure.

While wearing long clothes and hats and applying sunscreen provides valuable protection, the researchers wanted a simple device to alert wearers when exposure reached a certain level. Current sensors often lack the ability to track UVA and are opaque, which makes them uncomfortable and difficult to use in wearable tech like smart glasses.

In their study, published in the journal Science Advances, the researchers describe how they built their sensor layer by layer, starting with a piece of glass. On top of this transparent base, they stacked layers of oxide semiconductors that were also see-through and only reacted to UVA light. For the electrical connections, the team used a transparent indium tin oxide film, ensuring the finished device was nearly invisible and could be easily incorporated into wearables.

To make the sensor a functional monitor, the researchers hooked it up to a small circuit board. This had an amplifier to boost faint UVA signals and a Bluetooth chip to send exposure data straight to a user’s phone.

Successful prototype

The research team tested their prototype extensively in natural sunlight on sunny and cloudy days, and the readings reliably matched professional UV monitoring equipment. Data was wirelessly sent to a user’s phone, where it calculated their accumulated UVA dose and sent a real-time warning when exposure reached 80% of the required amount to cause sunburn.

“This health care device, integrated with a smartphone, demonstrates its potential as a practical approach to prevent risks associated with prolonged UV exposure,” wrote the researchers in their paper.

The device is not yet consumer-ready. Although it has successfully passed laboratory and initial outdoor tests, the team notes that further work is needed before it becomes publicly available. This includes long-term field testing and user studies to confirm the device can survive daily use. The researchers also want to make the entire system smaller so it can be comfortably integrated into wearables such as glasses, smartwatches, and skin patches.

© 2025 Science X Network

Compare Top 7 Tote Bags

Honorable Mentions

Peak Design Everyday Tote for $160: The first time I subbed in this tote for my usual bag, at a youth basketball tournament, I disappointed about a dozen parents who had clocked it as a cooler. “I thought you had brought drinks,” a friend said, dejected. And to their credit, this bag does indeed look a lot like a cooler with its fold-down top and smooth 400D nylon canvas shell. Designed for camera gear (but handy for any kind of gear), it’s got removable divider cubbies that are the perfect size for lenses and accessories, as well as external lashing for tripods. The main opening flips up to open with a magnetic closure, and there are front and back pockets and a section for a laptop. A detachable cross-body strap is included if you don’t want to carry it by the handles. I appreciate its versatility; unisex, water-resistant, and a great matching companion to Peak Design’s Roller Pro carry-on. The only issues I had with it during my testing period were the fact that it doesn’t open super-wide—it’s a tight fit, and I didn’t find it easy to take things in and out—and that the straps aren’t very comfortable to wear as a shoulder bag. —Kat Merck

Cuyana Classic Easy Zipper Tote for $298: This lightweight Italian leather bag is a fashionable and practical choice for commuting if you don’t need a lot of space or compartments. It’s large enough to hold a 16-inch laptop along with some other essentials. Just like the System Tote, you can personalize it with snap-on accessories, such as a tote insert or an adjustable strap that attaches to its D-rings. Plus, it features a discreet zip-top that keeps your items secure, which is great for preventing theft or stuff from falling out. With this work bag, I’m mostly concerned with protecting my electronics inside because of the lack of structure.

Nordstrom Le Pliage for $165: I spent most of my high school and college dodging the Longchamp Le Pliage hype. But when my mom handed down her well-loved Le Pliage tote, I finally got it. This tote is the equivalent of a classic white tee: timeless, versatile, and built to last. This bag is roomy enough to fit all the essentials—laptop, notebook, snack stash—without feeling bulky. Also, it’s inspired by origami, so it folds down small when you need to pack it as a travel bag.

Tory Burch Perry Tote for $395: The Perry Tote is another one of those designer bags that transcends trends and functions as a fashionable work tote. Much like Leatherology’s Alex Laptop Bag Set, I wouldn’t use it as a lunch bag, but it’s definitely the type that radiates quiet authority—and one you’ll want to sport when you want to make an impression. Made from Italian pebbled leather, it wears incredibly well over time. The removable logo charm adds a touch of luxury, but I can take it off whenever I want a more understated look. It features a zippered laptop compartment in the center, plus three slip pockets to keep your possessions in order.

Courtesy of Cozy Earth

Cozy Earth Waxed Canvas Tote for $68: If you’re into minimalistic, functional fashion with a hint of “quiet luxury,” this 12-ounce waxed canvas tote delivers just that. Aesthetically, think Yeezy brand circa 2017 (minus the antisemitism). I love mine in washed navy, but the earthy tones—cedar brown, palm green, and taupe—are just as fashionable. It’s durable enough to endure a farmer’s market spree, an overnight trip, or double as a beach bag. The design is simple but still thoughtful: exterior pockets for quick grabs (keys, phone, an emergency snack) and two interior ones (including a zippered compartment) for keeping your valuables sorted.

Ölend Ona Soft Bag for $115: The Ölend Ona Soft Bag is puffy, vibrant, and offered in a rainbow of colors. Made from water-resistant nylon, it’s a clever twist on the standard tote, designed to stretch its usefulness with every new outfit or occasion. You can wear it four different ways: as a tote, handbag, crossbody, shoulder bag, or even a backpack. The Soft Bag also includes adjustable side straps. While it fits laptops up to 16 inches, I wouldn’t risk stashing my laptop here because there’s no dedicated sleeve. But the external zipper pocket is a playful touch for stashing small essentials.

Dagne Dover Petra Convertible Tote for $300: The Petra is made from recycled polyester and plastic bottles. It’s durable and huge—it fits a 16-inch laptop and is almost 17 inches tall. It’s probably too big for an everyday bag, but it’s a solid weekender. The hardware is heavy-duty metal, and the laptop compartment is padded. For parents, this is also a decent diaper bag.

Courtesy of Fjallraven

Fjallraven Kånken Totepack for $100: We love the Kånken backpack. Its Totepack is essentially the same bag but can convert from a tote to a backpack. The downside is its size, with only a 13-inch laptop pocket and two side pockets for water bottles or a small umbrella—but they’re tight, so don’t expect to fit a 1L Nalgene in there.