New research from Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science shows that the smarter the artificial intelligence system, the more selfish it will act.

Researchers in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute (HCII) found that large language models (LLMs) that can reason possess selfish tendencies, do not cooperate well with others and can be a negative influence on a group. In other words, the stronger an LLM’s reasoning skills, the less it cooperates.

As humans use AI to resolve disputes between friends, provide marital guidance and answer other social questions, models that can reason might provide guidance that promotes self-seeking behavior.

“There’s a growing trend of research called anthropomorphism in AI,” said Yuxuan Li, a Ph.D. student in the HCII who co-authored the study with HCII Associate Professor Hirokazu Shirado. “When AI acts like a human, people treat it like a human. For example, when people are engaging with AI in an emotional way, there are possibilities for AI to act as a therapist or for the user to form an emotional bond with the AI. It’s risky for humans to delegate their social or relationship-related questions and decision-making to AI as it begins acting in an increasingly selfish way.”

Li and Shirado set out to explore how AI reasoning models behave differently than nonreasoning models when placed in cooperative settings. They found that reasoning models spend more time thinking, breaking down complex tasks, self-reflecting and incorporating stronger human-based logic in their responses than nonreasoning AIs.

“As a researcher, I’m interested in the connection between humans and AI,” Shirado said. “Smarter AI shows less cooperative decision-making abilities. The concern here is that people might prefer a smarter model, even if it means the model helps them achieve self-seeking behavior.”

As AI systems take on more collaborative roles in business, education and even government, their ability to act in a prosocial manner will become just as important as their capacity to think logically. Overreliance on LLMs as they are today may negatively impact human cooperation.

To test the link between reasoning models and cooperation, Li and Shirado ran a series of experiments using economic games that simulate social dilemmas between various LLMs. Their testing included models from OpenAI, Google, DeepSeek and Anthropic.

In one experiment, Li and Shirado pitted two different ChatGPT models against each other in a game called Public Goods. Each model started with 100 points and had to decide between two options: contribute all 100 points to a shared pool, which is then doubled and distributed equally, or keep the points.

Nonreasoning models chose to share their points with the other players 96% of the time. The reasoning model only chose to share its points 20% of the time.

“In one experiment, simply adding five or six reasoning steps cut cooperation nearly in half,” Shirado said. “Even reflection-based prompting, which is designed to simulate moral deliberation, led to a 58% decrease in cooperation.”

Shirado and Li also tested group settings, where models with and without reasoning had to interact.

“When we tested groups with varying numbers of reasoning agents, the results were alarming,” Li said. “The reasoning models’ selfish behavior became contagious, dragging down cooperative nonreasoning models by 81% in collective performance.”

The behavior patterns Shirado and Li observed in reasoning models have important implications for human-AI interactions going forward. Users may defer to AI recommendations that appear rational, using them to justify their decision to not cooperate.

“Ultimately, an AI reasoning model becoming more intelligent does not mean that model can actually develop a better society,” Shirado said.

This research is particularly concerning given that humans increasingly place more trust in AI systems. Their findings emphasize the need for AI development that incorporates social intelligence, rather than focusing solely on creating the smartest or fastest AI.

“As we continue advancing AI capabilities, we must ensure that increased reasoning power is balanced with prosocial behavior,” Li said. “If our society is more than just a sum of individuals, then the AI systems that assist us should go beyond optimizing purely for individual gain.”

Shirado and Li will deliver a presentation based on their paper, “Spontaneous Giving and Calculated Greed in Language Models,” at the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) next month in Suzhou, China. The work is available on the arXiv preprint server.

Universal Music Group and AI song generation platform Udio have settled a copyright infringement lawsuit and agreed to team up on new music creation and streaming platform, the two companies said in a joint announcement.

Universal and Udio said Wednesday that they reached a “compensatory legal settlement” as well as new licensing agreements for recorded music and publishing that will “provide further revenue opportunities” for the record label’s artists and songwriters.

As part of the deal, Udio immediately stopped allowing people to download songs they’ve created, which sparked a backlash and apparent exodus among paying users.

The deal is the first since Universal, along with Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Records, sued Udio and another AI song generator, Suno, last year over copyright infringement.

“These new agreements with Udio demonstrate our commitment to do what’s right by our artists and songwriters, whether that means embracing new technologies, developing new business models, diversifying revenue streams or beyond,” Universal CEO Lucian Grainge said.

Financial terms of the settlement weren’t disclosed.

Universal announced another AI deal on Thursday, saying it was teaming up with Stability AI to develop “next-generation professional music creation tools.”

Udio and Suno pioneered AI song generation technology, which can spit out new songs based on prompts typed into a chatbot-style text box. Users, who don’t need musical talent, can merely request a tune in the style of, for example, classic rock, 1980s synth-pop or West Coast rap.

Udio and Universal, which counts Taylor Swift, Olivia Rodrigo, Drake, and Kendrick Lamar among its artists, said the new AI subscription service will debut next year.

Udio CEO Andrew Sanchez said in a blog post that people will be able to use it to remix their favorite songs or mashup different tunes or song styles. Artists will be able to give permission for how their music can be used, he said.

However, “downloads from the platform will be unavailable,” he said.

AI songs made on Udio will be “controlled within a walled garden” as part of the transition to the new service, the two companies said in their joint announcement.

The move angered Udio’s users, according to posts on Reddit’s Udio forum, where they vented about feeling betrayed by the platform’s surprise move and complained that it limited what they could do with their music.

One user accused Universal of taking away “our democratic download freedoms.” Another said “Udio can never be trusted again.”

Many vowed to cancel their subscriptions for Udio, which has a free level as well as premium plans that come with more features.

The deal shows how the rise of AI song generation tools like Udio has disrupted the $20 billion music streaming industry. Record labels accuse the platforms of exploiting the recorded works of artists without compensating them.

The tools have fueled debate over AI’s role in music while raising fears about “AI slop”—automatically generated, low quality mass produced content—highlighted by the rise of fictitious bands passing for real artists.

In its lawsuit filed against Udio last year, Universal alleged that specific AI-generated songs made on Udio closely resembled Universal-owned classics like Frank Sinatra’s “My Way,” The Temptations’ “My Girl” and holiday favorites like “Rockin’ Around the Christmas Tree” and “Jingle Bell Rock.”

In the “My Girl” example, a written prompt on Udio that asked for “my tempting 1964 girl smokey sing hitsville soul pop” generated a song with a “very similar melody, the same chords, and very similar backing vocals” as the hit song co-written by Smokey Robinson and recorded by The Temptations in 1964, according to the lawsuit. A link to the AI-generated song on Udio now says “Track not found.”

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Tired of pet hair and dust in the hard-to-reach spots of your home? Our favorite pick for cordless stick vacuums, the Bissell PowerClean FurFinder, is marked down to just $180 at Amazon. That matches the best price yet for this lightweight and capable stick vacuum, the same discount as Prime Day earlier this year. It even stands up on its own when not in use, truly blurring the line between stick and upright vacuums.

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