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Aadhaar vs Passport: 10 Key Differences All Citizens Must Know

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Aadhaar vs Passport: 10 Key Differences All Citizens Must Know


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While Aadhaar serves as a proof of residence and identity, a passport validates citizenship.

Aadhaar is mandatory to receive benefits on various government schemes.  (Photo Credit: Instaghram)

Aadhaar is mandatory to receive benefits on various government schemes. (Photo Credit: Instaghram)

The two most important identity proof documents in India are Aadhaar and the passport. While both are used to establish your identity, there are specific differences in their usage, purpose and legal validity.

The passport is a document of citizenship and confirms that you are an Indian citizen, also entitling you to travel abroad. On the other hand, Aadhaar is a 12-digit ID that serves as proof of identity and residence of a person.

A passport must be signed by a Regional Passport Officer on behalf of the President of India. All sovereign and fiduciary powers remain with the Ministry of External Affairs even when Passport Seva Kendras are operated by private entities.

Although many people often confuse the two crucial documents, knowing their differences will allow you to use them correctly.

  1. Purpose and Legal basis

Aadhaar: Issued as per the framework under the Aadhaar Act, 2016, to identify residents and support government services, financial access, subsidies and e-KYC.

Passport: Designed under Passports Act, 1967, to certify citizenship and serve as an official international travel document.

  1. Eligibility

Aadhaar: Any “resident” who has spent at least 182 days in India during the preceding 12 months; citizenship is not necessary.

Passport: Only Indian nationals are eligible for passports; applications from non-citizens would be denied.

  1. Issuing Authority

Aadhaar: UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India) via a dispersed enrolling agency network.

Passport: Issued by the Ministry of External Affairs via Passport Seva Kendras.

  1. Nature of right

Aadhaar: Provided to qualified residents as a matter of right.

Passport: A document of sovereign citizenship.

  1. Foreigners’ treatment

Aadhaar: Foreigners who fulfil the residence requirements can get an Aadhaar.

Passport: Only issued to non-citizens in rare cases where the government deems it to be in the public interest.

  1. Police verification

Aadhaar: Not required.

Passport: Mandatory under Passport Rules, 1980.

  1. Sovereign control

Aadhaar: Under the statutory framework, enrolment is managed by licenced entities.

Passport: MEA alone is responsible for its issuance, verification and granting.

  1. Authority signature

Aadhaar: Issuing authority’s signature is not required.

Passport: Signed by a Regional Passport Officer, representing the President of India.

  1. Form download

Aadhaar: e-Aadhaar is available for download.

Passport: You must have a physical passport booklet.

  1. Validity as a proof

Aadhaar: Clearly states that it is identification evidence, not proof of citizenship, residence, location, or birthdate.

Passport: No disclaimer; certifies nationality

An Aadhaar card is valid for a lifetime. It becomes invalid unless updated. A passport, on the other hand, comes with an expiry date after a fixed tenure, generally 10 years in the case of an adult.

Indian citizens consider Aadhaar as an essential identification proof. Despite its importance, it cannot be used for travel and does not prove citizenship. On the other hand, a passport is recognised worldwide as a travel document and proof of citizenship for all Indian nationals.

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Rooftops could turn into landing pads as India eyes air taxis to beat traffic

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Rooftops could turn into landing pads as India eyes air taxis to beat traffic


New Delhi: A new report by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) suggests that setting up a pilot air corridor connecting Gurugram, Connaught Place, and Jewar International Airport could help India reduce travel time from hours to minutes. The model is seen as a high-impact solution to urban traffic congestion and could be scaled up across the country.

The report, titled Navigating the Future of Advanced Air Mobility in India, was launched by Civil Aviation Minister Rammohan Naidu Kinjarapu. He said India’s aviation sector is moving toward a “high-tech, multi-dimensional mobility ecosystem.”

One of the key highlights of the report is the use of rooftops as landing and parking sites for electric air taxis, known as eVTOLs. This approach could turn existing buildings into revenue-generating assets. As acquiring land for ground-based landing pads is costly, rooftops offer a faster and more affordable way to launch such services in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bengaluru.

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“The integration of Advanced Air Mobility reflects our commitment to innovation, sustainability, and world-class urban connectivity,” said Union Minister Kinjarapu. He added that the report provides a “timely and practical blueprint to realise a faster, cleaner, and more connected India.”

However, the report notes that current regulations do not permit regular commercial rooftop operations. To address this, it recommends forming a dedicated team within the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to develop safety and operational standards for these emerging technologies.

Amit Dutta, Chairman of the CII Task Force on Advanced Air Mobility, said the study helps turn the concept into reality. “By analysing a hypothetical Delhi-NCR corridor through structured modelling and regulatory scenario testing, this study moves from concept to operational assessment,” he said, adding that it addresses key regulatory, infrastructure, and airspace challenges linked to early AAM pilots.

The report also recommends initially using drones to transport cargo and medical supplies over distances of 50–100 km. It suggests regions such as GIFT City and Andhra Pradesh as testing zones, where relaxed regulations could support faster adoption. To enable this growth, CII has urged banks and government agencies to create dedicated funding mechanisms for air mobility infrastructure. 



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Gold, iPhone, Laptop From Dubai: How Much Can You Bring To India Without Paying Customs Duty?

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Gold, iPhone, Laptop From Dubai: How Much Can You Bring To India Without Paying Customs Duty?


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India’s Baggage Rules 2026 raise duty-free limits to Rs 75,000, introduce weight-based jewellery allowances, allow one laptop duty-free, and simplify customs for arrivals.

Items that exceed the Rs 75,000 limit will attract customs duty (typically around 10% + social welfare surcharge on the duty), which is significantly lower than earlier effective rates.

Items that exceed the Rs 75,000 limit will attract customs duty (typically around 10% + social welfare surcharge on the duty), which is significantly lower than earlier effective rates.

India has updated its customs and baggage rules affecting what international passengers, including people arriving from the UAE, can bring into the country without paying duty. These changes are part of the Baggage Rules, 2026, and the Customs Baggage (Declaration & Processing) Regulations, 2026, which came into effect from February 2, 2026, following announcements in the Union Budget 2026.

Here’s a detailed breakdown of what’s changed and what it means:

1. Higher Duty-Free Allowance for Personal Items

Passengers arriving by air or sea can now bring goods worth up to Rs 75,000 duty-free, higher than the Rs 50,000 limit earlier.

This limit applies to Indian residents, people of Indian origin (PIO/OCI), NRIs, and foreign nationals with valid visas. It covers personal effects and items carried in bona fide accompanied baggage — personal use items, not for commercial sale.

Foreign tourists have a separate duty-free cap of Rs 25,000 (up from Rs 15,000 earlier).

For crew members, the limit is Rs 2,500.

2. Simplified Jewellery Rules

The old value-based limits on jewellery imports have been replaced with weight-based allowances for returning residents/PIOs:

• Women: up to 40 grams of jewellery duty-free

• Men/Others: up to 20 grams duty-free

This applies to passengers who have stayed abroad for at least a year and are bringing jewellery in bona fide baggage.

Earlier, jewellery allowances were defined by value rather than weight, which often caused confusion and disputes at customs.

3. Laptop and Electronics Allowances

• One laptop can be brought in duty-free, separate from the Rs 75,000 general limit, for travellers aged over 18 years (excluding airline crew).

• Other electronics (smartphones, watches, cameras, etc.) are counted within the Rs 75,000 allowance.

This dual-bucket system (laptop + Rs 75,000 limit) is particularly beneficial for travellers bringing gadgets from the UAE, where prices are often lower.

4. Simplified Customs Process

The new regulations also introduce:

• Advance and electronic baggage declaration to streamline arrival processing.

• Unified digital declaration linked to immigration systems, reducing paperwork.

• Clearer rules around temporary imports / re-imports and Transfer of Residence (ToR) benefits for long-term expatriates.

5. What Still Requires Duty or Has Restrictions

Even under the new rules, certain items remain outside duty-free allowances and must be declared:

• Alcohol beyond allowed limits

• Tobacco products above the limits

• Cars, TVs, and other large goods

• Gold bars/coins or precious metals in non-jewellery form

• Commercial quantities of any item

Items that exceed the Rs 75,000 limit will attract customs duty (typically around 10% + social welfare surcharge on the duty), which is significantly lower than earlier effective rates.

Example (From UAE To India)

If an NRI returning from Dubai brings:

• One laptop: duty-free separate allowance

• A phone (Rs 50,000), watch (Rs 15,000) & clothes: these total Rs 65,000 — all duty-free within the Rs 75,000 limit

• Gold jewellery (30 g): duty-free under the new weight limits

The above would be cleared without duty. Only items or values above these thresholds may attract charges. However, for updated and item-specific rules, check customs rules from official government website.

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PM Kisan 22nd instalment update: Is farmer ID mandatory to receive Rs 2,000 payment?

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PM Kisan 22nd instalment update: Is farmer ID mandatory to receive Rs 2,000 payment?



New Delhi: Farmers across India are waiting for the 22nd instalment of the PM Kisan Samman Nidhi scheme, under which eligible beneficiaries receive Rs 2,000 directly in their bank accounts. While the government has not officially announced the release date, the next payment is expected between February and March 2026, based on the scheme’s usual schedule.

The PM Kisan scheme provides Rs 6,000 per year in three equal instalments to landholding farmer families through direct benefit transfer.

Farmer ID Requirement

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A key update this year is the growing importance of the Farmer ID, which is being introduced as part of the government’s farmer-registry initiative. The ID is mandatory for new registrations in several states where the registry system has already started, though it may not yet be required everywhere in the country.

Authorities say the Farmer ID will help verify beneficiaries, prevent duplication, and ensure that financial assistance reaches genuine farmers.

e-KYC Still Essential

Along with the Farmer ID, e-KYC remains compulsory for all registered PM Kisan beneficiaries. Farmers who fail to complete e-KYC or update their records may face delays in receiving the next instalment.

The government has also introduced new methods such as OTP-based and facial-authentication e-KYC to make the process easier for farmers.

What Farmers Should Do

To avoid missing the next instalment, farmers should:

Complete e-KYC verification

Ensure Aadhaar is linked to their bank account

Update land and registration details

Obtain a Farmer ID if required in their state

 



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