Business
India’s Capital Market Reforms: Sebi Eases IPO Norms, Tags REITs As Equity, Slashes MF Exit Load
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Sebi announces a slew of reforms across capital markets, easing IPO norms for large firms, simplifying foreign investor access, and tightening governance in market institutions.
Sebi Board Meeting Outcome.
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) on Thursday announced a slew of measures for capital markets, including easing IPO norms for large companies, simplifying foreign investor access, and tightening governance in market institutions. The decisions were taken at the regulator;s board meeting on September 12.
IPO Norms Relaxed For Large Companies
In a major relief for companies eyeing large public floats, Sebi has eased the minimum public shareholding (MPS) requirements for firms with a market capitalisation of Rs 50,000 crore and above.
Companies valued between Rs 50,000 crore and Rs 1 lakh crore can now list with 8% public float, down from 10%. They will also get five years to raise their MPS to 25%, compared with three years earlier.
Those with over Rs 1 lakh crore market cap will be required to list only 2.75%, down from 5%.
For companies exceeding Rs 5 lakh crore market cap, the IPO float requirement has been cut to 2.5%.
These firms will now get 10 years instead of five to meet the 25% MPS norm.
The changes are expected to smoothen the listing path for giants such as Reliance Jio Infocomm and the National Stock Exchange (NSE), which have been awaiting clarity on IPO requirements.
Anchor Investor Framework Strengthened
The markets regulator also revamped the anchor investor framework to deepen institutional participation in IPOs.
The anchor portion has been raised from 33% to 40% of the institutional quota.
While one-third of the anchor book remains reserved for mutual funds, fresh space has been created for insurers and pension funds.
The number of anchor investors permitted per ₹250 crore of issue size has been raised from 10 to 15.
“This is aligned with global best practices and will broaden the quality of long-term institutional investors,” SEBI chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch said after the meeting.
SWAGAT-FI: A New Window For Trusted Foreign Investors
In a move aimed at attracting long-term, stable foreign capital, Sebi launched the Single Window Automatic and Generalised Access for Trusted Foreign Investors (SWAGAT-FI) framework. The new system simplifies registration for low-risk investors such as sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and central banks, allowing them:
Unified registration as both Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) and Foreign Venture Capital Investors (FVCIs).
A single demat account to invest across routes.
Longer registration validity of 10 years, up from 3-5 years currently.
According to Sebi, these “trusted” investors represent nearly 70% of FPI assets under custody, and the simplified regime will significantly enhance India’s attractiveness as an investment destination.
REITs, InvITs Get Boost
To deepen participation in infrastructure and real estate investment vehicles, SEBI has broadened the definition of strategic investors in REITs and InvITs to include qualified institutional buyers, FPIs, pension funds, provident funds and insurers.
Further, REITs will now be classified as equity instruments, making them eligible for inclusion in equity indices, while InvITs will remain under the hybrid category. The move is expected to boost liquidity and mainstream REIT investments.
Mutual Fund Incentives, Exit Load Cut
Sebi has introduced new measures to encourage financial inclusion through mutual funds.
Exit load cap reduced from 5% to 3%, aligning with industry practice.
Distributors will be incentivised for:
- Onboarding new women investors.
- Bringing in investors from B-30 cities (beyond the top 30), with incentives capped at Rs 2,000 per investor.
Stronger Governance for MIIs
To strengthen governance in stock exchanges, clearing corporations and depositories — collectively termed Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs) — SEBI has mandated the appointment of two Executive Directors (EDs) as key managerial personnel.
One ED will oversee critical operations while the other will be responsible for compliance, risk management and investor grievances.
Stricter Norms for Related Party Transactions
For listed companies, Sebi has introduced a new turnover-linked materiality threshold for related party transactions (RPTs), with an absolute ceiling of Rs 5,000 crore. The move is aimed at protecting minority shareholders while offering operational flexibility to large firms.
AIF Framework Liberalised
Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) also received regulatory flexibility.
Introduction of AI-only schemes (for accredited investors) with lighter compliance requirements.
Large Value Fund (LVF) threshold lowered from Rs 70 crore to Rs 25 crore, making it easier for investors to qualify.
Other Decisions
Registrars to an Issue (RTAs) will now come under activity-based regulation.
Investment advisers and research analysts will find it easier to qualify, with graduates from any stream eligible, subject to NISM certification.
Sebi plans to expand its local offices to more cities for better investor outreach.
The consultation on introducing a Closing Auction Session (CAS) in equity markets has been extended till September 19.

Haris is Deputy News Editor (Business) at news18.com. He writes on various issues related to personal finance, markets, economy and companies. Having over a decade of experience in financial journalism, Haris h…Read More
Haris is Deputy News Editor (Business) at news18.com. He writes on various issues related to personal finance, markets, economy and companies. Having over a decade of experience in financial journalism, Haris h… Read More
September 13, 2025, 08:42 IST
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Business
Amid plans to induct Noel’s son, Tata trust cancels meet – The Times of India
MUMBAI: The Sir Ratan Tata Trust (SRTT) cancelled its Saturday board meeting, which was expected to consider the induction of chairman Noel Tata’s son, Neville Tata, as a trustee. In contrast, board meetings of Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT) and Tata Education and Development Trust (TEDT) proceeded as scheduled.The cancellation suggests that Neville’s appointment may have been pushed back to give trustees more time for discussions – since appointing a trustee requires unanimous approval. No new date for the SRTT meeting has been notified. An email query to Tata Trusts on the cancellation of the board meeting received no response. Sir Ratan Tata Trust (SRTT), Sir Dorabji Tata Trust (SDTT), and Tata Education and Development Trust (TEDT) have several trustees in common. Except for Jehangir HC Jehangir and Jimmy Tata, the other SRTT trustees — Noel, Venu Srinivasan, Vijay Singh and Darius Khambata — also serve on SDTT’s board and participated in its meeting on Saturday, people familiar with the matter said. Jimmy, Noel’s older half-brother, usually does not attend SRTT meetings.Saturday’s development comes amid unresolved issues from the last round of inductions in Nov 2025 when the inductions of Neville and former Titan MD Bhaskar Bhat were approved by SDTT but failed to secure approval at SRTT. SDTT, together with SRTT, controls India’s largest conglomerate, the Tata Group.At the Nov 11, 2025 SDTT meeting, Khambata proposed Neville’s appointment, while Noel proposed Bhat, as TOI reported in its Nov 12 edition. Neither name was on the formal board agenda. All trustees of SDTT approved the appointments (Srinivasan did not attend the meeting as his term had expired). Later, at SRTT’s meeting on the same day, both proposals were put off for consideration at a later date.Srinivasan, who participated in the SRTT meeting, reportedly expressed reservations, stating that these proposals were not on the agenda and that such matters should not be raised under “any other items for discussion.” While items not listed on the agenda can be introduced with the chairman’s permission, Srinivasan suggested they be considered at the next board meeting, according to a person familiar with the discussion.This time, Neville’s appointment was formally listed on the SRTT agenda but the meeting was cancelled. Bhat’s name did not appear on Saturday’s agenda. Neville participated at the SDTT meeting on Saturday, marking his first formal role at the flagship foundation.
Business
Number of SMEs in Scotland down since 2020, figures from Lib Dems show
New figures from the Scottish Liberal Democrats show that small businesses have declined in Scotland since 2020.
The party’s economy spokesman, Jamie Greene MSP, has called on the SNP Government to urgently boost support for small businesses as he revealed significant drops in the number of small or medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across Scotland.
Mr Greene asked the Scottish Government to provide the number of SMEs in every Scottish parliamentary constituency in each year since 2015.
The data showed that since 2020, the number of SMEs in Scotland has fallen from 177,020 to 171,660 – a decline of 5,360.
Over the past decade, 24 parliamentary constituencies have seen a fall in the number of SMEs, with notable declines in more rural parts of the country, according to the Scottish Liberal Democrats.
This includes a 13.8% fall in SMEs in constituencies across Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire since 2015, and an 8% fall in Caithness, Sutherland and Ross.
The Scottish Liberal Democrats have secured tens of millions in support for business in this year’s draft Scottish budget, including a new £2.5 million package backing young entrepreneurs and an initial £36 million for business rates relief.
Mr Greene said: “These figures show concerning drops in the number of small and medium-sized businesses across Scotland.
“I’ve spoken to lots of skilled and entrepreneurial people who feel there are too many barriers to starting their own business, from the SNP’s economic incompetence to the crushing burden of red tape.
“I am pleased that Scottish Liberal Democrats secured some support for businesses in the draft budget, but we think the Scottish Government can go further.
“That’s why, in the coming weeks, we will be squeezing the Scottish budget for every penny to deliver for businesses.”
Deputy First Minister Kate Forbes said: “Entrepreneurs and start-up companies are the backbone of our economy and the Scottish Government has been working systematically to develop the pipeline of support required to help them develop, grow and prosper.
“The facts show that we are making clear progress in establishing the right conditions to help business founders succeed.
“There was a 17.9% increase in Scottish start-up businesses in the first half of 2025, while investment deals in Scotland grew by 24% in the first half of 2025 compared to the second half of 2024.
“The Scottish Budget 2026-27 continues to support business, investment and a skilled workforce to accelerate economic growth, including record funding for our entrepreneurs and start-ups as we act to harness Scotland’s strengths and opportunities to drive long-term prosperity.”
Business
Disney dominated the 2025 box office. Here’s how it could keep the crown in 2026
Courtesy of Disney Enterprises Inc.
Blue aliens, a family of superheroes and a city of talking animals boosted the Walt Disney Company to the top of the domestic box office in 2025.
Full-year ticket sales in the United States and Canada rose about 4% from 2024 to $9.05 billion. Disney accounted for the highest share of that haul with $2.49 billion in ticket sales, or 27.5%, according to data from Comscore.
It’s closest competitors were Warner Bros. Discovery, which tallied $1.9 billion domestically, or 21%, and Universal, which took in $1.7 billion, or 19.7%. Together, these three studios accounted for nearly 70% of the domestic box office market share.
No other studio surpassed $1 billion in domestic ticket sales or accounted for more than 7% of the total box office haul.
“[Warner Bros., Disney and Universal] have the advantage of having at least two or more distinct and successful sub-brands labels — such as Marvel under Disney, New Line under WB and Illumination under Universal — under their corporate umbrella that enables these studios to dominate at least in terms of the overall box office and percentage of the marketplace that they control,” said Paul Dergarabedian, head of marketplace trends at Comscore.
Disney’s standout performance came on the backs of already popular intellectual property. Four of its films were part of the top 10 highest-grossing domestic releases of the year, including the live-action remake of “Lilo & Stitch,” a sequel to 2016’s “Zootopia,” another entrant in the Marvel Cinematic Universe with “Fantastic Four: First Steps” and a third “Avatar” film.
“Most years at the box office are dominated by known IP and non-original content; films that have the baked in brand name recognition that theoretically gives those films a leg up in terms of marketing and potential box office success,” Dergarabedian said.
In fact, nine of the 10 biggest movies at the domestic box offices were from existing IP. Warner Bros.’ “Sinners” was the only original title to make the list.
“In 2025 there were some big budget originals that did incredibly well … but lest anyone think that trend is going away, 2026 looks to eclipse 2025 in terms of the number of high-profile sequels and known IP on the slate for the year,” Dergarabedian said.
That’s especially true for Disney.
The studio is set to release its first Star Wars film in theaters since 2019 called “The Mandalorian and Grogu” after the popular characters of its “The Mandalorian” series on Disney+; “Toy Story 5” is will hit theaters in June followed by a live-action “Moana” in July; then the hotly anticipated “Avengers: Doomsday” arrives in December.
A new Spider-Man film will also sling into theaters in 2026, but as part of a deal with Sony to have the character as part of Disney’s MCU, Sony keeps the majority of box office profits while Disney gets merchandise sales.
The box office will also get a boost from Warner Bros.’ “Supergirl” and “Dune: Part Three,” Universal’s “Minions 3,” “The Super Mario Galaxy Movie” and “The Odyssey,” Lionsgate’s “Hunger Games: Sunrise on the Reaping” and Sony’s third “Jumanji” film.
“As we look into 2026, there’s plenty of optimism to go around,” said Shawn Robbins, director of analytics at Fandango and founder of Box Office Theory “The slate is packed with top-tier franchises, some fan-driven and others family-oriented, alongside filmmaker-driven tentpoles … plus an inevitable crop of strong or potentially surprising performers out of horror, comedy, indie, and other genres.”
Disclosure: Versant is the parent company of CNBC and Fandango.
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