Business
Japan is facing a dementia crisis – can technology help?
Suranjana TewariAsia Business Correspondent, Tokyo
BBCLast year, more than 18,000 older people living with dementia left their homes and went missing in Japan. Almost 500 were later found dead.
Police say such cases have doubled since 2012.
Elderly people aged 65 and over now make up nearly 30% of Japan’s population – the second-highest proportion in the world after Monaco, according to the World Bank.
The crisis is further compounded by a shrinking workforce and tight limits on foreign workers coming in to provide care.
Japan’s government has identified dementia as one of its most urgent policy challenges, with the Health Ministry estimating that dementia-related health and social care costs will reach 14 trillion yen ($90bn; £67bn) by 2030 – up from nine trillion yen in 2025.
In its most recent strategy, the government has signalled a stronger pivot toward technology to ease the pressure.
Across the country, people are adopting GPS-based systems to keep track of those who go missing.
Some regions offer wearable GPS tags that can alert authorities the moment a person leaves a designated area.
In some towns, convenience-store workers receive real-time notifications – a kind of community safety net that can locate a missing person within hours.
Robot caregivers and AI
Other technologies aim to detect dementia earlier.
Fujitsu’s aiGait uses AI to analyse posture and walking patterns, picking up early signs of dementia – shuffling while walking, slower turns or difficulty standing – generating skeletal outlines clinicians can review during routine check-ups.
“Early detection of age-related diseases is key,” says Hidenori Fujiwara, a Fujitsu spokesperson. “If doctors can use motion-capture data, they can intervene earlier and help people remain active for longer.”
Meanwhile, researchers at Waseda University are developing AIREC, a 150kg humanoid robot designed to be a “future” caregiver.
It can help a person put on socks, scramble eggs and fold laundry. The scientists at Waseda University hope that in the future, AIREC will be able to change adult nappies and prevent bedsores in patients.
Similar robots are already being used in care homes to play music to residents or guide them in simple stretching exercises.
They are also monitoring patients at night – placed under mattresses to track sleep and conditions – and cutting back on the need for humans doing the rounds.
Although humanoid robots are being developed for the near future, Assistant Professor Tamon Miyake says the level of precision and intelligence required will take at last five years before they are safely able to interact with humans.
“It requires full-body sensing and adaptive understanding – how to adjust for each person and situation,” he says.
Emotional support is also part of the innovation drive.
Poketomo, a 12cm tall robot, can be carried around in a bag or can fit into a pocket. It reminds users to take medication, tells you how to prepare in real time for the weather outside and offers conversation for those living alone, which its creators say helps to ease social isolation.
“We’re focusing on social issues… and to use new technology to help solve those problems,” Miho Kagei, development manager from Sharp told the BBC.
While devices and robots offer new ways to assist, human connection remains irreplaceable.
“Robots should supplement, not substitute, human caregivers,” Mr Miyake, the Waseda University scientist said. “While they may take over some tasks, their main role is to assist both caregivers and patients.”
At the Restaurant of Mistaken Orders in Sengawa, Tokyo, founded by Akiko Kanna, people stream in to be served by patients suffering from dementia.
Inspired by her father’s experience with the condition, Ms Kanna wanted a place where people could remain engaged and feel purposeful.
Toshio Morita, one of the café’s servers, uses flowers to remember which table ordered what.
Despite his cognitive decline, Mr Morita enjoys the interaction. For his wife, the café provides respite and helps keep him engaged.
Kanna’s café illustrates why social interventions and community support remain essential. Technology can provide tools and relief, but meaningful engagement and human connection are what truly sustain people living with dementia.
“Honestly? I wanted a little pocket money. I like meeting all sorts of people,” Mr Morita says. “Everyone’s different – that’s what makes it fun.”
Getty ImagesAdditional reporting by Jaltson Akkanath Chummar
Business
How To Apply For Insurance Claim After Accident? Where Does Licence Validity Come In? | Explained
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Even if your driving licence has expired, the law protects accident victims. Learn how insurance claims work and what the 30-day grace period covers
The rules for insurance claims following a road accident differ depending on whether it is a third-party claim or an own damage claim.
The Punjab and Haryana High Court has clarified that a driving licence remains valid for 30 days after its expiry. If an accident occurs on the 30th and final day of this grace period, the insurance company is legally required to honour the claim.
According to The Tribune, the licence in the case under consideration expired on June 4, 2001. The 30-day grace period began on June 5, meaning the licence remained valid until July 4, 2001. The accident took place on July 4, 2001, at around 10:45 am, and as it fell within the grace period, the licence was deemed legally valid.
Insurance Claims In India: What The Law Says
The rules for insurance claims following a road accident differ depending on whether it is a third-party claim or an own damage claim.
Third-Party Insurance: Mandatory for All Vehicles
Under Section 146 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, third-party insurance is compulsory for every vehicle in India. Third-party claims relate to:
- Injury or death of a third party
- Damage to third-party property
The Supreme Court has consistently ruled that even if the driver has no licence, an expired licence, a suspended licence or a licence of the wrong category, the insurance company must still compensate the victim or their family.
This obligation remains even if:
- The driver has no driving licence at all
- The licence has expired
- The licence is suspended
- The licence belongs to an incorrect vehicle category
- The driver only holds a learner’s licence
‘Pay and Recover’ Principle
The Supreme Court frequently applies the pay and recover principle:
- The insurer must first pay compensation to the victim.
- The insurer may then recover the amount from the vehicle owner.
In 2023, the Supreme Court reaffirmed that the victim must not suffer because the driver lacked a valid licence.
Own Damage Claims: Strict Rules Apply
The rules for own damage claims are entirely different. Every motor insurance policy clearly states that the driver must have:
- A valid driving licence
- A proper licence for the vehicle category
If, at the time of the accident:
- The driver had no licence, or
- The licence had expired, or
- The licence was not appropriate for that vehicle,
the insurance company will reject the own damage claim entirely.
This position was upheld by the Supreme Court in Dharmendra Goyal vs Reliance General Insurance (2022) and reaffirmed in multiple judgements between 2023 and 2025.
The National Consumer Commission (NCDRC) issued similar rulings in dozens of cases.
Grace Period And Licence Validity
If an accident occurs within the 30-day grace period after the licence has expired, insurance policies provide full coverage, both for:
- Third-party claims, and
- Own damage claims
This rule is applicable nationwide.
When Is Renewal Necessary?
According to Section 15 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989:
30-Day Grace Period
- The licence remains fully valid for 30 days after expiry.
- There is no penalty if renewed within these 30 days.
Penalties After The Grace Period
- After 30 days: Rs 300 fine, increasing to Rs 1,000 per year.
- After 1 year: The applicant must take the driving test again.
- After 5 years: A complete restart is required, including a new learner’s licence.
Renewal Made Easier (2025 Guidelines)
The Ministry of Transport’s 2025 guidelines confirm:
- The 30-day grace period applies across India.
- Driving licences can be renewed instantly online via the Parivahan.gov.in portal.
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The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is scheduled to meet today, with Pakistan expecting approval of approximately $1.2 billion, according to official sources.
The IMF’s board calendar for December 8–14 confirms that Pakistan’s case is on the agenda. The board is set to review the staff-level agreement recently reached with Islamabad.
Under the current loan programme, the board may approve the release of a $1 billion tranche. Additionally, Pakistan could receive the first $200 million installment from the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF), which supports climate-related initiatives.
Final approval will be determined during the board’s deliberations.
Earlier reports indicated that Pakistan had agreed to a key IMF condition requiring a special audit of supplementary grants issued over the past ten years.
Pakistan has also accepted another IMF measure aimed at limiting the federal government’s discretionary authority in issuing supplementary grants.
The 10-day technical discussions between Pakistan and the IMF, which began on November 11, have concluded.
The talks focused on reforms in public finance management (PFM) and measures to improve transparency in the budget process.
According to sources, the digital Public Finance Management Assessment was reviewed, and oversight mechanisms for the digitized PFM master plan were discussed.
Mumbai: Shares of InterGlobe Aviation, the parent company of IndiGo Airlines, fell sharply in early trade on Monday, dropping 6.6 per cent to an intra-day low of Rs 5,015 on the BSE.
However, it recovered later as around 9:45 a.m., the shares were trading at Rs 5,159.50, down by Rs 211 or 3.93 per cent.
The sell-off came after the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) extended the deadline for IndiGo CEO Pieter Elbers to respond to a show-cause notice linked to the airline’s recent operational disruptions.
The aviation regulator had issued a show-cause notice to IndiGo’s accountable manager on Sunday, just a day after sending a similar notice to CEO Pieter Elbers.
The DGCA said that the airline’s massive wave of cancellations over the past week caused widespread inconvenience and distress to passengers across the country.
According to the regulator, the disruptions were largely triggered by IndiGo’s failure to plan properly for the rollout of the revised Flight Duty Time Limitations (FDTL) rules.
These rules, which lay down the duty hours and mandatory rest periods for flight crew, came into effect recently and have created significant operational challenges for the airline.
In its notice, the DGCA pointed out that IndiGo’s “large-scale operation failures” suggest major lapses in planning, oversight and resource management.
The accountable manager has been given 24 hours to explain why enforcement action should not be taken. If the airline fails to respond within the extended deadline, the DGCA has said it will proceed based on the information available.
Even as the regulatory pressure increases, IndiGo said on Sunday that it has restored 95 per cent of its network and plans to operate around 1,500 flights.
The airline claimed that its operations are on track to stabilise by December 10, with improving on-time performance and fewer cancellations.
However, more than 220 flights had already been cancelled across major airports by the time of reporting, adding to the inconvenience faced by thousands of passengers.
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