Business
Other side of multinationals’ exit story | The Express Tribune
As some long-entrenched firms leave, new players move in, drawn by signs of economic recovery and growth
Also likely to levy income tax on companies suffering gross losses. PHOTO: NASDAQ
ISLAMABAD:
“All happy families are alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” Leo Tolstoy
Procter & Gamble’s exit from Pakistan has reignited debate over the country’s business climate. Many view it as part of a broader trend of multinational companies leaving amid mounting economic challenges. Analysts have pointed to high corporate taxes, restrictions on profit repatriation, and a cumbersome regulatory environment as key reasons. But the story is more complex.
Over the past four years, nine multinational companies have exited or divested their operations in Pakistan. Four of these were manufacturers – three pharmaceutical firms (Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, and Eli Lilly) and one consumer goods company (P&G). The remaining were service-sector players such as Shell, Total, Telenor, and Uber/Careem. The pharmaceutical sector has seen the most exodus; though this is not new. Three decades ago, 48 multinational drug companies operated in Pakistan. Today, fewer than half remain. Most have gradually divested, transferring operations or product registrations to local firms that now command over two-thirds of the domestic market.
Price controls and rigid regulations have made it harder for global firms to operate profitably, while local players have grown stronger, more agile, and more competitive.
P&G’s decision appears to reflect its global priorities more than Pakistan’s domestic conditions. Its strategy now centres on manufacturing in major markets like the United States, Europe, Greater China, and India, while exiting relatively smaller markets including Nigeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Kenya, and others in Latin America.
In the services sector, exits also reflect broader global restructuring rather than a loss of investor confidence. Shell’s sale of its Pakistan operations to Saudi-based Wafi Energy aligns with its strategy to exit retail fuel businesses in several countries. Telenor’s decision, taken in 2022, is part of a move to focus on a smaller set of core markets. Uber and Careem have yielded market share to more affordable competitors such as InDrive and Yango. As some long-entrenched firms leave, new players are moving in, drawn by signs of economic recovery and growth. China’s Challenge Group is investing $150 million in Punjab to develop a high-tech textile zone expected to generate 18,000 jobs and an estimated $100 million in apparel exports.
Consumer healthcare multinational company Haleon is expanding its Jamshoro facility, positioning Pakistan as a regional manufacturing hub and targeting a sizeable part of production for export. Belarus plans to set up a tractor manufacturing joint venture in Balochistan.
In the financial sector, the sale of First Women Bank Limited marks the first successful privatisation in two decades. Though a small transaction, the acquisition by a multibillion UAE investment holding company signals growing investor interest as it explores more opportunities in Pakistan. UAE’s Mashreq Bank is also investing $100 million, aiming to expand financial access for the unbanked and establish Pakistan as a back-office hub for its global operations.
The largest new wave of investment is expected from China as both countries resume work on the long-delayed second phase of CPEC. New investments amounting to $8.5 billion, including $1.5 billion in joint ventures, have recently been finalised, targeting key sectors such as agriculture, renewable energy, electric vehicles, healthcare, steel, and other emerging industries.
It is essential that these new investments do not repeat the old import-substitution model pursued by many existing companies. Instead, they should emulate the example of the Chinese-Pakistani joint venture, Service Long March (SLM) Tyres, which has successfully captured most of the domestic market once dominated by smuggled goods and is now exporting tyres worth $100 million annually, mostly to the United States.
The real challenge for policymakers is to identify and replicate such success stories. Pakistan hosts over 200 multinational companies that play a vital role in driving commerce and industry and contribute more than one-third of the FBR’s total tax collection. Yet, despite this significant presence, their export footprint remains negligible, even as they repatriate over $1.5 billion in profits annually.
In contrast, multinationals operating in other developing countries are far more outward-looking, focused on global markets, earning substantial foreign exchange, and contributing to export growth rather than relying primarily on domestic sales.
The recent reforms to Pakistan’s trade and tariff policies offer an opportunity to shift towards export-led growth, and multinationals can and should play a central role in that transition, as they have elsewhere.
The era of special concessions through SROs and high tariff protection is drawing to a close. Companies can no longer afford to depend on importing components at low duties, assembling them, and selling locally at high margins in a highly protected market.
To remain relevant and competitive, they must break this cycle of dependency and embrace an export-oriented strategy, one that rewards efficiency, innovation, and global competitiveness. This is precisely how the East Asian economies transformed their industrial landscapes and achieved lasting prosperity. By following similar policies, Pakistan can do the same.
The writer is a member of the steering committee overseeing the implementation of the National Tariff Policy 2025-30. He has previously served as Pakistan’s ambassador to the WTO and FAO’s representative to the United Nations
Business
Which Central Govt Employees Are Eligible For Increased Gratuity Of Rs 25 Lakh? Govt Issues Clarification
The Department of Pension & Pensioners’ Welfare under Ministry of Personnel, PG & Pensions has issued clarification regarding coverage of offices for payment of gratuity to the Central Government Servant.
The Department of Pension and Pensioners’ Welfare (DoPPW) had issued OM on 30 May 2024 enhancing the maximum limit of the gratuity from Rs 20 lakhs to Rs 25 lakhs to the central government civilian employees covered under Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 2021 and the Central Civil Services (Payment of Gratuity under National Pension System) Rules, 2021.
DoPPW said that it keeps receiving references/RTI applications etc seeking clarification whether the above referred OM/payment of gratuity under CCS (Pension) Rules is applicable on societies, banks, ports trusts, RBI, PSU, autonomous bodies, Universities State Governments etc and if not under which rules these organisations are governed.
“It is stated that Department of Pension & Pensioners’ Welfare (DoPPW) is the nodal Department for formulation of policies relating to pension and other retirement benefits of Central Government civil employees covered under the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 2021 and Central Civil Services (Payment of Gratuity under National Pension System) Rules, 2021. These rules are not applicable on types of organisations as mentioned in para 2 above. It is further stated that any query on the subject including one i.e. under which rules such organisations are governed should be addressed to the concerned organisation / concerned administrative Ministry/Department.”
The OM clarified that enhanced gratuity does not apply to societies, banks, ports trusts, RBI, PSU, autonomous bodies, Universities State Governments etc and if not under which rules these organisations are governed. It implied that only those central government civil servants who fall under the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 2021 or the Central Civil Services (Payment of Gratuity under National Pension System) Rules, 2021 will receive a maximum gratuity of up to Rs 25 lakh.
Business
Stocks to buy: What’s the outlook for Nifty for the week starting October 27? Check list of top stock recommendations – The Times of India
Stock market recommendations: According to Sudeep Shah, Head – Technical Research and Derivatives, SBI Securities, the top stock picks for this week are Cummins India, and Blue Star. Here’s his view on Nifty, Bank Nifty for the Diwali week starting October 27, 2025:Nifty View:The benchmark index Nifty has delivered a strong performance through October, advancing over 1500 points from its low of 24588 in just 15 trading sessions. This sharp upward move was driven by festive optimism, steady domestic inflows, and supportive global cues, reflecting a robust bullish sentiment.During the Diwali week, the index approached its all-time high, raising expectations of a breakout. However, it failed to sustain the momentum and encountered profit booking, indicating a shift in investor sentiment following the rapid rise.This slowdown has led to the emergence of a Shooting Star-like candlestick pattern on the weekly chart, which typically signals a potential reversal or exhaustion in the prevailing trend. The pattern suggests that while buyers attempted to push prices higher, they faced resistance. A confirmation candle, usually a bearish follow-through, will be essential to validate this reversal signal.From a momentum perspective, the daily RSI had reached a high of 72.69, indicating overbought conditions. It has since declined to 67.19 and is currently trending lower, reinforcing the cautious outlook.At the same time, market participants are closely monitoring developments around the India-US trade deal, which could serve as a key trigger for the next directional move. A favourable outcome may revive bullish sentiment and fuel further upside.In terms of technical levels, the 25550–25500 zone is expected to act as a strong support, as it coincides with the 13-day EMA and the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement of the recent rally from 24588 to 26104. On the upside, the 25950–26000 zone remains a critical resistance. A sustained move above 26000 could pave the way for a rally towards 26300.With technical indicators cooling off and macro factors in play, the coming sessions will be crucial in determining whether this is a temporary pause or the beginning of a broader correction.Bank Nifty ViewThe banking index Bank Nifty registered a new all-time high on Thursday, reflecting strong sectoral momentum and investor confidence. However, the index was unable to hold above the critical 58500 mark, and soon after, it experienced profit booking, indicating a temporary shift in sentiment following the sharp rally.This pullback has resulted in the formation of a Shooting Star candlestick pattern on the weekly chart, a technical signal that often points to trend exhaustion. The pattern suggests that while buyers attempted to push prices higher, they encountered resistance, leading to a potential pause or reversal in the ongoing uptrend.Adding to the cautious outlook, the daily RSI has also weakened. After reaching a high of 76, the RSI has now given a bearish crossover and is trending lower, typically indicating a cooling-off in momentum and the possibility of a consolidation phase.With Bank Nifty at a crucial juncture, market participants will be closely watching for confirmation signals in the coming sessions. Whether this is a brief pause or the beginning of a broader correction will depend on price action over the next few trading days.From a technical standpoint, the 57000–56900 zone is expected to act as key support, as it aligns with the 38.2% Fibonacci retracement level of the recent rally. On the upside, the 58200–58300 zone remains a critical resistance area. A sustained move above 58300 could pave the way for a sharp rally towards 59000, and potentially 59500, in the short term.Stock recommendations:Cummins IndiaCUMMINSIND had been consolidating in a 3830–4030 range since early October, forming a series of small-bodied candles that indicated indecision among traders. The stock broke out of this range on Thursday, and the move was followed by strong follow-through buying in Friday’s session, confirming bullish momentum. With Friday’s close, Cummins India has moved above the upper band of the Bollinger Bands, reflecting heightened buying strength. Moreover, the MACD has given a bullish crossover above its signal line, accompanied by rising histogram bars, which indicates increasing positive momentum and suggests the potential for further upside in the near term. Hence, we recommend to accumulate the stock in the zone of 4190-4170 with a stoploss of 4050. On the upside, it is likely to test the level of 4500 in the short term.Blue StarBLUESTARCO recently broke out of a downward sloping trendline, signalling a shift in momentum in favour of the bulls. After the breakout, the stock consolidated within a tight 1940–1990 range for four trading sessions, digesting gains before resuming its upward move. On Friday, it broke above this range with strong follow-through buying backed by healthy volumes, reaffirming bullish sentiment. The stock also trades above all key moving averages, indicating strength in the broader trend. Meanwhile, the RSI, which had flattened in the last few sessions, has started turning higher, and the ADX is rising, suggesting that momentum is building up for a further upside move. Hence, we recommend to accumulate the stock in the zone of 2020-2000 with a stoploss of 1940. On the upside, it is likely to test the level of 2160 in the short term.(Disclaimer: Recommendations and views on the stock market, other asset classes or personal finance management tips given by experts are their own. These opinions do not represent the views of The Times of India)
Business
US and China agree framework of trade deal ahead of Trump-Xi meeting
Michael RaceBusiness reporter
ReutersThe US and China have agreed the framework of a potential trade deal that will be discussed when their respective leaders meet later this week, the US treasury secretary has said.
Scott Bessent told the BBC’s US news partner CBS that this included a “final deal” on TikTok’s US operations and a deferral on China’s tightened rare earth minerals controls.
He also said he did not anticipate the 100% tariff on Chinese goods threatened by President Donald Trump coming into force, while China will resume substantial soybean purchases from the US.
Both nations are seeking to avoid further escalation in a trade war between the world’s two largest economies.
Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping are due to hold talks on Thursday in South Korea.
Bessent met senior Chinese trade officials on the sidelines of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) summit in Malaysia, which Trump is also attending as part of a tour of Asia. Beijing said they had “constructive” discussions.
Bessent said the countries had “reached a substantial framework for the two leaders”, adding: “The tariffs will be averted.”
The Chinese government said in a statement that both negotiating teams “reached a basic consensus on arrangements to address their respective concerns”.
“Both sides agreed to further finalise specific details,” they added.
Trump’s tariff tactics
Since Trump re-entered the White House, he has imposed and threatened sweeping tariffs on imports from overseas on various countries, arguing that the policy would help boost US manufacturing and jobs. The introduction of tariffs has resulted in many countries, including the UK, agreeing new deals with the US.
But the steepest levies he has threatened have been levelled at China. Beijing has hit back with measures of its own, though the two agreed to hold off implementing the levies while pursuing a trade deal.
However, earlier this month Trump said he would impose an additional 100% tarriff on Chinese goods from November in response to China tightening restrictions on export of rare earths – materials essential to the production of many electronics. The US president accused Beijing of “becoming very hostile” and trying to hold the world “captive”.
China processes around 90% of the world’s rare earths, which go into everything from solar panels to smartphones, making supply of them to US manufacturers a key bargaining chip.
The last time Beijing tightened export controls – after Trump raised tariffs on Chinese goods early this year – there was an outcry from many US firms reliant on the materials.
China will “delay that for a year while they re-examine it”, Bessent told a different news show, This Week, on Sunday.
Another issue of contention is soybeans, of which China is the world’s biggest buyer. As the trade war began heating up, China halted all orders, hurting US farmers.
Bessent hinted the boycott may soon be over but refused to give details.
“I’m actually a soybean farmer, so I have felt this pain too… I think we have addressed the farmers’ concerns,” he said on This Week.
“I believe when the announcement of the deal with China is made public that our soybean farmers will feel really good about what’s going on for this season and the coming seasons for several years.”
TikTok deal done?
Bessent also said a deal had been agreed on video-sharing platform TikTok’s US arm, with Trump and Xi left to “consummate that transaction on Thursday”.
The US has sought to prise the app’s US operations away from Chinese parent company ByteDance over national security concerns.
TikTok was previously told it had to sell its US operations or risk being shut down, but Trump has delayed implementing the ban four times to facilitate negotiations, and has extended the deadline again to December.
The White House announced last month that US companies would control TikTok’s algorithm and Americans would hold six of seven board seats for the app’s US operations.
While Trump initially called for TikTok to be banned during his first term, he has since changed course. He turned to the hugely popular platform to boost his support among young Americans during his successful 2024 presidential campaign.
On Sunday, Washington also announced a slew of trade deals with Malaysia and Cambodia and framework agreements with Thailand and Vietnam.
The region, which is heavily dependent on trade with the US, is among the hardest hit by Trump’s tariffs.
The US will keep its tariff rate of up to 20% on each of the countries’ goods, but could carve out exemptions on certain products.
“Our message to the nations of South East Asia is that the United States is with you 100% and we intend to be a strong partner for many generations,” Trump said in Malaysia, the first stop of his week-long Asian tour.
Trump signed agreements involving the trade of critical minerals with Thailand and Malaysia. These expand the US’ access to rare earth elements and other metals beyond China.
Trump also announced framework agreements for the US to trade more goods with Cambodia and Thailand.
The White House and Vietnam announced “unprecedented” trade access between the countries. Vietnam also agreed to buying Boeing jets worth more than $8bn (£6bn) from the US and American agricultural goods.
Additional reporting by Osmond Chia
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