Tech
I Tested Dozens of Space Heaters. These Are the Best in 2025
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Large Heaters More Powerful Than Small Ones?
Nope! It may seem counterintuitive, but large heaters don’t necessarily heat any better than small ones.
Whatever their physical size, most space heaters in the US and Canada deliver about the same amount of heat. Space heaters top out at 1,500 watts, which is the highest safe operating load for a 15-amp household circuit. And aside from some low-power personal heaters here and there, most space heaters you’ll find on the market are 1,500-watt heaters.
What’s more, electric space heaters are all pretty much 100 percent efficient in converting that electricity to heat. Whether directly or indirectly, nearly all of that energy will eventually become heat.
So if space heaters are the same power and the same efficiency, why are some 1,500-watt heaters advertised for small rooms and some for large rooms? This likely has as much to do with marketing as science. Pretty much every ceramic, electric-coil, or PTC heater has about the same amount of juice and thus the same ability to heat a room … at least eventually.
What differs among heaters is how and where the heat gets distributed and how fast. All other things being equal, the efficacy of a heater is mostly about whether it puts the heat where you want it to go.
What Are the Different Types of Space Heaters?
Basically all electric space heaters do the same thing: They take electricity off the grid, usually 1,500 watts of it if you’re in the United States, and turn that power into heat.
The vast majority of space heaters, including ceramic heaters and PTC heaters, are electric resistance heaters. This means they run an electrical current through something that creates resistance: maybe an electric coil or maybe a specially designed ceramic. This quickly turns electricity into heat.
Most space heaters use a fan to disperse this heat out into the world, where we all live. These forced-air convection heaters tend to be the fastest at quickly raising the temperature of the surrounding air. The air then heats you. And so while this variety heats quickly, it can take quite a bit of electricity to heat up a whole room.
Oil-filled radiators, in contrast, heat up oil that circulates inside the device, which then emits heat to the surrounding room. These tend to heat up slower but offer even and lasting heat and are very quiet. These radiators operate on the same principle as steam radiators in buildings with a boiler room. And just like steam radiators, they can get really, really hot to the touch.
Radiant heaters, such as infrared heaters, operate much like the sun or a campfire: Rather than heat the air, they heat objects or people directly by radiating energy toward them. Infrared devices heat the air only indirectly, via the objects it heats— much the same way the sun’s heat radiates off baking city streets. The glow is immediately palpable as warmth, but you’ll need to be in the path of the radiation to feel it, and the thermometer might not immediately register the warmth you perceive. Infrared heaters tend to be best at making an individual in front of the heater feel a little warmer without using a lot of energy, making them a more common decision in large and lofty spaces or outside on a patio.
Though they deliver heat differently, both infrared and oil-filled heaters are subject to the same wattage limitations, and have about the same efficiency, as electrical resistance heaters.
The same cannot be said for heat pumps, a newer technology that’s expected to provide the next generation of household heat. Heat pumps don’t use energy to create heat. Instead, they move heat energy from one place to another. Accordingly, they require far less energy than other forms of heater. But household systems cost thousands to install. And while more affordable window and portable heat pumps are ramping up, they’re not yet broadly available.
Yes, but also definitely no.
Space heaters are much safer than they used to be. Modern space heaters are heavily regulated, especially regarding exposed heating elements and automatic shut-off switches to prevent overheating. But all heating devices require caution, and so do all devices that pull a lot of energy over long periods.
The vast majority of residential heating fires start with actual fire—specifically in fireplaces and fuel burners. But space heaters accounted for more than a thousand fires in the US each year from 2017 to 2019, according to the US Fire Administration. Though this accounted for just 3 percent of heating fires overall, these led to more than 40 percent of fatalities, in part because portable heaters tend to be placed precisely where people are and because the resulting fires are far more likely to be unconfined.
So treat your space heater with the caution and wild skepticism that it deserves. See WIRED’s Guide to Space Heater Safety for a full rundown about how not to start fires or cause othr hazards. Our guide follows recommendations from federal experts at the the USFA and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), as well as the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM).
But for the short version:
Don’t leave a space heater unattended. “Unattended” includes sleeping, y’all! Might we suggest a wonderful down comforter instead? When possible, safety experts also recommend you don’t leave a portable heater running unattended in a room with a baby, nor a person with mobility issues. The risk isn’t just fire but hyperthermia.
Plug your heater directly into the outlet. Don’t use extension cords or power strips with space heaters, lest you build up too much electrical load and risk a fire.
Don’t plug another appliance into the same outlet or circuit as the space heater.
Place a space heater only on the floor, on a level surface. Heat rises. You don’t need to prop up a heater on an unstable chair or table.
Keep your heater at least 3 feet from flammable objects. This includes bedding, drapes, furniture, clothes, papers, books. All of that.
Keep space heaters away from water and dampness, whether in bathrooms or in moist basements prone to dripping or flooding.
Read the manual. Manufacturers have good advice.
How We Tested and What We Tested
When it comes to testing space heaters, there are a few main questions: How safe is it? How loud is it? How quickly and evenly can it heat a room?
During intensive testing of dozens of space heaters, I lived for weeks in a home with the thermostat set to a chilly 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
I tested how well and quickly each device heated a medium-size room (14 by 14 feet), and also how well it heated a small seating area in a larger, open-format space. To test each heater’s thermostat and also measure the evenness of heating, I placed thermometers at three or more locations in each room, including behind the heater.
I tested the loudness of each device with a decibel meter at 3 feet away and verified power usage with a wattmeter. To see whether the heater’s exhaust put out painful levels of heat, I used an infrared thermometer to gauge precise surface temperatures. When in doubt, I put my own fingers on the line.
Finally, I tested safety features and basic durability. I looked at independent safety certifications, of course. But I also rudely knocked over each device to verify how the device’s tip-over protections functioned, if at all, and verified that the device started working again when set back on its feet.
To test overheat protection, I smothered each device with an old sheet to see whether the device shut itself off or whether it adjusted its power output to keep internal temperature low. After the device shut itseld off, I then checked how soon it could turn back on, if it ever did. (Some heaters gave up, in permanent complaint!)
If any device fails the tip-over or overheat tests, we don’t recommend it. If it’s significantly louder than 50 decibels at 3 feet, we don’t recommend it. If the heater breaks during routine operation, we don’t recommend it. Maddening rattles and squeaks are also disqualifying.
We keep on testing our favorites through the cold season and beyond, to see how they hold up over time. And, of course, we continually subject more heaters to our testing regimen to see if other devices can oust our current faves.
More Space Heaters I Recommend
Photograph: Matthew Korfhage
Vornado AVH10 for $100: Vornado has an unholy variety of models that look quite similar but have different levels of loudness and different feature sets. Some are built in America, some in China. In general, the models I’ve liked best are the ones that advertise “vortex action,” a fancy name for spinning a fan into a spiral grate oriented opposite to the action of the fan. This leads to a mostly quiet and nigh-undetectable column of warm air, directed out to the back of the room, where it scatters. The TAVH10, which is basically this model but with a timer and remote, is my current favorite, though if you need neither, you can save $30 and get this.
Photograph: Matthew Korfhage
Vornado MVH+ for $75 and Vornado VH240+ for $70: These two devices are very nearly the same device. And the previous year’s non-digital MVH was my favorite model before getting displaced by a couple newer models of Dreo and Vornado. It remains among the most silent, the most even in its heat, and among the most reasonably priced. This said, the TAV10 got a little quieter and the MVH got a little louder, and the addition of a remote and a timer makes it more attractive. This said, there are reasons to favor an analog device. Because they’re analog, the MVH and VH240 can also be regulated by a temperature-controlled power outlet in order to get the most accurate version of a thermostat.
De’Longhi Slim-Style Portable Panel Heater for $210: This electric panel heater is an interesting hybrid, with dual heat exhausts on each side but also a broad radiant heat panel. This makes for a middle ground between radiators and resistive fan heaters—heating a room much faster than a classic radiator would but still maintaining warm radiant heat over time. This said, it shares a radiator’s main fault, which is that it’s painfully hot to the touch across a large surface—but still issues the same amount of fan noise as a fan heater. Still: It may be your choice if you need to heat up a space quickly and evenly and maintain that heat over time.
Dreo MC706 for $170: New this year, Dreo’s innovative 2-in-1 fan/heater won top marks in our fan guide for its auto-shift positive temperature coefficient (PTC) technology, which moves the heater’s ceramic element aside to allow full fan airflow. Its 1,700 ft/m wind speed is a rarity among tower fans, let alone tower fan/heater combos. It’s not the strongest space heater, but it is sufficient, with five settings, 120-degree oscillation, and tip-over protection. Note that though there is a remote, there are no smart features, and it does not work with Dreo’s app.
Photograph: Matthew Korfhage
Dreo Bathroom Heater for $60: Like Dreo’s smart wall-mounted model I far prefer, this ceramic heater comes with an ALCI plug for safe use near water. I prefer to keep bathroom heaters away from the floor, but not all bathrooms have mountable wall space. This remains a possible, though not ideal alternative, with a somewhat janky thermostat.
Not Recommended
Pelonis 16-Inch Space Heater for $65 and Pelonis 23-Inch Space Heater for $70: Both of these towers heated up quite quickly. Both were also enormously hot at the surface of their vents, with relatively little shielding from the visible heating elements. The 23-inch was significantly quieter than the 16-inch, however.
Photograph: Matthew Korfhage
Vornado VMHi600 for $200: This large cube was about as quiet as the AVH10, staying below 60 decibels, but its vent got quite hot—about 130 degrees Fahrenheit. Other Vornado models perform far better at a far lower price.
Photograph: Matthew Korfhage
Vornado Velocity Cube 5S for $100: This cube’s outer housing stayed quite cool, and the fan functionality is welcome. But its surface vent got a little hot, and the fan was a bit on the noisy side compared to other Vornados.
Vornado Velocity 5R Whole Room Heater for $125 and Vornado VHEAT for $160: Our top pick MVH from Vornado is one of the quietest space heaters I’ve tested. These were two of the loudest. The 5R topped 70 decibels. The vintage-looking VHEAT is quite lovely, but it’s also a bit of a noisemaker.
Lasko MyHeat Mini for $40: This little thing looked cute, and I thought it would be a nice desktop or under-table personal heater. But even with its low output at 400 watts, the vent got way too hot to want it anywhere near your laptop or papers.
Photograph: Matthew Korfhage
Lasko 22-inch Oscillating Tower With Remote for $80: This one failed our tip-over test when we knocked it over, blasting heat endlessly into the rug until it overheated and sent a burnt-plastic smell into the air. It did restart hours later, meaning this shutoff was a safety feature. But this tower’s a bit too tall and tippable to risk repeating these events often.
Honeywell 2-Position Heater for $45: This compact, simple, analog heater was a nice enough idea, able to rest vertically or on its side. Lord, it’s loud when its fan is in operation, though.
Honeywell Compact Ceramic Tower for $47: This Honeywell performed well in terms of fast heat and safe surface temperature. Its fan wasn’t too loud either. But the one we received had a maddening squeak each time the tower oscillated fully counterclockwise.
Gone but Not Forgotten
Photograph: Matthew Korfhage
Vornado Sensa Cribside Heater: I loved the idea behind this Vornado Sensa Cribside Heater when I tested it: A space heater with an external temperature sensor, with therefore accurate temperature management (hard to find among space heaters!) But it’s disappeared from Vornado’s website, and has dwindled on retail sites. It’s no longer available on Amazon, but if you see it on sale at another site, I still like it.
Also tested but discontinued: Morento 26-cm Heater, Morento 40-cm Heater, Dyson HP07, many models of Vornado before the brand’s 2025 refresh.
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Tech
A New AI Math Startup Just Cracked 4 Previously Unsolved Problems
Five years ago, mathematicians Dawei Chen and Quentin Gendron were trying to untangle a difficult area of algebraic geometry involving differentials, elements of calculus used to measure distance along curved surfaces. While working on one theorem, they ran into an unexpected roadblock: Their argument depended on a strange formula from number theory, but they were unable to solve or justify it. In the end, Chen and Gendron wrote a paper presenting their idea as a conjecture, rather than a theorem.
Chen recently spent hours prompting ChatGPT in the hopes of getting the AI to come up with a solution to the still unsolved problem, but it wasn’t working. Then, during a reception at a math conference in Washington, DC, last month, Chen ran into Ken Ono, a well-known mathematician who had recently left his job at the University of Virginia to join Axiom, an artificial intelligence startup cofounded by one of his mentees, Carina Hong.
Chen told Ono about the problem, and the following morning, Ono presented him with a proof, courtesy of his startup’s math-solving AI, AxiomProver. “Everything fell into place naturally after that,” says Chen, who worked with Axiom to write up the proof, which has now been posted to arXiv, a public repository for academic papers.
Axiom’s AI tool found a connection between the problem and a numerical phenomenon first studied in the 19th century. It then devised a proof, which it helpfully verified itself. “What AxiomProver found was something that all the humans had missed,” Ono tells WIRED.
The proof is one of several solutions to unsolved math problems that Axiom says its system has come up with in recent weeks. The AI has not yet solved any of the most famous (or lucrative) problems in the field of mathematics, but it has found answers to questions that have stumped experts in different areas for years. The proofs are evidence of AI’s steadily advancing math abilities. In recent months, other mathematicians have reported using AI tools to explore new ideas and solve existing problems.
The techniques being developed by Axiom may prove useful outside the world of advanced math. For example, the same approaches could be used to develop software that is more resilient to certain kinds of cybersecurity attacks. This would involve using AI to verify that code is provably reliable and trustworthy.
“Math is really the great test ground and sandbox for reality,” says Hong, Axiom’s CEO. “We do believe that there are a lot of pretty important use cases of high commercial value.”
Axiom’s approach involves combining large language models with a proprietary AI system called AxiomProver that is trained to reason through math problems to reach solutions that are provably correct. In 2024, Google demonstrated a similar idea with a system called AlphaProof. Hong says that AxiomSolver incorporates several significant advances and newer techniques.
Ono says the AI-generated proof for the Chen-Gendron conjecture shows how AI can now meaningfully assist professional mathematicians. “This is a new paradigm for proving theorems,” he says.
Axiom’s system is more than just a regular AI model, in that it is able to verify proofs using a specialized mathematical language called Lean. Rather than just search through the literature, this allows AxiomProver to develop genuinely novel ways of solving problems.
Another one of the new proofs generated by AxiomProver demonstrates how the AI is capable of solving math problems entirely on its own. That proof, which has also been described in a paper posted to arXiv, provides a solution to Fel’s Conjecture, which concerns syzygies, or mathematical expressions where numbers line up in algebra. Remarkably, the conjecture involves formulas first found in the notebook of legendary Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan more than 100 years ago. In this case AxiomProver did not just fill in a missing piece of the puzzle, it devised the proof from start to finish.
Tech
Cozey’s Neptune Sofa Bed Is Firm, but It’s Also Flexible
If the words “sleeper sofa” still conjure images of a musty, squeaky, lumpy pull-out mattress with the thickness and support of a peanut butter sandwich, you may want to take a look at what’s been going on in the world of convertible furniture lately.
Modern-day sleeper sofas now come with luxe, real mattresses, like the Tempur-Pedic in Joybird’s Eliot, or offer multiple sitting and sleeping configurations, like the Koala Wanda. The Neptune, from Montreal-based, direct-to-consumer home goods brand Cozey, aims for something entirely different: a couch with modular components that can be moved or added to, along with seats that pull out to make either a twin- or full-sized bed, depending on couch size. Add on storage underneath each seat and machine-washable fabric, and you’ve got a truly versatile setup that’s ideal for guest rooms and living rooms alike. That is, as long as you like things firm.
Build-a-Bed
Cozey offers a variety of Neptune packages, from chairs and loveseats to five-seat sectionals and everything in between. Bed size options include twin or full, with optional storage ottomans, arms, and headrests. For testing, I selected a four-seat sectional with a full-sized bed, in Performance Slate upholstery. It looks almost like a charcoal color online, but turned out to be a lighter medium gray with a sturdy woven texture. There are four other Performance colors available (green, two beiges, and gray) and four basic neutrals in Aquaforte, Cozey’s proprietary water- and stain-repellent fabric—a pretty small selection compared with other brands, but that’s the price one pays for having inventory available for immediate shipping.
The last couch I tested, from Interior Define, took almost four months to arrive, but a couple of months is pretty typical for made-to-order furniture. Mercifully, the Neptune—which I’ve now been testing for almost six weeks—arrived in four days via free FedEx shipping, in 13 unwieldy boxes. An average-sized, 5’6″ woman, I had no problem carrying each box around the house, but struggled to take some of the heavier ones upstairs by myself.
Photograph: Kat Merck
Tech
What is RGB LED TV? Explaining the Futuristic Tech Landing in Living Rooms This Year
Micro RGB TVs should still offer better contrast than their mini-LED rivals, as their smaller size can theoretically offer more dimming zones for better overall black levels. They may also more readily provide naturalistic and granular color shifts, though we won’t know just how much better or different they are until we’ve spent more time with each variety. Samsung’s 2025 prototype was impressive in the short time I spent with it, with fantastic colors, clarity, and brightness. You can currently buy Samsung’s first Micro RGB TV in a 115-inch size for a cool $30,000, but 2026 will see more accessible sizes and (presumably) pricing.
What Is RGBY LED?
Just as we’re all getting our heads around this new era of RGB LED backlighting, Hisense moved the needle once again. After pushing RGB LED backlighting into the spotlight at CES 2025, the company used CES 2026 to reveal its new 116UXS RGB mini-LED TV that adds a new color substructure to RGB’s red, green, and blue modules with the introduction of cyan. (This is not to be confused with Hisense’s new emissive Micro LED TV, which also uses cyan in its color architecture.)
“Cyan sits in the part of the spectrum where human vision is most sensitive to subtle changes and its addition allows the 116UXS to render gradients, tones and transitions with a level of nuance that feels more natural and lifelike,” said Hisense in its press release. The TV is claimed to go above and beyond current RGB LED tech with a stunning 110 percent coverage of the BT.2020 color spec, as well as audio extras like a Devialet Opéra de Paris 6.2.2-channel audio system. We don’t know much more about it or its backlight tech right now, but expect it to come with a very high price tag if and when it becomes available.
What About SQD LED?
TCL was one of the few major panel makers that did not showcase an RGB LED TV at CES 2026. Instead, the company touted another new display technology that advances today’s many quantum-dot-enabled (or QLED) displays, called Super Quantum Dot mini-LED. Debuting with TCL’s new 85-inch X11L SQD mini-LED TV, the new tech blends traditional blue mini-LED backlighting with “newly formulated” Super Quantum Dots, and a new UltraColor Filter.
The TV offers similarly stunning specs to top RGB LED TVs, including up to a claimed 10,000 nits peak brightness and 100 percent of the BT.2020 color spectrum—though the brand also notes the latter is based on “typical performance of tested units” and that “actual results may vary.” TCL goes on to say its new display tech minimizes color artifacts when compared to RGB LED TVs, and that the X11L’s WHVA 2.0 panel is designed to provide a “wide color viewing angle” and enhanced contrast for deep black levels to better compete against OLED displays.
While I haven’t seen the X11L in person yet, it made a big splash at the show, promising to be an exciting new competitor to RGB LED in this rapidly evolving market. The X11L SQD TV is available now in 75-, 85-, and 98-inch sizes starting at $7,000.
RGB TVs You Can Buy in 2026
Courtesy of Hisense
One of the most exciting things about RGB LED is that it’s already here. In fact, Hisense began selling its first model, the UX Series RGB mini-LED TV, in 2025, albeit in gigantic sizes with similarly gigantic price tags. That’s changing this year, with multiple RGB LED TV models set to be available in more modest sizes, hopefully with more attainable price tags. That’s why we declared 2026 the year of the RGB LED TV. Here are the RGB LED TV models we know about so far:
RGB LED TVs Available Now
Samsung’s original Micro RGB backlit TV claims to offer a backlight system that is “the smallest available in any RGB LED TV” and 100 percent of the BT.2020 color spectrum, Samsung’s glare-free coating, and is powered by Samsung’s Micro RGB AI engine. The short time I spent with this TV’s prototype offered impressive spectacle, with fantastically bright colors. At CES 2026, Samsung also debuted a 130-inch RGB LED TV in a unique form factor the brand calls “the peak of our picture quality innovation,” but it’s unclear when or if this TV will be commercially available.
Hisense’s mini-LED RGB TV was similarly spectacular at CES 2025. It reaches 95 percent of the BT.2020 color gamut from over 20,000 “color control units, and claims up to 8,000 nits of blasting brightness.
RGB LED TVs Coming Soon
Samsung’s latest Micro RGB TV lineup will include 55-, 65-, 75-, 85-, 100-, and 115-inch model sizes, which should mean much more attainable pricing. Along with more accessible screen sizes, highlights include Samsung’s next-gen Micro RGB AI Engine Pro chipset and an upgraded Micro RGB light source with “enhanced” RGB color dimming for improved precision. All the TVs will incorporate Samsung’s glare-free matte screen tech.
Called the “most advanced LCD TV,” LG’s Micro RGB evo will incorporate an upgraded processor and is claimed to achieve 100 percent coverage of BT.2020, the more widely used DCI-P3, and Adobe RGB color gamuts.
With an aim at making RGB LED backlighting tech available to “more homes, more screen sizes, and more price points,” the UR9 and UR8 models will likely be the most accessible of the RGB LED TVs we’ve seen thus far. Calling the new models proof of “what’s scalable,” we’re hoping these TVs may wind up being somewhere in the premium range of current OLED and QLED tech, though pricing is still up in the air. While specs are limited so far, Hisense says these models will provide “dramatically expanded color range with richer saturation and more accurate tonal reproduction than standard premium TVs on the market.” I can’t wait to see if they deliver.
It’s still early days for RGB displays, and way too soon to count out other new display technologies or OLED, which continues to evolve further than we ever expected. We’ll find out a lot more this year, but what’s clear is that the future of TV is brighter, cheaper, and better-looking than ever.
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