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The Riskiest Loan: This Type Of Credit Has The Highest Default Rate In India
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Young borrowers, particularly those under 25, are the most likely to default, with higher stress levels recorded in tier-2 cities and rural regions
Young borrowers and fintech firms drive growth and risk in unsecured lending.
Loans that do not require any collateral, mainly personal loans and credit cards, now account for the highest share of repayment defaults in the banking system, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has warned in its latest Financial Stability Report.
According to the apex bank, unsecured retail loans now make up 53.1% of all retail loan defaults across scheduled commercial banks. The pressure is significantly higher on private lenders compared to state-run banks. RBI data shows that as much as 76% of total loan defaults at private banks come from unsecured loans, while the comparable figure for public sector banks is just 15.9%.
Overall, the non-performing asset (NPA) ratio for unsecured loans across banks is about 1.8%.
Unsecured loans are popular because they can be availed easily and the funds can be used for any purpose. However, they also carry the highest risk of default as there is no collateral backing the borrowing.
The RBI report also flagged the role of fintech lenders in expanding unsecured credit. More than 70% of the total loan book of fintech companies comprises unsecured loans, and over half of these are extended to borrowers below 35 years of age.
Borrowers who have taken unsecured loans from five or more institutions are especially vulnerable to repayment stress, RBI noted.
Between September 2024 and September 2025, fintech lending grew 36.1%, with personal loans forming the bulk of the growth. At the same time, growth in unsecured retail lending by banks has begun to accelerate again, even as lending to large corporates remains sluggish.
Credit card defaults continue to rise as spending surges. As of December, NPAs on credit cards stood at around Rs 6,742 crore, against a total outstanding of over Rs 2.92 lakh crore. Of this, dues pending between three months and one year amount to nearly Rs 34,000 crore.
Overspending and job losses are among the key drivers of card defaults, RBI said.
Personal loans, too, are seeing high repayment stress. The share of loans overdue for more than 90 days has climbed to 3.6%, with the highest default rate seen in loans of Rs 10,000 or less. Defaults in personal loans now account for 1.8% of the total NPAs in the system.
Young borrowers, particularly those under 25, are the most likely to default, with higher stress levels recorded in tier-2 cities and rural regions.
January 01, 2026, 16:39 IST
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Iran war: Oil prices rise as traders eye fragile ceasefire deal
The cost of crude plunged on Wednesday after a deal was announced that includes the opening of the Strait of Hormuz.
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Strait of Hormuz open or close? Only a ‘trickle’ of oil leaving right now despite ceasefire – The Times of India
The tussle over the opening of the Strait of Hormuz continues as the Middle East crisis intensifies, with oil shipments yet to return to normal levels. According to a senior Gulf Oil adviser, any impact on fuel prices in the United States is likely to take time.Tom Kloza, the company’s chief energy adviser, told CNN that he is still “not seeing the evidence of more crude oil departing” the strait, even though reopening the route was reportedly part of the two-week ceasefire agreed on Tuesday night.Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) claimed that traffic through the strait slowed sharply and then stopped, blaming what it described as a violation of the ceasefire by Israel in Lebanon.Kloza said the situation remains uncertain and progress has been slow. “I would emphasize these are really baby steps right now. There’s no indication that the strait is going to reopen, and it seems like a flimsy ceasefire, to say what’s obvious,” he told CNN’s Jake Tapper.He added that only “a trickle” amount of oil is currently leaving the region. Because of the fragile ceasefire, companies are likely to be cautious about sending oil through the route.“It looks as though we’re weeks away from any restoration of even 50% or 70% of the Strait of Hormuz traffic that we depend on,” Kloza said.The situation could escalate further after US President Donald Trump on Thursday issued a fresh warning to Iran over the Strait of Hormuz. Posting on the social media platform Truth Social, he said American military forces and weapons would remain in place until the two sides reach a “real agreement”.“If for any reason it is not, which is highly unlikely, then the “Shootin’ Starts,” bigger, and better, and stronger than anyone has ever seen before. It was agreed, a long time ago, and despite all of the fake rhetoric to the contrary – NO NUCLEAR WEAPONS and, the Strait of Hormuz WILL BE OPEN & SAFE. In the meantime our great Military is Loading Up and Resting, looking forward, actually, to its next Conquest. AMERICA IS BACK!”Global energy supplies continue to face pressure as Iran restricts movement through the Strait of Hormuz, a vital route that carries around 20% of the world’s oil. The conflict has now stretched beyond a month, following strikes on Iran by the United States and Israel on February 28.Meanwhile, oil prices edged up on Thursday after recording their sharpest single-day drop since April 2020, as ongoing tensions in the Middle East and uncertainty over the Strait of Hormuz kept markets unsettled. Brent crude climbed back towards $97 a barrel after a 13% fall on Wednesday, while West Texas Intermediate hovered near similar levels.
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