Business
The Riskiest Loan: This Type Of Credit Has The Highest Default Rate In India
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Young borrowers, particularly those under 25, are the most likely to default, with higher stress levels recorded in tier-2 cities and rural regions
Young borrowers and fintech firms drive growth and risk in unsecured lending.
Loans that do not require any collateral, mainly personal loans and credit cards, now account for the highest share of repayment defaults in the banking system, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has warned in its latest Financial Stability Report.
According to the apex bank, unsecured retail loans now make up 53.1% of all retail loan defaults across scheduled commercial banks. The pressure is significantly higher on private lenders compared to state-run banks. RBI data shows that as much as 76% of total loan defaults at private banks come from unsecured loans, while the comparable figure for public sector banks is just 15.9%.
Overall, the non-performing asset (NPA) ratio for unsecured loans across banks is about 1.8%.
Unsecured loans are popular because they can be availed easily and the funds can be used for any purpose. However, they also carry the highest risk of default as there is no collateral backing the borrowing.
The RBI report also flagged the role of fintech lenders in expanding unsecured credit. More than 70% of the total loan book of fintech companies comprises unsecured loans, and over half of these are extended to borrowers below 35 years of age.
Borrowers who have taken unsecured loans from five or more institutions are especially vulnerable to repayment stress, RBI noted.
Between September 2024 and September 2025, fintech lending grew 36.1%, with personal loans forming the bulk of the growth. At the same time, growth in unsecured retail lending by banks has begun to accelerate again, even as lending to large corporates remains sluggish.
Credit card defaults continue to rise as spending surges. As of December, NPAs on credit cards stood at around Rs 6,742 crore, against a total outstanding of over Rs 2.92 lakh crore. Of this, dues pending between three months and one year amount to nearly Rs 34,000 crore.
Overspending and job losses are among the key drivers of card defaults, RBI said.
Personal loans, too, are seeing high repayment stress. The share of loans overdue for more than 90 days has climbed to 3.6%, with the highest default rate seen in loans of Rs 10,000 or less. Defaults in personal loans now account for 1.8% of the total NPAs in the system.
Young borrowers, particularly those under 25, are the most likely to default, with higher stress levels recorded in tier-2 cities and rural regions.
January 01, 2026, 16:39 IST
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Business
Revised ITR Window Closed! Here’s What You Can Do Now To Claim Your Refund
New Delhi: Missed the December 31 deadline to file a revised or belated income tax return for FY 2024–25? Don’t panic just yet. While the window to revise your ITR has officially closed, it doesn’t mean your tax refund is gone for good. The rules simply take a different turn now and there’s still a way you may be able to claim what’s rightfully yours.
What happens after the December 31 deadline?
Up to December 31, taxpayers still had the option to file a belated return if they missed the original due date or submit a revised return to fix mistakes in an already filed ITR. However, once the calendar turned to January 1, both these options were shut for AY 2025–26. This means you can no longer file or revise your return now even if the Income Tax Department has not yet processed your earlier filing.
Is your tax refund still safe?
Yes, there’s some good news here. If you have already filed your ITR within the due date and are eligible for a refund, you can still receive it even after December 31. The Income Tax Department can process returns and release refunds later as well. That said, if there are mistakes in your return, the way to fix them now depends on what kind of error it is.
How can you claim your refund now? Here are the available options
Rectification request under Section 154 (most commonly used)
If your return has already been processed and you have received an intimation under Section 143(1), but the refund amount is incorrect or has been denied due to an error, you can file a rectification request. This option is useful when the issue is related to TDS or TCS mismatch, wrong tax or interest calculation, arithmetical or clerical mistakes, or incorrect carry-forward of losses. Rectification requests can be filed online through the income tax e-filing portal and remain available even after the December 31 deadline. For most taxpayers, this is the main route to claim or increase a refund in 2026.
Wait it out if your return is still under processing
If your ITR status shows “under processing”, there is no need to rush. The Centralised Processing Centre (CPC) has a fixed time limit to process returns and issue an intimation. If a refund is due and no discrepancies are found, it will be credited automatically along with applicable interest. In case the processing gets delayed beyond the allowed period, taxpayers can raise a grievance on the e-filing portal or through CPGRAMS.
Updated Return (ITR-U): Use with caution
From January 1 onwards, taxpayers can file an Updated Return (ITR-U), but this option has clear limitations. ITR-U can only be used to report additional income or correct under-reported income. It cannot be used to claim a new refund or increase an existing one. In fact, filing an ITR-U usually means paying extra tax along with interest, making it an unsuitable option for those hoping to get a refund.
Next steps to avoid missing your refund
Taxpayers should first check the status of their ITR on the income tax e-filing portal and keep an eye out for the intimation notice once it is issued. If you spot any mismatch or error affecting your refund, file a rectification request without delay. Also, make sure your bank account details are correctly entered and verified on the portal, as incomplete or unverified information can lead to unnecessary refund delays.
Business
India-Israel FTA: Why Trade Talks Are Gaining Momentum; Who Buys What And Why It Matters
New Delhi: India and Israel are moving closer to a free trade agreement (FTA), with both sides preparing for the next round of discussions in January. Officials close to the development say teams from both countries will meet early in the New Year to take forward negotiations that formally began in November.
At that time, India and Israel signed the Terms of Reference, beginning the official start of talks on the proposed FTA. The focus of the agreement is to expand trade flows and encourage greater investment between the two economies.
According to officials, the January meetings will centre on the overall structure of the India-Israel FTA and the plan that will guide negotiations. Israeli trade representatives are expected to travel to India for these discussions.
The engagement comes as recent trade data points to a slowdown in bilateral commerce. During 2024-25, India’s exports to Israel fell by 52 per cent to $2.14 billion, compared with $4.52 billion in 2023-24. Imports from Israel also declined in the last financial year, dropping 26.2 per cent to $1.48 billion. Taken together, total bilateral trade between the two countries stood at $3.62 billion.
Despite the recent dip, India is Israel’s second-largest trading partner in Asia. Trade between the two countries has traditionally been dominated by diamonds, petroleum products and chemicals. Over the years, the basket has widened, with growing exchanges in electronic machinery, high-tech products, communication systems and medical equipment.
When it comes to exports, India sends a wide range of goods to Israel. These include pearls and precious stones, automotive diesel, chemical and mineral products, machinery and electrical equipment, plastics, textiles and garments, base metals, transport equipment and agricultural produce.
Israel’s exports to India also span major sectors. Major items include pearls and precious stones, chemical and mineral products, including fertilisers, machinery and electrical equipment, petroleum oils, defence-related equipment and machinery and transport equipment.
With both sides looking to strengthen economic ties and reverse the recent fall in trade, the upcoming FTA talks are being closely watched as a potential turning point in the India-Israel economic relationship.
Business
State Bank’s reserves edge up to $15.91b | The Express Tribune
Central bank holdings rise $13m as total deposits reach $21b; 2026 starts with softer bullion prices
KARACHI:
Pakistan’s liquid foreign exchange reserves saw a modest increase in the final week of 2025, with the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) reporting a $13 million rise in its holdings.
As of December 26, 2025, the SBP’s foreign currency reserves stood at $15.915 billion, up from $15.902 billion in the previous week. Net reserves held by commercial banks dipped slightly to $5.097 billion, resulting in total liquid foreign reserves of $21.012 billion.
This brings the country’s import cover to an estimated 3.2 months, providing a stable buffer amid ongoing external payments and debt obligations, according to AKD Securities.
Over the past three years from 2023 to 2025, the SBP’s reserves have shown a profound transformation, moving from the brink of crisis to a position of notable recovery and stability. In early 2023, the reserves plummeted to critically low levels, dipping below $3 billion in February, barely enough to cover a few weeks of imports, amid high debt repayments, stalled external financing, and severe balance-of-payments pressures that brought the country perilously close to sovereign default. This nadir reflected years of structural challenges, including elevated import bills and restricted inflows, with import cover falling below one month at its worst.
The turning point came in mid-2023 with the approval of a nine-month, $3 billion Stand-By Arrangement from the IMF in July, supplemented by bilateral support from allies like Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and China, alongside improved remittances and export performance. The reserves began a gradual climb, reaching around $4.5 billion by June 2023 and approximately $8-9 billion by year-end, steadily improving import cover and easing immediate liquidity risks.
Meanwhile, gold prices in Pakistan edged lower on Thursday, tracking losses in the global bullion market. In the domestic market, the price of gold per tola fell by Rs2,400 to settle at Rs454,562.
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