Business
DISCO losses drain Rs397b in FY25 | The Express Tribune
NEPRA report reveals fiscal fixes cut circular debt, but utility performance remains poor
ISLAMABAD:
Pakistan’s public-sector power distribution companies continued to miss key performance benchmarks in FY2024-25, as excessive transmission and distribution (T&D) losses and recovery shortfalls remained the main sources of financial stress in the electricity supply chain, according to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority’s (NEPRA) State of Industry Report 2025.
NEPRA data showed that DISCOs recorded average T&D losses of 17.55% during the year, far higher than the allowed limit of 11.43%. The excess losses created an unrecovered financial impact estimated at Rs265 billion. Despite repeated targets and regulatory oversight, most utilities failed to narrow the gap. The report pointed to persistent inefficiencies, outdated infrastructure and weak enforcement against theft and losses.
Recovery performance also remained below benchmarks. DISCOs achieved an overall recovery rate of 96.62% against the allowed 100%. This resulted in a recovery shortfall of about Rs132.46 billion. Several utilities posted significantly lower recovery ratios, with some falling below 40%. The data highlighted long-standing weaknesses in billing accuracy, collection systems and governance structures.
NEPRA attributed the shortfalls to widespread practices such as incorrect meter readings, excessive detection billing and the issuance of bills to inactive and government accounts that are unlikely to be settled. These practices inflated receivables without generating actual cash recoveries, increasing financial pressure across the sector.
The continued underperformance of public-sector DISCOs remained a key driver of circular debt accumulation. Although the overall stock of circular debt declined in FY2024-25 after exceeding Rs2.39 trillion a year earlier, NEPRA observed that the reduction was largely the result of fiscal measures rather than operational improvements. Public-sector distribution companies remained the dominant contributors.
By contrast, K-Electric (KE), the country’s only privatised distribution utility, did not add to circular debt during the period under review. NEPRA noted that KE absorbed the financial impact of higher losses and lower recoveries internally instead of passing them on to the wider power market. However, KE consumers continued to pay the Debt Servicing Surcharge (DSS), under which Rs35.76 billion was collected on behalf of the federal government.
Operational challenges also extended to workplace safety. Fatal accidents across DISCOs and KE totalled 123 during FY2024-25, compared with 146 in the previous year. NEPRA said each fatality reflected serious deficiencies in safety practices and organisational culture, particularly in public-sector utilities.
Consumer service performance also remained under strain. NEPRA received more than 96,000 consumer complaints through its head office, regional offices and digital platforms during the year. Public-sector DISCOs accounted for most unresolved cases, particularly those related to billing disputes, delayed connections and service quality.
In its assessment of sector reforms, NEPRA noted that nearly three decades after unbundling, most DISCOs remain government-owned, administratively managed and commercially fragile. The regulator concluded that without meaningful structural reforms, circular debt will continue to be passed on to consumers through higher tariffs and fiscal support.
Business
The investment issues Labour must fix before the public can back its bid to join in
On the whole, Britain is not a nation of investors and the government wants that to change.
Following on from Rachel Reeves’ plans last year, the advertising campaign to create more retail investors is underway and with further changes afoot, the overall picture is one of Labour steering savers towards understanding why, and how, they can create better long-term returns with their money.
The cut to the cash ISA limit, however crude and unpopular, is one such upcoming change. We’ve just entered the final year of the £20,000 allowance being able to be put entirely into a cash ISA; as of April 2027, £8,000 of it will be reserved for investing-only. For those who don’t save over that amount annually it’ll make no material difference, but even the existence of the change can be argued is a prod to the consciousness of people to wonder if they should be doing something else entirely.
Then there’s targeted support.
Among industry insiders there is hope this could make a material difference, given time – in essence, those who have significant savings in cash being able to be spoken to by their bank or provider over other options, potentially including investing.
At Innovate Finance this week, a key summit of UK FinTech Week,The Independent heard from a senior executive at one neobank that the average client with them had savings in excess of £15,000 – precisely the sort of consumer who could benefit from targeted support to explain how, over the long term, they might be better off putting a portion of that excess cash into… well, something other than cash, which loses its value over time due to inflation.
Another suggested an uptick in app users branching out from just having current and savings accounts, to other products within their sphere including stocks and shares ISAs – where investing returns will be tax free for consumers.
Economic secretary to the Treasury Lucy Rigby launched the nationwide ad campaign, along with chancellor Ms Reeves, at the London Stock Exchange on Thursday.
“With greater awareness of the benefits of investing, more people will be able to make informed decisions about how to make their savings work harder for them,” Ms Rigby said. “That will mean greater prosperity and financial resilience for households across the country and strengthened domestic capital markets too.”
The aforementioned plans and prospects certainly all align with raising awareness. That is a first step.
But there are greater key issues to deal with.
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The advert campaign with Savvy the squirrel – conversational cab rides, explain-it-all website and more – will hopefully fill some painful gaps in the first instance around British people’s knowledge around the subject. Unlike in the US and several European countries, where investing is fairly commonplace, in the UK it’s not often spoken about, let alone fully understood.
Research from Barclays and their Investment Readiness Index showed this week that over a third of people (34 per cent) say fear of losing money is their main reason for not starting to invest, while nearly a quarter (23 per cent) said they believed there was a chance that a portfolio of well-known global companies could become “totally worthless” within five years.
Barclays’ report added for context that outcome was “an extremely unlikely” one.
But to really change some of those would-be investors’ minds, perhaps the response should have been more blunt. Perhaps the Treasury, the government and the campaign as a whole could stand to be a bit more…direct.
There is, in all probability, next to no chance that such a mix of companies would become worth zero in five years – unless something genuinely catastrophic happens to the world in which case we’ve all got more important issues to deal with than our portfolio performance. Maybe the Barclays report itself could likewise have benefited from feeling more freely able to state as such?
So, yes, financial education is absolutely one part, but so too is the language and understanding and framing of risk for people.
Articles, videos, all the learning activities across the web and within companies to help introduce people to investing – in every one of them you’re liable to find the disclaimer-style warning along the lines of: investments can go up as well as down, you may get back less than you invest and so on. Some find it off-putting to begin with, some barely even notice it.
In the words of the FCA, you must always “give a balanced impression of the benefits and risks of an investment product or service”.
That same pointing-out-of-the-risks wording and tone is another aspect which is being re-evaluated and could be switched up.
Now, while nobody wants that removed or watered down unduly to the point that bad actors or bad products are being pushed on newly introduced people to investing, there is still a misrepresentation of what risk means – it’s not always about you could lose all your money.
And, the reward (in theory) for taking on board risk is the possibility for higher returns, over time, than just cash alone (through interest) would give you.
Industry insiders have long also pointed out that the same – or reverse – warning is not applied to cash savings products: the risk here being you lose buying power over time due to inflation.
So language, as well as education, must remain on the table to improve and perhaps nudge people more forcefully towards a choice which helps them, similarly to reminding them to check employer contributions to their workplace pensions or taking out travel insurance before they fly.

There will still be one remaining gap though, even after people tentatively read the info, breathe in the adverts and eventually follow Savvy the squirrel down a new journey to take the plunge in investing: where are those people starting?
The ad campaign will not direct people to choose a particular platform or product, though many – Barclays, Hargreaves Lansdown, NatWest and more – are sponsoring the campaign and will be placed on the website as a result. But people still have to choose, and that particular analysis paralysis point has already left many ready to take the first steps, but unsure where to place their feet.
There are more new stocks and shares ISA providers available, loads of low-cost platforms as well as established, recognised names to choose from and deciding which suits any given person’s initial investment plan is as much a key decision as parting with their first few pounds in the first place.
It is important, for the long-term wealth of families, that more people start to invest. It is a positive thing that more information is therefore being pushed in front of them, to be able to make that call in an informed fashion.
But the reason it’s all needed in the first place is an overabundance of caution, a generational stepping-away from investing as a run-of-the-mill part of individual money management. Getting Brits back on board might therefore require less, not more, of that gentle approach to remedy the situation.
Business
Bank of England set to hold interest rates despite Iran war pushing up inflation
Bank of England policymakers will “almost certainly” hold interest rates at 3.75% at their meeting next week despite the Iran war pushing up the cost of living, economists have said.
However, experts have said a future interest rate increase could still be a possibility if firms and households continue to face inflationary pressure.
The Bank of England’s nine-strong Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) will vote on whether to maintain, increase or decrease its base interest rate on Thursday April 30.
The Bank will also publish its first full monetary policy report and set of economic forecasts since the conflict between US-Israeli and Iranian forces began in late February.
This week, a raft of economic data has shown that the conflict has helped to drive inflation higher.
Data published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on Wednesday showed that UK Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation lifted to 3.3% in March, a three-month-high, on the back of accelerating fuel prices.
The price of motor fuels jumped by 8.7% month-on-month – the largest increase since June 2022 – as disruption to oil production and transportation drove diesel and petrol prices higher.
Meanwhile on Friday, Bank of England research saw UK firms warn they think food inflation could jump as high as 7% as they increased their inflation outlook for next year.
Other economic data also indicated that activity in the UK economy has been stronger than expected.
The ONS reported the UK economy grew by 0.5% in February, ahead of forecasts of 0.1%, before the conflict began.
Elsewhere, UK retail sales volumes were stronger-than-expected after a boost from fuel, with motorists buying more in March in a bid to stock up amid rising prices.
Despite these figures, economists broadly expect the Bank’s rate-setters to maintain the current interest rate.
Oxford Economics chief UK economist Andrew Goodwin said: “We expect the MPC to keep bank rate unchanged at 3.75%, with most committee members seemingly keen to hold policy at its current restrictive level as they gather more information about how the energy shock is feeding through to the economy.
“Nevertheless, we suspect a minority will opt for a 25 basis point (0.25 percentage point) hike, on the basis that some pre-emptive tightening is a more robust strategy to guard against an inflation outlook where the risks are skewed to the upside.”
Thomas Pugh, chief economist at RSM UK, said the result of the meeting looks “nailed on”.
He said: “The Bank of England (BoE) will almost certainly hold interest rates at 3.75% at its meeting next week, most likely in a unanimous 9-0 vote again.
“The picture of the war in Iran is little clearer than at the last meeting and the value in waiting for more information is significant, given the uncertainty over both the future direction of energy prices and their impact on the economy.”
He indicated however that the “resilience” of some recent data “raises the risk that interest rates will rise in the summer”.
Elliott Jordan-Doak, senior UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, also predicted a unanimous hold vote but also suggested that recent data could drive future concerns over elevated inflation.
He said: “If surveys for May repeat the same pattern, and crucially the ‘dirty’ Middle East ceasefire continues with oil flows disrupted, we think the MPC will be bumped into a hike in June or perhaps July.
“We expect rate setters to hike once this year, in June, before cutting twice in 2027 to leave interest rates at 3.5%.”
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