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Atomic neighborhoods in semiconductors provide new avenue for designing microelectronics

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Atomic neighborhoods in semiconductors provide new avenue for designing microelectronics


An illustration of the semiconductor material investigated for this study, which is composed of germanium with small amounts of silicon and tin. The germanium atoms are depicted as gray spheres, the silicon as red and tin as blue. Credit: Minor et al/Berkeley Lab

Inside the microchips powering the device you’re reading this on, the atoms have a hidden order all their own. A team led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and George Washington University has confirmed that atoms in semiconductors will arrange themselves in distinctive localized patterns that change the material’s electronic behavior.

The research, published in Science, may provide a foundation for designing specialized semiconductors for quantum-computing and optoelectronic devices for defense technologies.

On the , semiconductors are crystals made of different elements arranged in repeating . Many semiconductors are made primarily of one element with a few others added to the mix in small quantities. There aren’t enough of these trace additives to cause a throughout the material, but how these atoms are arranged next to their immediate neighbors has long been a mystery.

Do the rare ingredients just settle randomly among the predominant atoms during material synthesis, or do the atoms have preferred arrangements, a phenomenon seen in other materials called short-range order (SRO)? Until now, no microscopy or characterization technique could zoom in close enough, and with enough clarity, to examine tiny regions of the crystal structure and directly interpret the SRO.

“It’s an interesting scientific question because SRO dramatically changes the properties of a material. Our colleagues have predicted SRO theoretically in semiconductors, but this is the first time the individual structure of these SRO domains has been shown experimentally,” said co-lead author Andrew Minor, director of the National Center for Electron Microscopy at Berkeley Lab’s Molecular Foundry and a professor of Materials Science and Engineering at UC Berkeley.

Minor’s lab is part of the Center for Manipulation of Atomic Ordering for Manufacturing Semiconductors (µ-Atoms), a Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Frontier Research Center focused on understanding atomic ordering in semiconductors. “Our results are exciting because the property that’s being changed by this local ordering is the most important property for microelectronics, the band gap, which is what controls the electronic properties,” he said.

The breakthrough moment came when first author Lilian Vogl, who was then a postdoctoral researcher in Minor’s lab, was studying a sample of germanium containing a small amount of tin and silicon using a powerful type of recently pioneered by the group called 4D-STEM. The initial results were too muddled to parse the faint signals from the electrons diffracting off the tin and silicon from the strong signals off the tidily arranged germanium, so she implemented an energy-filtering device on the system to improve contrast.

When the next dataset started appearing on her monitor, she quickly realized there was a new kind of result. The faint signals were clearer, and repeating patterns emerged, indicating that the atoms have preferred order after all.

To validate her findings and learn what these patterns meant, Vogl collected more data with the energy-filtering 4D-STEM and used a pre-trained neural network to sort the diffraction images. The tool identified six recurring motifs representing particular atomic arrangements in the sample material, but the Berkeley Lab team still couldn’t determine the exact atomic structures that were generating the motifs. To interpret their experimental results, they turned to µ-Atoms collaborators at George Washington University led by co-lead author Tianshu Li, a professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Li’s team generated a highly accurate and efficient machine-learning potential capable of modeling millions of atoms in the material’s structure, allowing Vogl to perform simulated 4D-STEM on different possible structural arrangements until she found matches for the motifs in the experimental data.

“It’s remarkable that modeling and experiment can work seamlessly to unravel SRO structural motifs for the first time,” said Li, whose team had previously predicted SRO and its impact and helped motivate the current study.

“Proving SRO experimentally is not an easy task, let alone identifying its structural motifs. Signals from SRO can easily be obscured by defects or inherent movement of atoms at room temperature, and until now there was no clear way to separate them. This work represents the first step toward our broader goal.”

Shunda Chen, a research scientist in Li’s group who developed the model, said, “With these models, which combine machine learning with first-principles calculations, we can replicate experimental procedures with high fidelity and pinpoint the structural motifs that would otherwise remain hidden.”

Follow-up work initiated by other µ-Atoms members at the University of Arkansas and at Sandia National Laboratories is already yielding insights into how these short range-order motifs affect the semiconductor’s electronic properties, and the scientists hope that manipulating the order to enable new types of devices and processing routes will be possible soon.

“We’re going to be able to really push the boundaries beyond current capabilities by designing semiconductors at the atomic scale,” said Vogl, who is now group leader of the Environmental & Analytical Electron Microscopy Group at the Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials.

“We are opening the door to a new era of information technology at the atomic scale, unlocking the deterministic placement of SRO motifs for tailoring of band structures that could impact a wide variety of technologies, from topological quantum materials to neuromorphic computing to optical detectors.”

More information:
Lilian M. Vogl et al, Identification of short-range ordering motifs in semiconductors, Science (2025). DOI: 10.1126/science.adu0719

Citation:
Atomic neighborhoods in semiconductors provide new avenue for designing microelectronics (2025, September 25)
retrieved 25 September 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-09-atomic-neighborhoods-semiconductors-avenue-microelectronics.html

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The New Era of Militia Influencers

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The New Era of Militia Influencers


Just over a week into the US and Israel’s war with Iran, Eric Roscher, an Air Force veteran, published a YouTube video on what he describes as the “very real concerns surrounding sleeper cells and terrorist threats” in the US.

The video, titled “Credible DOMESTIC Threat? FBI warns of attack—Drills/Considerations for the Prepared Citizen,” was produced by Roscher’s Florida-based company Barrel and Hatchet, which runs military-style training, sells branded merchandise and tactical gear, and produces online content. In the video, Roscher and his associates advise viewers to carry “extra mags” and “that truck gun,” while keeping “your head on a swivel.” Toward the end of the post, Roscher shows off a tactical vest that’s on sale from one of the video’s sponsors.

The video, which is part of YouTube’s monetization program and has a total of eight ads, has been viewed over 110,000 times. (YouTube did not respond to a request for comment.)

Barrel and Hatchet is not a militia, but the company and Roscher are part of a broader rebranding of the entire militia movement in the US, one that is focused less on showing up at drag queen story hours and more on expensive weapons, manly sweatshirts, and highly curated Instagram grids.

Influencers like Roscher produce slickly edited content that is then shared widely among militia groups on platforms like Instagram, in an effort to promote not only their ideology but also, crucially, links to their online stores and training sessions. In turn, those same militias emulate Roscher by posting their own videos and images of weekend training sessions in the woods, close-ups of their camo gear and rifles, and slo-mo footage of live firing drills. The give-and-take between these groups, and the influencers and military members they seek to emulate, marks a new era of American militias, where gaining followers and earning clout on social media is as important as being able to hit a target from 300 yards.

Roscher and these modern militia groups, with names like River Valley Minutemen and Mountain State Contingency Group, have positioned themselves as emergency response organizations working to help their communities and prepare citizens to “weather the storm”—whatever, or wherever, that may be. They use real-world events like the Iran war and ICE attacks on immigrant communities to spread fear, leveraging that fear to recruit new members.

These influencers are filling a gap in the US militia landscape, which has changed dramatically in recent years. With the Oath Keepers and Proud Boys largely disbanded in the wake of prosecutions over the January 6 attack on the Capitol, these influencers and groups have filled the vacuum, resulting in a decentralized network of local groups and people who support or emulate the previous movement—albeit in smaller, local ways.

“What used to be a national movement, with groups like Oath Keepers and Three Percenters, has really gone back to their local and regional roots,” says Travis McAdam, a senior analyst with the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) who tracks militias and anti-government groups. “A lot of them have really tried to reframe themselves as auxiliary emergency preparedness groups and have done quite a bit to reform their reputation post-January 6, portraying themselves as ‘oh, we’re just here to help the community.’”

This is a new era of militia recruitment and influence—and it’s all happening in social feeds near you.

The Militia Business

Dirty Civilian is a Tennessee-based group of influencers that describes itself as “prepared citizens inspiring and informing capable men to build strong families and resilient communities” in order “to weather the storms ahead.” The group doesn’t specify what those storms are, but in one YouTube video published on Sunday, Dirty Civilian outlined a scenario where a group of vigilantes take it upon themselves to assassinate someone they believe is a pedophile. The Dirty Civilian channel has almost 750,000 subscribers, and the video, which is monetized, racked up over 100,000 views on YouTube in its first 24 hours. Multiple militia groups reposted the video on Instagram.

“It’s almost like a tutorial or something,” one commenter wrote under the video. “Food for thought at least.” Another commenter, using the acronym for minor-attracted person, a term some online communities use to refer to pedophiles, wrote: “A show that could inspire the targeting of MAPs? FANTASTIC.”



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SpaceLocker launches first shared satellite mission | Computer Weekly

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SpaceLocker launches first shared satellite mission | Computer Weekly


In-orbit hosting services provider SpaceLocker is claiming to have reached a milestone in its history by transitioning into the ranks of satellite operators and towards a gateway to space through Out of the Box, a shared satellite model offering a direct response to both economic and environmental challenges.

SpaceLocker was founded in 2022 with the aim of becoming a global reference for access to orbit.

In the long term, the company aims to operate across multiple orbital regimes, scale its mission cadence and open space to a new generation of users.

Rather than multiplying dedicated satellites, the French orbital hosting firm said it was maximising existing capacity by hosting multiple missions on a single platform. This approach, it believes, not only reduces costs, but also helps limit space debris and decrease total mass launched into orbit.

The new phase for SpaceLocker comes a year after its first in-orbit mission, and Out of the Box is its first fully owned and operated satellite. At the core of the new service is a patented “universal space port” technology, comparable to a USB port for satellites. Plug-and-play and payload-agnostic, it is designed to transform satellites into shared infrastructures capable of hosting multiple payloads simultaneously.

Offering more detail on this transition from dedicated satellites to a “space cloud”, the company said that until now, sending technology to orbit required designing or procuring an entire satellite – a long, costly and inflexible process that has remained largely unchanged for decades. In addition, it argued that currently, nearly one in five space missions is dedicated to technology demonstration, yet these opportunities remain complex and expensive to execute. By simplifying access to orbit, SpaceLocker said it was positioning itself as a key enabler of space innovation.

“We want to do for space what cloud computing did for IT: shift from ownership to shared infrastructure,” said SpaceLocker CEO and co-founder Théophile Lagraulet. “In the future, sending an instrument to orbit won’t require building a satellite. Access to space can become a standardised service.”

With Out of the Box, SpaceLocker says it has reached a key inflection point – becoming a satellite operator and building its own mission portfolio, demonstrating rapid execution in a sector known for long development cycles.

It is deploying a 16U CubeSat (~20kg) carrying five European customers – making access to space possible without building a dedicated satellite. Customers develop their payloads independently and integrate them into a standardised “container” using the company’s universal space port. SpaceLocker then manages the full orbital stack, from integration to operations. 

The company claims that such a model reduces costs “dramatically”, up to three times cheaper than traditional missions, while cutting time-to-orbit in half. It also significantly lowers environmental impact through resource sharing, and helps limit space debris and decrease total mass launched into orbit.

The Out of the Box mission carries five payloads from across the European ecosystem, showcasing the diversity of next-generation space applications. Among the customers onboard, the Out of the Box mission brings together four European players.

EDGX, which develops technologies that enable compute in orbit, will demonstrate edge computing capabilities, enabling satellites to process data onboard and reduce reliance on ground infrastructure. Fédération Open Space Makers will fly FOSM-1, a payload dedicated to amateur radio and open communication experiments, supported by CNES. Solar MEMS will operate a high-precision star tracker for satellite orientation, while Arcsec will test two advanced star trackers to demonstrate high-performance attitude determination for small satellites.



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The Best Babbel Promo Codes and Deals for April 2026

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The Best Babbel Promo Codes and Deals for April 2026


I’ve been trying to become fluent in Spanish for the last decade. After spending most of my adult life surrounded by multilinguals, I often feel like I’m playing an impossible game of catch-up. Like everyone else, I’ve tried to become regimented with practicing on an in-phone app like Duolingo, which attempts to ‘game-ify’ language learning, but mostly ends up with a sad and sick-looking green bird icon guilting me to practice every time I open up my phone.

Babbel aims to help people actually learn the language through practical conversation and grammar, using proven pedagogical methods and speech recognition technology. Each lesson is short, with 10 to 15 minute lessons developed by a team of over 150 linguists. Instead of learning the same simple phrases in ad-ridden games on an endless loop, take charge of your language learning this year and make that commitment a reality. No more excuses—we’ve got a Babbel promo code and a Babbel coupon to help you hit your goals. Maybe you’ll be fluent by your next vacation (or at least able to order a chopped cheese with confidence at the bodega).

Unlock Your Babbel Promo Code and Save Big in April 2026

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