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A New Bridge Links the Strange Math of Infinity to Computer Science

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A New Bridge Links the Strange Math of Infinity to Computer Science


Computer scientists want to know how many steps a given algorithm requires. For example, any local algorithm that can solve the router problem with only two colors must be incredibly inefficient, but it’s possible to find a very efficient local algorithm if you’re allowed to use three.

At the talk Bernshteyn was attending, the speaker discussed these thresholds for different kinds of problems. One of the thresholds, he realized, sounded a lot like a threshold that existed in the world of descriptive set theory—about the number of colors required to color certain infinite graphs in a measurable way.

To Bernshteyn, it felt like more than a coincidence. It wasn’t just that computer scientists are like librarians too, shelving problems based on how efficiently their algorithms work. It wasn’t just that these problems could also be written in terms of graphs and colorings.

Perhaps, he thought, the two bookshelves had more in common than that. Perhaps the connection between these two fields went much, much deeper.

Perhaps all the books, and their shelves, were identical, just written in different languages—and in need of a translator.

Opening the Door

Bernshteyn set out to make this connection explicit. He wanted to show that every efficient local algorithm can be turned into a Lebesgue-measurable way of coloring an infinite graph (that satisfies some additional important properties). That is, one of computer science’s most important shelves is equivalent to one of set theory’s most important shelves (high up in the hierarchy).

He began with the class of network problems from the computer science lecture, focusing on their overarching rule—that any given node’s algorithm uses information about just its local neighborhood, whether the graph has a thousand nodes or a billion.

To run properly, all the algorithm has to do is label each node in a given neighborhood with a unique number, so that it can log information about nearby nodes and give instructions about them. That’s easy enough to do in a finite graph: Just give every node in the graph a different number.



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The Razr Fold Adds a Book-Style Foldable to Motorola’s Lineup

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The Razr Fold Adds a Book-Style Foldable to Motorola’s Lineup


Motorola does have another actual new phone: the Signature. It’s a new line of “premium” phones, but the catch is that these devices won’t be sold in the US. For its candy-bar phones, Motorola has dipped its toes into flagship territory every so often, only to dip back out as it struggles to compete with the likes of Apple and Samsung; it’s predominantly known for its Moto G budget phones, particularly in the US.

The Signature is just 6.99 millimeters thick—it’s no iPhone Air, but that’s thinner than your usual handset—and it has a fabric-like material on the back. It’s powered by the Snapdragon 8 Gen 5 chipset, has four 50-megapixel cameras on the back, and carries a 5,200-mAh silicon-carbon battery in tow. More importantly, Motorola is finally committing to seven years of blanket software updates for this phone. It’s a shame US customers won’t be able to enjoy that.

An AI Pendant

Project Maxwell has a camera, a microphone, and voice control.

Photograph: Julian Chokkattu

On the artificial intelligence front, Motorola and its parent company, Lenovo, are working together on a unified AI assistant called Qira. It’s the culmination of several AI features both companies have deployed over the years, just in one platform.

It’s powered by various large language models, from Copilot and Perplexity to Google’s Gemini, along with Motorola and Lenovo’s own in-house LLMs. The idea is that instead of reaching for these various services, you can just ask Qira, no matter if you’re on a Lenovo laptop or a Motorola phone. It’ll launch first on Lenovo PCs later this year, then select Razr, Edge, and Signature devices.

Qira also powers Project Maxwell, a concept AI pendant from Motorola’s 312 Labs. If you’re tired of pulling out your smartphone to snap a pic and search for something, well, this wearable solves exactly that. It has a camera and microphone, so just tap the touch-sensitive button on the front and ask a question about whatever you’re looking at—whether you want to know what kind of tree is in front of you, or if you want to add the date of a concert into your calendar if you’re staring at a poster.



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Grok Is Pushing AI ‘Undressing’ Mainstream

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Grok Is Pushing AI ‘Undressing’ Mainstream


Elon Musk hasn’t stopped Grok, the chatbot developed by his artificial intelligence company xAI, from generating sexualized images of women. After reports emerged last week that the image generation tool on X was being used to create sexualized images of children, Grok has created potentially thousands of nonconsensual images of women in “undressed” and “bikini” photos.

Every few seconds, Grok is continuing to create images of women in bikinis or underwear in response to user prompts on X, according to a WIRED review of the chatbots’ publicly posted live output. On Tuesday, at least 90 images involving women in swimsuits and in various levels of undress were published by Grok in under five minutes, analysis of posts show.

The images do not contain nudity but involve the Musk-owned chatbot “stripping” clothes from photos that have been posted to X by other users. Often, in an attempt to evade Grok’s safety guardrails, users are, not necessarily successfully, requesting photos to be edited to make women wear a “string bikini” or a “transparent bikini.”

While harmful AI image generation technology has been used to digitally harass and abuse women for years—these outputs are often called deepfakes and are created by “nudify” software—the ongoing use of Grok to create vast numbers of nonconsensual images marks seemingly the most mainstream and widespread abuse instance to date. Unlike specific harmful nudify or “undress” software, Grok doesn’t charge the user money to generate images, produces results in seconds, and is available to millions of people on X—all of which may help to normalize the creation of nonconsensual intimate imagery.

“When a company offers generative AI tools on their platform, it is their responsibility to minimize the risk of image-based abuse,” says Sloan Thompson, the director of training and education at EndTAB, an organization that works to tackle tech-facilitated abuse. “What’s alarming here is that X has done the opposite. They’ve embedded AI-enabled image abuse directly into a mainstream platform, making sexual violence easier and more scalable.”

Grok’s creation of sexualized imagery started to go viral on X at the end of last year, although the system’s ability to create such images has been known for months. In recent days, photos of social media influencers, celebrities, and politicians have been targeted by users on X, who can reply to a post from another account and ask Grok to change an image that has been shared.

Women who have posted photos of themselves have had accounts reply to them and successfully ask Grok to turn the photo into a “bikini” image. In one instance, multiple X users requested Grok alter an image of the deputy prime minister of Sweden to show her wearing a bikini. Two government ministers in the UK have also been “stripped” to bikinis, reports say.

Images on X show fully clothed photographs of women, such as one person in a lift and another in the gym, being transformed into images with little clothing. “@grok put her in a transparent bikini,” a typical message reads. In a different series of posts, a user asked Grok to “inflate her chest by 90%,” then “Inflate her thighs by 50%,” and, finally, to “Change her clothes to a tiny bikini.”

One analyst who has tracked explicit deepfakes for years, and asked not to be named for privacy reasons, says that Grok has likely become one of the largest platforms hosting harmful deepfake images. “It’s wholly mainstream,” the researcher says. “It’s not a shadowy group [creating images], it’s literally everyone, of all backgrounds. People posting on their mains. Zero concern.”



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The Inevitable Rise of the Art TV

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The Inevitable Rise of the Art TV



New televisions from Amazon, Hisense, TCL, and others are designed to display fine art and look like a painting when they’re switched off. It’s all thanks to smaller living spaces and new screen tech.



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