Business
FTSE 100 closes higher as gold and oil climb
The FTSE 100 made steady progress on Monday, despite underperforming European peers, supported by gains in the price of gold and oil.
The FTSE 100 index closed up 13.23 points, 0.1%, at 9,221.14. The FTSE 250 ended 108.91 points higher, 0.5%, at 21,684.45 and the AIM All-Share finished up 4.10 points, 0.5%, at 769.73.
In Europe, the CAC 40 in Paris ended up 0.9%, before a no-confidence vote which could see France’s Prime Minister Francois Bayrou step down, while the DAX 40 in Frankfurt closed 0.9% higher.
In France, opposition parties across the board have made it clear they will vote against Mr Bayrou’s minority government, making it highly improbable that he will get enough backing to survive: he needs a majority of the 577 MPs in the National Assembly.
Mr Bayrou himself, who according to officials has invited his ministers for farewell drinks on Monday evening, appears to acknowledge that his time has run out.
In remarks on Sunday, he criticised political parties that he said “hate each other” and yet were joining forces “to bring down the government”.
In New York, at the time of the London equities market close, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 0.1%, the S&P 500 rose 0.3%, while the Nasdaq Composite climbed 0.7%.
Gold jumped to 3,644.14 dollars an ounce against 3,589.49 dollars on Friday.
Stephen Innes of SPI Asset Management said gold’s gains are the “logical crescendo of a market where rate-cut wagers, political meddling and creeping stagflation fears are converging into a perfect tailwind for bullion”.
Mr Innes pointed out that gold has gained 9% in the past three weeks and nearly 40% in the year to date.
“The real rate profile is heading negative again, and gold thrives when bonds can’t keep pace with inflation,” he added.
But he noted there was more to gold’s gains than just “monetary arithmetic”.
“The political backdrop has turned gold into the ultimate protest asset. Trump’s tariff salvos have already juiced stagflation chatter, and his courtroom push to fire Fed governor Lisa Cook is cutting straight to the heart of central bank independence.
“Traders know this script – when faith in the Fed wobbles, gold becomes the one institution that doesn’t default, dilute or lie,” Mr Innes said.
The pound rose to 1.3545 dollars late on Monday afternoon in London, compared with 1.3527 dollars at the equities close on Friday.
The euro edged up to 1.1749 dollars, against 1.1743 dollars. Against the yen, the dollar was trading higher at 147.60 yen compared with 146.94 yen.
The yield on the US 10-year Treasury was quoted at 4.05%, narrowed from 4.07% on Friday. The yield on the US 30-year Treasury was quoted at 4.71%, trimmed from 4.79%.
On the FTSE 100, Marks & Spencer rose 2.9% as Citi upgraded it to ‘buy’ from ‘neutral’.
With the shares 18% below “pre-cyber levels, we see an attractive entry point for a business with good underlying momentum,” Citi said in a research note, noting April’s cyber attack.
The broker thinks the retailer is gaining share with younger customers in fashion, and seeing a larger mix of ‘bigger baskets’ in food.
Entain rose 1.2%, amid reports that it is looking to sell its Australian venues business, comprising market-leading pub poker provider Australian Poker League and a booming trivia arm.
The Australian Financial Review said the gambling operator, which owns Ladbrokes and Coral, has issued preliminary sales documents to private equity firms with the goal of offloading a business it views as non-core.
Babcock International Group climbed 1.7%, after a well-received investor presentation on Friday.
The “Marine Investor Day gave us confidence that there is upside risk to the mid-single-digit growth guidance for the division and a clear pathway to the 9% (plus) margin”, said Jefferies analyst Chloe Lemarie.
But Phoenix Group fell 7.6%, after mixed first-half results.
The London-based retirement savings firm reported better-than-expected operating profit, but this was offset by a larger-than-forecast drop in IFRS shareholders’ equity – an area of investor focus for Phoenix.
Meanwhile, ingredients maker Treatt Group leapt 18%, after accepting a £156.6 million offer from Natara Global Ltd.
Natara makes “aroma ingredients” for the flavour and fragrance sectors. It is based in Hartlepool, England and is majority-owned by the UK and European private equity firm Exponent.
FTSE 100 index heavyweights BP rose 0.7% and Shell firmed 0.4% as the oil price climbed.
A barrel of Brent traded at 66.31 dollars late on Monday afternoon, up from 65.14 dollars on Friday.
The oil price rose after eight key members of the Opec+ alliance said on Sunday that they have decided to increase production by 137,000 barrels per day (bpd) from next month. Those countries had already increased production by 2.2 million bpd in recent months.
The energy alliance raised output by around 550,000 per day in both August and September this year.
The biggest risers on the FTSE 100 were Marks & Spencer, up 9.9 pence at 352.1p, Fresnillo, up 60.0p at 2,178.0p, Croda International, up 60.0p at 2,525.0p, Howden Joinery, up 19.0p at 855.5p and ICG, up 42.0p at 2,192.0p.
The biggest fallers on the FTSE 100 were Phoenix Group, down 51.0p at 619.0p, Diageo, down 74.5p at 1,959.5p, Airtel Africa, down 5.6p at 215.6p, Haleon, down 6.7p at 359.0p and Unilever, down 73.0p at 4,696.0p.
Tuesday’s local corporate calendar has full-year results from homewares retailer Dunelm and half-year results from transport operator Mobico and technology group Computacenter.
The global economic calendar on Tuesday has French industrial production data and the British Retail Consortium retail sales monitor.
Later in the week, US inflation figures and the ECB interest rate decision, both on Thursday, will be closely watched.
Contributed by Alliance News
New Delhi: Many bank customers are unsure whether bank branches are open or closed today, Saturday, December 20, 2025, leaving them confused about whether to step out for important work or postpone their visit. With different banking schedules on weekends and varying services available on Saturdays, people are keen to know if branches are operating today or if it’s better to wait until a regular weekday.
Bank Holiday Status Today: Are Branches Open on December 20, 2025?
Banks are open today, as December 20, 2025 falls on the third Saturday of the month. In India, bank branches remain closed on the second and fourth Saturdays, while they operate normally on the first, third, and fifth Saturdays. Since today is the third Saturday, customers can visit physical bank branches for their regular banking needs.
Banking Services Available Even on Holidays
Even if banks are closed on a holiday, you don’t have to worry about urgent transactions. Online banking and mobile banking apps continue to work, even on national holidays, unless the bank informs customers in advance about maintenance or technical issues. For cash withdrawals and payments, you can rely on ATMs, internet banking, fintech apps, and UPI services, which remain available round the clock.
December 2025 Bank Holidays: State-Wise List to Keep in Mind
Here’s a quick look at bank holidays falling in different states during December 2025, so you can plan your branch visits accordingly:
December 20, 2025 (Saturday): Banks remain closed in Sikkim on account of the Losoong and Namsoong festival.
December 22, 2025 (Monday): Banks are again closed in Sikkim to mark the Losoong and Namsoong festival.
December 24, 2025 (Wednesday): Banks will be shut in Mizoram, Nagaland and Meghalaya due to Christmas Eve.
December 25, 2025 (Thursday): Banks across India remain closed to celebrate Christmas.
December 26, 2025 (Friday): Banks are closed in Mizoram, Nagaland and Meghalaya as part of Christmas celebrations.
December 27, 2025 (Saturday): Banks remain closed in Nagaland on account of Christmas.
December 30, 2025 (Tuesday): Banks are closed in Meghalaya to observe the death anniversary of U Kiang Nangbah.
December 31, 2025 (Wednesday): Banks are shut in Mizoram and Manipur for New Year’s Eve and Imoinu Iratpa festival.
Last Updated:
Modi government’s VB G RAM G Bill replaces MGNREGA, raising job days from 100 to 125, boosting tech-driven transparency, and enhancing state flexibility amid Opposition protests.
Since FY15, the cumulative budgetary allocation to MGNREGA has reached Rs 8.64 lakh crore, about 3.6 times that of the UPA period.
As the Modi government introduced the VB G RAM G Bill — Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) in the Lok Sabha, replacing MGNREGA, the Opposition, including the Congress, vociferously protested and tore copies of the legislation in the well of the House, irked by the absence of Mahatma Gandhi’s name. Realising its bankruptcy of issues, the Congress latched onto this matter hurriedly, without examining the fine print—where none existed. What the Congress fails to acknowledge is that rural employment schemes have existed since the 1960s, and even MGNREGA did not carry Mahatma Gandhi’s name when the Bill was legislated in 2005.
Improvements to MGNREGA since 2014-15
The implementation of MGNREGA during the UPA years was riddled with weak oversight, patchy execution, and relatively shallow budget allocations. Since FY15, the cumulative budgetary allocation to MGNREGA has reached Rs 8.64 lakh crore, about 3.6 times that of the UPA period. This includes stepped-up expenditure of Rs 1.12 lakh crore during crisis periods such as the Covid pandemic.
This exponential increase in allocation translated into visible improvements in women’s participation, person-days generated, and the creation of durable rural assets. Unlike the UPA era, digitisation and geotagging of photographs have aided in improving transparency and facilitating timely payment of wages.
However, despite the ramp-up in implementation, several irregularities and structural issues — such as fake job cards, chronic delays in wage payments, quality and durability deficits in assets, and accountability gaps — have been highlighted in various Departmentally Related Standing Committee reports.
The Bill: Differentiation across multiple dimensions
The new Bill represents a comprehensive revamp of MGNREGA while retaining the core employment guarantee. It raises the guaranteed wage employment from 100 days to 125 days per household per financial year, covering more than a third of the year. While convergence, saturation, and a whole-of-government approach existed operationally under MGNREGA, these principles have now been formally embedded in the legislation, reinforcing the commitment to rural resilience and prosperity.
The Bill also mandates that wage payments be made within seven days of completion of work, compared to the earlier ceiling of 15 days.
The most defining feature of the Bill is its emphasis on technology-enabled planning, transparency, and accountability. All Viksit Gram Panchayat Plans will be aggregated into the Viksit Bharat National Rural Infrastructure Stack and integrated with the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan to enable spatially optimised infrastructure development. Artificial intelligence will also be leveraged for planning, audits, and fraud-risk mitigation.
Biometric authentication of workers, mobile application-based and dashboard-based monitoring systems providing real-time visibility of demand, works, workforce deployment, payments, and progress, along with weekly public disclosure mechanisms — both digital and physical — covering key metrics, muster rolls, payments, sanctions, inspections, and grievance redressal — form a robust technology-driven transparency and accountability framework.
Enhancing responsibility, predictability, flexibility, and accountability for states
Earlier, states received 32 percent devolution from central taxes. This was increased to 42 percent by the Fourteenth Finance Commission. In alignment with this shift, VB G RAM G will be implemented as a centrally sponsored scheme with a 60:40 Centre-state funding pattern, replacing the earlier central sector structure.
States will also have greater flexibility to allocate funds, based on Viksit Gram Panchayat Plans, to those gram panchayats that need them the most, thereby addressing regional disparities more effectively. The Bill introduces normative allocations, enabling states to better predict finances and plan works in advance.
With technology-driven governance and the liability resting on states to provide unemployment allowance if work is not provided within 15 days, states are firmly brought within the accountability framework. When analysed together, the employment guarantee and panchayat plans clearly reinforce the demand-driven character embedded in the Bill.
Relief for farmers and support to agriculture
Agriculture and allied activities play a critical role in food security and contribute significantly to GDP. As the annadata is a key stakeholder in the vision of Viksit Bharat, farmer welfare remains a core focus of the Modi government. Initiatives such as PM-KISAN, PMFBY, the announcement of 50 percent returns over cost in MSP, and GST 2.0 reforms, including a reduction in GST on key farm inputs to five percent, reflect this commitment.
Yet, persistent challenges remain in agricultural production, with implications for food security. One major issue is the chronic labour shortage during peak sowing and harvesting periods. This concern was also flagged by the Standing Committee on Rural Development in its 2012–13 report on MGNREGA, which noted that MGNREGA works during peak agricultural seasons adversely affect labour availability for farming. While the department acknowledged the issue, it had earlier rejected a blanket ban on works during peak periods.
Recognising this challenge, and considering that over 80 percent of farmers are small and marginal, farm mechanisation levels remain low, and more than 45 percent of the cost of cultivation is labour-related, the Bill empowers states to notify, in advance, a period aggregating up to 60 days in a financial year covering peak sowing and harvesting seasons during which works under the scheme will not be undertaken. This ensures adequate availability of farm labour during critical agricultural operations.
Another major concern is that over 50 percent of India’s net sown area remains monsoon-dependent, exposing food production to high rainfall variability. With water security identified as one of the four thematic focus areas, water-related works such as irrigation support and groundwater recharge will strengthen agricultural resilience. The other thematic focus areas—connectivity, storage, and protection from extreme weather—also provide direct and indirect support to farmers.
Conclusion
The transformative VB G RAM G Bill represents continuity rather than rupture, carrying forward the spirit embedded in MGNREGA while addressing its structural shortcomings. By raising the employment guarantee from 100 to 125 days, strengthening execution through technology-enabled planning, payments, and oversight, and enhancing state participation and accountability, the Bill seeks to elevate rural employment guarantees to the next level.
In doing so, states are also poised to reap positive spillover effects across agriculture and rural infrastructure, making VB G RAM G a more holistic instrument for rural development in a Viksit Bharat.
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December 20, 2025, 07:32 IST
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NDA functionaries, including ministers, would soon hit the ground to explain and create more awareness about benefits of the new rural employment guarantee scheme VB G-RAM-G, which has replaced the UPA-era MNREGA, to negate the opposition’s narrative. This was discussed at Friday’s Cabinet meeting, which PM Modi chaired soon after his foreign trip, sources said.TOI has learnt rural development and agriculture minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan briefed the key provisions of the new scheme to all ministers while urging them to take the message to people. Sources said the PM was also of the similar view for creating more awareness about the new law. Opposition parties may soon carry out protests against the new scheme, particularly for dropping the name of Mahatma Gandhi and increasing burden on the state govts.
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