Business
Funding railways, dams from overseas Pakistanis | The Express Tribune
KARACHI:
The catastrophic floods in Pakistan have left a trail of devastation across our economy, society, and environment. More than 1,700 lives were lost in 2022, with 33 million citizens affected, 2.1 million displaced, and 10% of the country submerged.
Agriculture – the backbone of our exports – was crippled, with farmland, homes, and infrastructure worth up to $40 billion destroyed. Once again in 2025, Punjab’s breadbasket is underwater: over 2,000 villages and thousands of farms submerged, disrupting wheat and cotton output and endangering food security. These recurring tragedies underscore the fragility of our economy in the face of climate change and lack of infrastructure.
No dams, no railways, no growth
Pakistan’s grievance is valid – we contribute less than 0.5% of global CO2 emissions, yet we bear disproportionate climate costs. But blaming the external environment is not enough. Weak urban planning, illegal encroachments, lack of water reservoirs, and ineffective early-warning systems amplified the destruction. We cannot afford to remain reactive; prevention and resilience must become national priorities.
Another equally paralysing challenge has been the decade-long delay in financing Pakistan’s mainline railway from Karachi to Peshawar. In 2013, the then PML-N leadership promised a bullet train. Ambitious, yes – but unrealistic. A 160 km/h modern rail network may lack the glamour of bullet trains, yet it would transform passenger and freight movement, cut travel time, and integrate our economy. The tragedy is not the lack of vision, but the absence of financing to turn the second-best into reality.
Financing the missing link
What is common between flood rehabilitation and railway modernisation – financing. Both are big-ticket projects costing $4-10 billion over five to seven years, requiring more dollars than any IMF bailout can provide.
An IMF programme, after all, is not about dollars from Washington; it is about international endorsement – unlocking bilateral, multilateral, capital market, and friendly-nation financing. Yet, we have boxed ourselves into dependency, forever waiting for others to fund what is existentially important to us.
Your author has consistently argued for crowdfunding infrastructure through Shariah-compliant, dollar-denominated savings instruments. Pakistanis at home and abroad must be given the opportunity to invest directly in their nation’s future. These projects are asset-backed – rail lines, stations, land, bridges – which can be pledged to create Islamic structures attractive to retail savers, high-net-worth individuals, pension funds, and insurers alike. The Roshan Digital Account (RDA) platform is tailor-made for this mobilisation.
Overseas Pakistanis to pour in dollars
As of June 2025, a net $1.4 billion remains outstanding in Naya Pakistan Certificates after maturities. Why stop there? Launch a new instrument – Roshan Pakistan Assets (RPA) or Pakistan Resilience Fund (PRF) – with a 10-year maturity, offering 8.25% return in dollars.
Add non-financial incentives: airline miles, retail discounts, waived passport or NADRA fees, and recognition as eligible collateral for bank loans. Let every Pakistani saver feel that their dollar not only earns but also builds Pakistan.
Do not fear the repayment risk. Already, of the $11 billion gross raised through RDAs, nearly two-thirds has been invested locally, reducing outflow pressure. These funds circulate within Pakistan, for Pakistanis, and are reinvested in our own economy. The greater risk is complacency – rolling over bilateral loans and IMF tranches indefinitely. We must take ownership of our destiny, fund our own resilience, and demand recognition on the global stage not as borrowers, but as builders of our own tomorrow.
The writer is an independent economic analyst
Business
It has never been easier to start investing. As more take advantage, should you?
When you think of an investor, what kind of person comes to mind? What are their interests, their job? Are they an older man wearing a pin-striped suit and a bowler hat?
It might surprise you that the average investor age in the UK is 49 years old – down from 55 years old over the last five years.
And with more than 13 million DIY investor accounts in the UK, it’s likely that the average investor looks more like one of your mates than someone out of The Wolf of Wall Street.
The UK is historically quite wary of investing, and it’s been something that the financial industry and governments have been trying to tackle for years.
We’re starting to see the fruits of these efforts trickle through; latest Boring Money data reveals that DIY investing accounts grew over 19 per cent in the last year. Roughly one-third of the population now invests, up from about a quarter in 2020, and it’s becoming more mainstream by the day.
Start small, stay consistent – let the market do the work
It’s a common misconception that you need to have a lot of money to be an investor. The median amount invested by DIY investors is around £15,000, but you can start with as little as £1.
Neither does it have to be done in one big hit. Lots of providers allow you to set up regular investing – often £25 a month minimum, but a few let you regularly invest less.
Setting up these direct debits can also be a good idea – you drip feed into markets and average out the price which you buy at, so smoothing out any ups and downs along the way.
And you don’t have to be a maths genius or obsessively checking the markets – there are plenty of tools and account types that can do this for you.
Get a free fractional share worth up to £100.
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Get a free fractional share worth up to £100.
Capital at risk.
Terms and conditions apply.
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Robo-advisors are automated, algorithm-driven financial planning and investment services requiring little to no human supervision. A typical robo-advisor asks questions about your financial situation and future goals when you set up the account, then will match you to one of their ready-made portfolios and automatically invest for you.
Find your investment “playlist”
If you don’t want to go down the robo-route, but aren’t sure which to pick, you can take a look at some of last year’s best-selling funds for inspiration. These four funds below appeared on multiple investment platforms’ best-selling lists every month in 2025.
They are all low-cost global collections of shares which are well diversified. Think of them like an investment playlist curated for you to serve up a bundle of shares in one easy-to-buy package.
The idea is that you can buy one product which is very broadly spread around lots of different companies which minimises the risk of any one thing going horribly wrong.

Fidelity Index World: a very cheap way to buy about 1,300 of the world’s largest companies in one go, pre-wrapped into one single investment product which costs about £1.20 a year for every £1,000 invested here.
HSBC FTSE All-World Index: a similar global option with over 3,000 companies and emerging markets too, so you get exposure to India, China and Brazil too, for example. Good if you don’t want too much exposure to the US.
Vanguard FTSE Global All Cap Index: a very diversified option. It has shares in about 7,000–8,000 companies with a small proportion in smaller companies, about 10 per cent in emerging markets, and slightly less in the US than some peers – a bit pricier than some trackers but still really good value – about £2.30 a year for every £1,000 invested here.
Vanguard LifeStrategy 100% Equity: one with a heavier British weighting – about 20 to 25 per cent invested in the UK.
Starting from scratch
If you’re a total beginner and want one of these global options to get started, you could compare platforms which will let you buy funds and won’t cost a lot for a small amount. Hargreaves Lansdown and AJ Bell are good options if you have small balances and want to buy a fund like the above. Or you can open an ISA with Vanguard and pop one of their ready-made ‘LifeStrategy’ funds into it.
If you prefer to buy and sell shares or exchange traded funds then Trading 212 and Freetrade are good low-cost ISA providers for smaller balances.
Investing has never been easier.
The average investor age is dropping, the amount you need to invest is low, and people are investing less, but more regularly. There are plenty of different platforms, things to invest in and ways to invest.
People talk about “time in the market, not timing the market” – that means if you’re in it for the long-haul, and can afford to invest small amounts regularly, you’ll be in a great place further down the line. The most important thing is to just get started and build up over time.
When investing, your capital is at risk and you may get back less than invested. Past performance doesn’t guarantee future results.
Business
How do you spot a fake online review?
Britain’s competition watchdog has vowed to tackle fake and misleading online reviews “head on” as it launched investigations into firms including Just Eat and Autotrader.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) said reviews are used by 90% of consumers when they buy over the internet and play a large part in the UK’s over £200 billion online retail sector.
But up to 50% of online reviews are fake, according to recent research by tech firm Truth Engine.
The CMA said its latest action against firms comes as part of a clampdown on fake and misleading reviews as shoppers increasingly rely on customer feedback when shopping online.
Emma Cochrane, executive director for consumer protection at the CMA, told the Press Association: “It’s so important that consumers can have trust in those reviews because we know that nine in 10 of us rely on them when we’re shopping, and that retail shopping in the UK is billions of pounds worth a year.
“It’s so important that consumers can have trust and confidence when they’re shopping online.”
Here are the CMA’s tips for spotting and avoiding fake reviews:
– Read the reviews
Shoppers often get taken in by five-star ratings without actually reading what people have to say about a product or service.
“You’ll be surprised at how many reviews sound dubious, overly vague or even totally unrelated to the item they’re supposedly endorsing,” the CMA said.
– Be alert to AI-generated reviews
Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to make fake reviews sound fluent, polished and highly convincing.
“If a review feels a bit too slick, reads like it’s been perfectly crafted, or uses very similar wording to others, it may not reflect a real customer’s experience,” the CMA warned.
– Take a look at the other ratings
Look beyond the five-star ratings.
Three or four-star reviews are less likely to be fake, and they can be more useful to give a genuine, overall assessment.
– Check out multiple sites
Looking across several sites can help shoppers see patterns and provide a more consistent picture.
“Check a few different review sites. If you’re seeing the same kind of reviews coming up again and again, it’s more likely to be fake,” said Ms Cochrane.
Business
JustEat and Autotrader among firms investigated in fake reviews probe
The UK’s competition watchdog says it is looking at five firms in its investigation into misleading online reviews.
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