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Global polyester production climbs while cotton declines and viscose holds steady

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Global polyester production climbs while cotton declines and viscose holds steady


Translated by

Nazia BIBI KEENOO

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September 22, 2025

Textile Exchange‘s annual report indicates that global fibre production is expected to remain on an upward trajectory in 2024, with synthetic fibres steadily widening the gap with natural materials, while cellulosic (wood-pulp-based) fibres are expected to hold steady. The share of recycled fibres has not increased either, except in the wool market.

Textile Exchange

In 2024, the volume of fibre produced worldwide rose by 6.5% to 132 million tonnes. Synthetic fibres accounted for 69% of this total, up nine points on the 2020 level, with polyester alone accounting for 59%.

Having already reached a 57% share in 2023, polyester continued to gain ground, reaching a total of 78 million tonnes in 2024. Production of recycled polyester increased from 8.9 to 9.3 million tonnes. Polyamide (nylon), the second most-produced synthetic fibre, accounts for just 5% of global fibre production.

Whereas cotton accounted for 20% of fibre production in 2023, it fell to 19% in 2024, with 24.1 million tonnes of virgin cotton. Textile Exchange notes, however, that 34% of cotton produced is now certified to sustainability standards, compared with 28% the previous year. The share of recycled cotton remains stable at 1%, at 300,000 tonnes.

Textile Exchange

Other plant-based fibres account for 6.9 million tonnes of production. This market is dominated by jute (54%), followed by cotton fibre (26%), flax (5%), and hemp (5%). These two bast fibres, flax and hemp, thus account for 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively, of global fibre production.

Cellulosics, the third major fibre family (obtained through the chemical transformation of plant-based raw materials), maintained their market share, with viscose, acetate, lyocell, modal and cupro accounting for 6% of global fibre production, at 8.4 million tonnes (+6.4%). However, over the past year, the market share of recycled cellulosics has increased, rising from 0.7% to 1.1%, or 90,000 tonnes.

Nearly 70% of this sector’s production is now covered by the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) and PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) forest certification programmes.

Animal fibres still account for only 1% of global fibre production, of which wool captures 0.9%, with 1.98 million tonnes of virgin wool. Within this market, the share of recycled wool has risen from 6% to 7%, with 83,000 tonnes. Cashmere (0.02%), mohair (0.004%) and alpaca (0.005%) have maintained their market shares in global fibre production.

Textile Exchange

Still within animal-derived materials, global down production rose from 626,000 to 659,000 tonnes, with ducks accounting for nearly 90%. The share of recycled down in this market is only 1%.

Although it is not a fibre, Textile Exchange does not overlook leather. Around 13.8 million tonnes were produced last year, from approximately 1.6 million animals. Global production last year comprised 9.4 million tonnes of sheep skins and 2.2 million tonnes of sheepskins. These figures are in addition to 11.5 million tonnes of goat skins and 800,000 tonnes of buffalo skins.

Textile Exchange

Excluding fibres, the report estimates global rubber production at 15 million tonnes in 2024. The share of production carried out under the FSC and PEFC forest certification programmes rose over the year from 2.9% to 3.2%.

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UK commits $1.25 mn to trade facilitation programme for 2026–29

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UK commits .25 mn to trade facilitation programme for 2026–29



The United Kingdom recently committed £950,000 (~$1.25 million) in funding for the ‘Accelerate Trade Facilitation’ programme for the 2026-2029 period.

The programme is jointly implemented by UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Customs Organization and UK Customs.

The UK has committed around $1.25 million in funding for the ‘Accelerate Trade Facilitation’ programme for the 2026-2029 period.
The programme is jointly implemented by UNCTAD, the World Customs Organization and UK Customs.
The latest phase will expand the programme’s capacity-building activities and introduce the Reform Tracker tool to up to three additional countries.

For more than a decade, the programme has supported over 30 economies to speed up the movement of goods and strengthen cooperation between the public and private sectors.

“We will build on the strong and sustained impact achieved by partner countries over the last 11 years of the programme, strengthening national trade facilitation committees and driving practical, lasting reforms that make trade simpler, faster and more inclusive while supporting economic growth,” said Megan Shaw, deputy director of international customs and border engagement at UK Customs in an UNCTAD release.

The programme will continue to place national trade facilitation committees (NTFCs) at the core of its work. NTFCs serve as coordination platforms where government agencies and businesses identify bottlenecks, agree on priorities and advance trade facilitation reforms.

UNCTAD has supported them through specialised training, including via its trade facilitation e-learning platform, and practical tools such as the Reform Tracker. The tool helps countries monitor progress on trade facilitation reforms and keep society-wide collaborators aligned.

“These reforms contribute to a trading environment that is faster, cheaper, more transparent and more predictable—conditions that help businesses compete and grow,” said Angel Gonzalez Sanz, officer-in-charge of UNCTAD’s division on technology and logistics.

The 2026-2029 phase will expand the programme’s capacity-building activities and introduce the Reform Tracker to up to three additional countries.

These efforts will help deepen digitalisation and improve coordination between border agencies—measures crucial to reducing costs and processing times for traders.

Fibre2Fashion News Desk (DS)



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Sweden’s H&M’s Q1 FY26 sales dip but margins improve on cost control

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Sweden’s H&M’s Q1 FY26 sales dip but margins improve on cost control



Swedish clothing house H&M Hennes & Mauritz AB has reported net sales of SEK 49,607 million (~$4.72 billion) in the first quarter (Q1) of fiscal 2026 (FY26) ended February 28, with sales in local currencies declining by 1 per cent year-on-year (YoY), alongside a roughly 4 per cent reduction in store count.

The gross profit reached SEK 25,138 million (~$2.39 billion), with the gross margin improving to 50.7 per cent from 49.1 per cent a year earlier, supported by lower markdown costs and more efficient sourcing.

H&M has reported net sales of SEK 49,607 million (~$4.72 billion) in Q1 FY26, with sales down 1 per cent in local currencies.
Improved cost control lifted gross margin to 50.7 per cent and operating profit rose 26 per cent.
The net profit increased to SEK 704 million (~$75.05 million), while inventory fell 16 per cent.
Currency effects weighed on revenue despite stronger margins and improving sales.

The operating profit rose by 26 per cent to SEK 1,512 million, lifting the operating margin to 3 per cent from 2.2 per cent. Selling and administrative expenses declined by 1 per cent in local currencies and by 9 per cent in SEK terms, reflecting continued cost discipline, H&M said in a press release.

The net profit after tax (PAT) increased to SEK 704 million (~$75.05 million), with earnings per share (EPS) improving to SEK 0.45 from SEK 0.37. Inventory management also showed progress, with stock-in-trade falling 16 per cent to SEK 34,608 million, indicating improved inventory productivity.

However, sales in SEK terms were impacted by a currency translation effect of just over 9 percentage points due to the strengthened Swedish krona. The quarter began with weaker demand following strong Black Friday trading, though sales trends improved towards the end, supported by spring collections.

“Good cost control and improved gross margin contributed to strengthened profitability in a quarter marked by cautious consumption and large currency translation effects,” said Daniel Erver, CEO at H&M.

Looking ahead, H&M expects March 2026 sales to rise by 1 per cent in local currencies. The company also highlighted its sustainability progress, noting that 32 per cent of materials used in 2025 were recycled, while 91 per cent were either recycled or sustainably sourced.

Fibre2Fashion News Desk (SG)



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EU-funded RegioGreenTex pushes 25 SME pilots to commercialisation

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EU-funded RegioGreenTex pushes 25 SME pilots to commercialisation



A total of 25 pilot investments led by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have progressed from the lab to near-market stage under RegioGreenTex, a three-year European Union (EU)-funded project that recently concluded. Most of these are expected to be commercialised within one to three years.

Twenty five pilot investments led by SMEs moved from lab to near‑market under RegioGreenTex, an EU-funded project that ended recently.
Most of these are expected to commercialise in one to three years.
Five regional hubs mapped SME needs and developed services and value chains as well as tools to help SMEs.
These are now open for collaboration and the pilot portfolio is primed for investors and adopters.

At least 70 per cent of the EU grant was allocated to SMEs. A total of 43 partners from 11 regions across eight countries participated in the project, leveraging their expertise towards a common goal of advancing industry and research.

RegioGreenTex was one of the first projects funded under the Interregional Innovation Investments (I3) Instrument programme that focused on process, service and business model innovation, developing advanced textile recycling technologies, regional recycling hubs, and a digital ecosystem for matchmaking and capacity building.

Five regional hubs mapped SME needs and developed services and value chains as well as tools that keep helping SMEs, an official release said.

The RegioGreenTex Digital Tool keeps matchmaking, sharing trainings and hosting the participants’ knowledge base.

The Waste Wizard shows how artificial intelligence-enhanced matchmaking can link leftover textiles with the right reuse or recycling routes.

From recycled-content yarn processes (Tintex) to Recycrom low-impact dyeing (Officina39), ultrasonic quilting for full recyclability (Rovitex) and hybrid recycled-fibre yarns (Hilaturas Mar), the pilots showed concrete, repeatable ways to cut impact without losing performance.

The hubs are now open for collaboration, the digital tools are live and the pilot portfolio is primed for investors and adopters.

Fibre2Fashion News Desk (DS)



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