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How to Keep Subways and Trains Cool in an Ever Hotter World

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How to Keep Subways and Trains Cool in an Ever Hotter World


TfL, to its credit, has made many efforts over the years to try to deal with the problem of hot tunnels, including attaching cooling panels to tunnel walls. The panels, which circulate water to remove heat from the air, were deployed in a trial in 2022, though they are not currently in use. Paul argues that such a system could be prohibitively expensive.

Hassan Hemida at the University of Birmingham says Paul’s water-cooling technology is a “good idea,” though it remains to be seen how much heat it could really remove from a real-life, busy Tube station full of people.

Certain railways simply push the boundaries of our ability to cool things down, says Hemida. He gives the example of super-high-speed trains traveling at, say, 400 kilometers per hour. They force air out of their way at high velocities, meaning the air pressure surrounding heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment on the roofs of those trains can drop significantly. “Then, you cannot suck air into the HVAC system,” he says. Ultimately, that could cause the air-conditioning unit to fail. “I have been contacted by colleagues from China, and they want to find a solution for this problem,” Hemida adds.

More and more train operators are adopting air-conditioning systems as standard, though. London’s still relatively new Elizabeth Line features air-conditioning, for example. And a spokesman for Škoda Transportation, which recently rolled out air-conditioned metro trains in the capital of Bulgaria, says: “Generally, every vehicle we produce now is equipped with AC.” Sharon Hedges, senior engagement manager at Transport Focus, an industry watchdog, adds: “As people think about procuring new rolling stock, these are the kind of things that need to be uppermost in minds now.”

Heat waves are one thing in Britain. What about the Egyptian desert? German tech company Siemens is supplying Egypt with a new set of high-speed trains that can travel at speeds of up to 230 kilometers per hour. The firm’s Velaro trains are used in many places around Europe, but for Egypt, Siemens has really put them through their paces. Last summer, the company took one of the trains to a test facility in Austria and exposed it to unpleasant conditions, including temperatures as high as 60 degrees Celsius and high winds. “We are achieving 26 degree inside temperature at the hottest outside conditions,” says Björn Buchholz, head of HVAC and door systems.



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Still Cooking on Scratched Nonstick? Check This All-Clad Deal Out

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Still Cooking on Scratched Nonstick? Check This All-Clad Deal Out


It can be hard to build an Adulting Arsenal. And expensive! Mattresses, couches, vacuums, cookware … all of these necessary things around us that require a hefty initial investment, lest you be met with back problems, sagging cushions, subpar suction, or flaking nonstick pans that leave a little bit of mystery plastic behind with every bite.

No more! It’s time to upgrade. Pick up this All-Clad 5-Piece Nonstick Frying Pan Set for $180 (a $30 discount) and throw your dingy, dented, second-or-possibly-thirdhand nonstick pans away. A better world is possible, and it starts with good tools.

And All-Clad is good tools. We’ve long heralded it as the gold standard, as have chefs around the world in kitchens big and small. It lasts for years. It’s backed by a limited lifetime warranty. It’s solid, it’s durable, it’s reliable, and it does what it’s supposed to do without causing more fuss than it’s worth.

This deal gets you three nonstick, hard-anodized frying pans in 8-inch, 10-inch, and 12-inch sizes, plus two lids for the bigger pans.

Courtesy of All-Clad

All-Clad

HA1 Hard Anodized Nonstick Fry Pan Set

These are hard anodized, meaning the aluminum they’re constructed with is treated to be extra durable. And they’re coated in a PTFE nonstick (aka Teflon). There are many nonstick pans that don’t use PTFE anymore—we’re working on a roundup of our favorites—but generally, PTFE-coated cookware is still considered safe so long as you take good care of it and don’t overheat it. Make sure to use nonstick-safe utensils, use a lower degree of heat rather than higher when you can, don’t preheat an empty pan, and hand-wash them when you’re done, and they’ll serve you just fine.

Note that these All-Clad pans are marketed to be safe to 500 degrees Fahrenheit (though the lids are limited to 350 degrees). That’s the upper limit of “safe” when it comes to cooking on PTFE. We recommend sticking with this for your basic eggs, pancakes, and grilled cheeses, and maybe reaching for something different if you need to finish or bake a dish in the oven. Do what you’re comfortable with!

These pans are compatible with gas, electric, and induction cooking methods, and have a warp-resistant base. The stainless steel handles may have a different design than you’re used to, but I personally really like them—I can flip my eggs without a spatula thanks to the upward-jutting angle of the handles. And they’re technically dishwasher safe, though we recommend hand-washing gently to preserve that slick outer coating. The walls of the pan are nice and high, which gives you good leverage when flipping with a spatula. They’re also really stable and have a nice weight to them—they don’t feel cheap or flimsy, unlike some of the random nonstick pans I’ve used over the years.

If you need to upgrade your nonstick, it’s hard to beat this set, especially at this price. Make sure to check our separate stories on the All-Clad Factory Seconds Sale as well as this killer All-Clad Pizza Oven deal.



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Deep-sea coating offers antifouling and anticorrosion protection in extreme environments

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Deep-sea coating offers antifouling and anticorrosion protection in extreme environments


The full-ocean-depth-oriented coating for integrated antifouling and anticorrosion. Credit: ACS Nano (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c09595

A research team from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has developed a new integrated poly(oxime-urethane) (PUDF) coating tailored for full-ocean-depth use. The material delivers antifouling and anticorrosion performance for marine engineering applications. The study was recently published in ACS Nano.

The has emerged as a frontier for marine exploration, but as marine engineering operations expand to full-ocean depths, equipment faces challenges: intense hydrostatic pressure, high salinity, and microbial communities that trigger simultaneous fouling and corrosion—threats that undermine long-term durability.

Conventional multilayer protective systems, however, are vulnerable to interfacial delamination and functional degradation, making them ill-suited for such harsh conditions. This gap has made the development of a single coating that combines synergistic antifouling and anticorrosion protection a critical, long-standing challenge.

To address this, the researchers employed precise molecular design and nanoscale interfacial engineering to create an integrated antifouling and anticorrosion coating based on PUDF. The novel material integrates antibacterial molecules (DFFD) with graphene oxide (GO-COOH) nanosheets, forming a dual-protection system.

The coating exerts its intrinsic antibacterial and antifouling effects by disrupting bacterial purine metabolism and suppressing nucleotide biosynthesis, while the layer provides a , blocking corrosive ions and metabolites. This design provides both antifouling and anticorrosion capabilities, even in extreme deep-sea environments.

Experimental results validated the coating’s full-ocean-depth efficacy: Over two months, it prevented the attachment of macrofoulers in the East China Sea (at a depth of 2 meters) and microbial communities in the Philippine Sea (at 7,730 meters). Additionally, the withstood prolonged immersion in a simulated environment with high pressure (15 MPa), high salinity, and high bacterial concentration, demonstrating strong anticorrosion performance.

This study provides insights into designing synergistic protection mechanisms for high-performance coatings in .

More information:
Peng Zhang et al, Full-Ocean-Depth-Oriented Poly(oxime-urethane) Coating: Construction and Protective Mechanism for Integrated Antifouling and Anticorrosion, ACS Nano (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c09595

Citation:
Deep-sea coating offers antifouling and anticorrosion protection in extreme environments (2025, October 29)
retrieved 29 October 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-10-deep-sea-coating-antifouling-anticorrosion.html

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We Brought Our Dogs and Families to Sleep Outside in All the Best Tents

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We Brought Our Dogs and Families to Sleep Outside in All the Best Tents


REI’s Base Camp tent is the best-designed, best-built six-person tent I’ve ever used. It also proved itself one of the most waterproof large tents in our testing. It’s a traditional dome tent design, with two crossed poles and two side poles. The tent floor is high-quality 150-denier (150D) polyester, while the sides are a combination of mesh and 40D nylon. There’s loads of storage pockets, double doors, great vents, and huge windows, making it comfortable even in summer heat. It’s also one of the few family-size, three-season tents on the market with a nearly full-length rain fly (made of 75-denier polyester), which makes it suitable for those more weather-prone fall and spring trips (the fly sits about 3 inches off the ground, so not four-season level like the Marmot below, but close). It’s also surprisingly stable in the wind considering how tall it is (74 inches for the six-person model).

The inside is roomy. My family of five (two adults, two teenagers, one 10-year-old) had no trouble fitting inside. There’s plenty of room for five smaller sleeping pads, or you could double up on Exped’s Megamat Duo ($349) for an extra cushy car camping setup. The vestibules are nice and roomy too, offering storage for the rest of your camping gear. If you really want some extra, covered, outdoor space, you can grab the Base Camp Vehicle Connector for $170 (untested, but it’s on my list).

With two huge doors that have big, no-snag zippers, it’s easy to get in and out of the Base Camp without stepping on anyone. There’s also a wide variety of storage options, including six pockets (one for each person), and lots of hang loops stitched into the ceiling allowing you to hang lights or string a clothesline. There are also plenty of mesh vents, which make it possible to get a nice cross breeze through the tent on warm nights.

Specs
Dimensions 100 x 86 in. (4-person) / 110 x 110 in. (6-person)
Interior living space 56 sq. feet (4-person) / 84 sq. feet (6-person)
Vestibule space 27 + 17 sq. feet (6-person)
Height 63 in (4-person) / 74 in (6-person)
Weight 17 lbs., 5.6 oz. (4-person) / 20 lbs., 11.5 oz. (6-person)
Capacity 4- or 6-person
Doors 2



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