Business
IPO Explained: Meaning, Process, Benefits, Risks
In the world of finance, few events generate as much excitement as an Initial Public Offering (IPO). For companies, it marks the transition from private ownership to public trading. For investors, it opens the door to participate in the growth of a business from an early stage. IPOs are often seen as milestones that signal a company’s maturity, ambition, and readiness to expand. (Image: Pexels)

An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is the process by which a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time. By listing on a stock exchange, the company transitions into a publicly traded entity. This move allows the firm to raise capital, expand its operations, and gives early investors and employees the opportunity to sell their shares. For the wider public, it opens up a chance to own a stake in the company and participate in its growth journey. (Image: Pexels)

Companies choose to launch IPOs for several reasons. The most obvious is capital raising, as funds generated from the sale of shares can be used to expand operations, invest in new technology, or reduce debt. Going public also enhances visibility and credibility, since listed companies must adhere to strict disclosure norms. For founders, venture capitalists, and employees, an IPO provides liquidity, enabling them to monetize their holdings. Moreover, access to capital markets creates opportunities for mergers, acquisitions, and global expansion. (Image: Pexels)

The IPO process itself is structured and involves multiple steps. It begins with the company’s board and management deciding to go public. Investment banks, known as underwriters, are then appointed to manage the offering, set the price, and market the shares. (Image: Pexels)

The company must file regulatory documents; in India, this is the Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP) with SEBI, while in the US it is filed with the SEC. These filings disclose financials, risks, and business plans to potential investors. To generate interest, the company and its bankers conduct roadshows, presenting the IPO to institutional investors. (Image: Pexels)

Based on demand, the final price of shares is determined, and allocations are made to both institutional and retail investors. Finally, the shares are listed on exchanges such as NSE, BSE, or NYSE, where they can be freely traded. (Image: Pexels)

There are two main types of IPOs. In a fixed price issue, the company sets a predetermined price for its shares before the offering. In a book building issue, investors bid within a specified price range, and the final price is decided based on demand. Both methods aim to balance investor interest with the company’s capital requirements. (Image: Pexels)

Investing in IPOs can be rewarding but also carries risks. On the positive side, early investment in a promising company can yield significant returns, and IPOs diversify the opportunities available to investors. However, risks include market volatility, overvaluation, or poor company performance after listing. Not every IPO guarantees success, and careful research is essential before investing. (Image: Pexels)
Business
Gold, Silver Prices Jump Sharply This Week; Yellow Metal Surges By Rs 4,000
New Delhi: Gold and silver prices witnessed a sharp surge in the domestic market this week, tracking strong gains in global bullion markets. Gold prices rose by around Rs 4,000 per 10 grams, while silver prices jumped by nearly Rs 17,000 per kilogram. According to data from the India Bullion and Jewellers Association (IBJA), the price of 24-karat gold increased by Rs 4,188 to Rs 1,32,710 per 10 grams, compared to Rs 1,28,592 a week ago.
The price of 22-karat gold climbed to Rs 1,21,562 per 10 grams from Rs 1,17,777, while 18-karat gold rose to Rs 99,533 per 10 grams from Rs 96,444. Silver prices outperformed gold, registering a sharper weekly rise. The price of silver surged by Rs 16,970 to Rs 1,95,180 per kilogram, up from Rs 1,78,210 per kilogram a week earlier.
Earlier on Friday, Silver touched the Rs 2 lakh mark to hit an all-time high of Rs 2,013,88 per kilogram on the Multi-Commodity Exchange (MCX) during the intraday trade. The price of the future contract expiring on March 5, 2026, rose over Rs 2,400 during the day before settling at Rs 2,00462, up Rs 1,520 against the previous session’s closing of Rs 1,98,942.
“Gold and silver ETFs have been quiet heroes of the year, delivering standout returns even as equity markets saw bouts of volatility. Silver, especially, stole the spotlight — a rare combination of booming industrial demand from solar, EVs and electronics, alongside tightening global supply, pushed prices sharply higher,” said Nikunj Saraf, CEO, Choice Wealth.
Gold too held its ground and climbed steadily, supported by persistent central-bank buying and investors seeking safety amid geopolitical and inflation worries, he added. The gold future contract expiring on February 5 surged 1.87 per cent to close at Rs 1,34,948 per 10 grams on MCX on Friday. In the retail market, the 24-carat gold price settled at Rs 132,710 per 10 grams, up over Rs 4,600 from the previous day’s closing of Rs 1,28,596 per 10 grams, according to the IBJA.
The rally in domestic bullion prices is largely driven by continued strength in international markets, with both precious metals hovering close to their all-time highs. On the COMEX, gold was trading at $4,328 per ounce, while silver stood at $62 per ounce.
Business
Nifty 50, Nifty Midcap 150 Emerge As Top Indices In November: Report
New Delhi: Nifty 50 and Nifty Midcap 150 emerged as best-performing indices in November, with a growth of 1.87 per cent and 1.59 per cent, respectively, a report said on Saturday. Meanwhile, Nifty 50 outperformed with a return of 7.27 per cent, 5.87 per cent, and 8.59 per cent over the last 3 months, 6 months, and 1-year period, respectively.
At the same time, the Nifty Midcap 150 continued to show steady traction with gains of 7.93 per cent, 6.01 per cent, and 7.12 per cent across the same 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year periods, Motilal Oswal Mutual Fund said in its report.
The broader market also delivered healthy gains, with the Nifty 500 gaining 0.94 per cent in the previous month, with large and midcap stocks up about 1-2 per cent and smallcaps corrected by around 1-3 per cent. Over the last 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, the index has consecutively given positive returns of 6.55 per cent, 4.96 per cent and 5.94 per cent, the report noted.
The Nifty Smallcap 250 Index showed mixed momentum, declining 3.36 per cent during the month, while recording a moderate 1.37 per cent gain over the past 3 months. However, returns remained subdued over longer periods, with the index slipping 0.60 per cent over 6 months and 5.55 per cent over the 1-year horizon.
The Nifty Microcap 250 Index also reflected volatility, registering a 2.83 per cent decline in November. According to the report, the Nifty Next 50 Index ended the month with a marginal decline of 0.98 per cent but maintained positive momentum over the medium term with gains of 5.16 over 3 months and 3.56 per cent over 6 months, while delivering −2.25 per cent over the 1 year.
Sector performance remained mixed with IT delivering an increase of 4.74 per cent, Auto 3.60 per cent, Banks 3.42 per cent and Healthcare 2.30 per cent in November. The Defence sector delivered the strongest annual performance with an impressive 19.43 per cent return, emerging as the best-performing segment over the year.
The Auto sector followed closely at 18.85 per cent, the Banking sector also posted a healthy 14.79 per cent gain, and Metals also recorded a strong 13.94 per cent. Healthcare generated 6.40 per cent, indicating steady but moderate expansion.
Realty, on the other hand, slipped further by 4.69 per cent in November and 11.47 per cent in the past year. The broader trend shows a 1–4 per cent decline across these segments during November, reflecting sector-specific pressures and profit-taking after earlier rallies, the report highlighted.
Business
Income Tax Department cautions taxpayers against rise in fake emails, SMS scams – The Times of India
NEW DELHI: The Income Tax Department has issued a public advisory cautioning taxpayers, especially senior citizens, against fraudulent emails, SMS messages, and websites impersonating the Department to steal personal and financial information.In an official awareness message shared by the Income Tax Department, Government of India, on X, taxpayers have been urged to remain vigilant and verify the authenticity of all communications claiming to be from tax authorities.Fraudsters, the Department warned, are increasingly using fake sender IDs, misleading links and look-alike websites to trick individuals into revealing sensitive details such as PAN numbers, passwords and one-time passwords (OTPs).The Department has reiterated that taxpayers should access tax-related services only through the official portal https://www.incometax.gov.in.Any other website resembling the official domain–such as variations using “efiling” or altered spellings–should be treated as suspicious.“Think Twice, Act Wise,” the advisory reads, emphasising that the Income Tax Department never asks for OTPs, passwords or confidential personal information via email, SMS or phone calls. Taxpayers are advised to always check the sender’s email address and website domain carefully before clicking on any link.To strengthen public awareness, the Department has also encouraged citizens to report suspicious activity. Suspected phishing emails can be forwarded to webmanager@incometax.gov.in, with a copy marked to incident@cert-in.org.in, the national cyber incident response agency.For assistance, taxpayers may also contact the official helpdesk at 1800 103 0025 or 080 46122000.The campaign is part of the government’s broader effort to promote cyber hygiene and protect citizens from digital fraud, particularly vulnerable groups such as senior citizens. The Income Tax Department has urged people to share the message widely to safeguard family members and loved ones.“Think before you click–stay tax smart, stay safe,” the Income Tax Department advised, reinforcing that awareness and caution remain the strongest defences against online tax scams. (ANI)
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