Tech
Microsoft starts including PQC algorithms in cyber foundations | Computer Weekly
Two years after the debut of its Quantum Safe Programme (QSP) Microsoft is now moving steadily through the process of incorporating post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms into some of the foundational components underpinning the security of its product suite.
The computing giant said that in order to maintain the resilience of its systems and servers when future quantum computers likely break current encryption protocols for good, it needs its core services to be set to go before 2029.
This is a self-imposed deadline for early adoption of quantum-safe enabled technology that, for now, sits well ahead of most government targets for take-up – the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) says Britain’s key sectors and organisations should be planning to switchover to PQC by 2035.
Outlining the progress made to date, Microsoft Azure chief technogy officer Mark Russinovich, and Microsoft corporate vice president, CTO of Microsoft Security and Israel R&D Centre managing director Michal Braverman-Blumenstyk said that while scalable quantum computing remains a pipe dream for now, the time to prepare for it is now.
“Migration to post PQC is not a flip-the-switch moment, it’s a multiyear transformation that requires immediate planning and coordinated execution to avoid a last-minute scramble,” they said.
“It is also an opportunity for every organisation to address legacy technology and practices and implement improved cryptographic standards.
They added: “By acting now, organisations can upgrade to modern cryptographical architectures that are inherently quantum safe, upgrade existing systems with the latest standards in cryptography, and embrace crypto-agility to modernise their cryptographic standards and practices and prepare for scalable quantum computing.”
The overall QSP strategy, as previously outlined, centres on three core pillars: updating Microsoft’s own and third-party services, supply chain and ecosystem to be quantum safe; supporting its customers, partners and ecosystems in this goal; and promoting global research, standards and solutions around quantum security.
Redmond has already conducted an enterprise-wide inventory to identify the potential risks and has been partnering with industry leaders over the past couple of years to address some of the more critical dependencies, invest in research, and work together on new hardware and firmware.
Where we stand today
As of this point in time, Microsoft has integrated PQC algorithms into components such as SymCrypt, which is the main cryptographic library used by Windows, Azure and Office 365. This library now supports Module-Lattice Key Encapsulation Mechanism (ML-KEM, formerly known as Crystals-Kyber) and Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (ML-DSA, formerly known as Crystals-Dilithium), both of which were among the quantum-safe algorithms taken forward by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) a year ago.
Addressing the threat of Harvest Now Decrypt Later (HNDL) cyber attacks in which threat actors exfiltrated data today and hold it in reserve until they can crack the code, Microsoft is also ramping up the introduction of quantum-safe key exchange mechanisms in SymCrypt, enabling transport layer security (TLS) hybrid key exchange – per the latest IETF draft – and enhancing TLS 1.3 to support hybrid and pure post-quantum key exchange methods. These capabilities will be trickling down to the Windows TLS stack before much longer, said Russinovich and Braverman-Blumenstyk.
Beyond SymCrypt, Microsoft is also updating components such as its Entra authentication, key and secret management, and signing services, and plans to move towards integrating PQX into Windows, Azure, Office 365, and its data, networking and AI services to ensure the safety of the broader Microsoft services ecosystem.
Alignment to government plans
Microsoft’s overall QSP strategy currently aligns chiefly with US government requirements and timelines concerning quantum safety – including those laid down by agencies such as the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), NIST, and the National Security Agency (NSA).
However it is closely monitoring quantum safe initiative emanating from Australia, Canada, the European Union (EU), Japan and the UK.
Tech
Why Is Alexa+ So Bad?
I stuck Amazon’s Echo Show 15 and its Alexa+ AI assistant in my kitchen for a month. Things have not gone well.
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Tech
The War on Iran Puts Global Chip Supplies and AI Expansion at Risk
South Korean officials have warned that the US-Israel war with Iran could hit the global semiconductor supply chain if it disrupts the flow of critical industrial materials from the Middle East.
South Korea’s semiconductor sector, led by giants like Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix, produces about two-thirds of the world’s memory chips. If the Middle East’s supply of chipmaking materials is disrupted, semiconductor production could slow unless alternative sources are found quickly.
The Helium Problem
One material at risk is helium, which is essential in chip manufacturing for managing heat, detecting leaks, and maintaining stable temperatures in fabrication equipment. For many of these uses, there is no real substitute.
About 38 percent of the world’s helium is produced by Qatar, where large extraction facilities are tied to the natural gas industry. This concentration means that disruptions can quickly ripple through the global supply chain.
National oil company QatarEnergy declared force majeure on March 4, after stopping its gas production and downstream operations due to ongoing attacks. Downstream facilities turn gas into other products, including urea, polymers, methanol, and aluminum.
South Korea’s Industry Ministry said the country also depends on the Middle East for 14 other materials in chipmaking, such as bromine and some chip-inspection equipment. While some of these materials can be sourced domestically or from other markets, shifting suppliers in the semiconductor sector is difficult because chipmakers need to test and validate new sources to meet strict purity standards.
Companies say the situation is manageable for now. As reported by Reuters, SK Hynix said it has secured diverse supply chains and maintains sufficient helium inventories, adding that there is “almost no chance” its operations would be affected in the near term.
Contract chipmaker TSMC similarly said it does not currently anticipate a significant impact, while GlobalFoundries stated it is in direct contact with suppliers and has mitigation plans in place.
Stuck in Transit
Even if Qatar’s gas production restarts, the semiconductor industry is vulnerable to disruptions in regional shipping routes. Much of the world’s energy and petrochemical exports from the Persian Gulf pass through the Strait of Hormuz, a key maritime choke point.
If shipping through this corridor is interrupted for an extended period, it could slow the movement of industrial gases and petrochemicals that chipmakers rely on. Disruptions to oil and gas exports from the region have also already pushed global energy prices higher: Brent crude, the European benchmark, is priced at $80 per barrel at the time of publication.
Energy costs are a major factor in semiconductor production. Fabrication plants run large clean rooms that need constant electricity and cooling, so chipmakers are sensitive to changes in global energy prices. Industry representatives in South Korea warned that a prolonged conflict could push energy prices higher, likely leading to higher semiconductor production costs and potentially higher chip prices.
These risks come as semiconductor supply chains are already stretched by growing demand from AI computing. Chip demand from AI data center operators has tightened supply across several electronics sectors, including smartphones, laptops, and automobiles.
A Long-Term Problem
For now, the immediate impact on chip production is unclear. Major chipmakers usually maintain a mix of suppliers and stockpile specialty gases and chemicals to help weather short-term disruptions.
But if instability in the region continues, pressure on supply chains will likely grow. A drawn-out conflict that hits energy infrastructure, export facilities, or shipping routes could slowly squeeze the global supply of materials needed for chipmaking.
This could delay plans by major technology companies to expand artificial intelligence infrastructure in the Middle East. Firms such as Amazon, Microsoft, and Nvidia have been positioning the UAE as a hub for AI computing capacity.
This story originally appeared on WIRED Middle East.
Tech
Save up to $600 With These Mattress Firm Coupons and Deals
Chances are that when you google “mattress store near me,” one of the first results you will see is Mattress Firm. This brick and mortar titan carries both established mattress brands like Serta and Sealy, as well as many online brands, like Purple, letting you go see for yourself if it’ll be the mattress for you. And if you were looking for an excuse to hop in the car and head over, we have a Mattress Firm coupon available right now, as well as tons of Mattress Firm promo codes to save big on those big (and small) purchases. Fingers crossed that you could start sleeping better, potentially as soon as tonight.
Upgrade Your Sleep Sale: Save Up to $600 (Plus Get a Free Adjustable Base)
This year, Mattress Firm wants to make it even easier (and more affordable) to upgrade your sleep with the Upgrade Your Sleep Sale. During this sale, you can save up to $600 and get a free adjustable base included on select mattresses, through April 28. You’ll receive a free Sleepy’s Basic adjustable base (a $300 value) with select mattress purchases—this means a free queen adjustable base with a minimum $499 purchase, or free king adjustable base with minimum $599 purchase.
Get 15% Off When You Sign Up for Emails
To make sure you never miss out on Mattress Firm discount codes, you can sign up for email notifications. By doing so, you automatically get one! You can get an extra 15% off on your first order. Heads up that it can’t be combined with other coupons, nor can it be applied to specific brands and models, including Nectar, Purple, Sealy Hybrid, Tempur-Pedic, Stearns & Foster, and Serta iComfort.
Free Adjustable Base (Up to $499 Value) With Select Mattresses
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Score Up to $300 in Instant Credits and Gifts
Mattress Firm’s got a gift for you, just ‘cuz. For those eyeballing Tempur-Pedic, Sealy, and Sterns & Foster in particular, it’s your lucky day, as there are Mattress Firm coupon codes for all three of these brands.
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Take 20% Off With Military, Medical, Student, or Teacher Discounts
Sleep is a necessity for everyone. But for those who work all day on their feet, and have to be dialed in at all times, sleep is critical. This is especially true for first responders, nurses, doctors, and medical professionals. As a way to say “thank you” for all that you do, there’s a special mattress firm discount just for you. Use the Mattress Firm first responder discount for 20% off select purchases. It’s for one-time use, but renews every 90 days when you re-verify your status.
For military members, as a way to thank you for your service, you can use the Mattress Firm military discount for 20% off select purchases as well. It’s a one-time use code, but re-verify your status every 90 days, and you can get a new one!
If you’re a teacher or student, there’s also a Mattress Firm discount for you, too. To help you bounce back after long days teaching, or late nights studying, use this Mattress Firm student discount code for 20% off select purchases. Like the first responder and military coupons, it’s a one-time usage code that can be renewed every 90 days when you re-verify your status.
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