Business
Professional tax explained: Who must pay, Which states levy it, and How it affects your CTC and take-home salary
New Delhi: Professional tax is a small but important tax many salaried individuals and professionals in India need to know about. Unlike income tax — which goes to the central government — professional tax is collected by state governments, and not all states impose it. This guide breaks down what professional tax is, who must pay it, where it’s applicable, and how it affects your cost-to-company (CTC) and take-home pay.
What Is Professional Tax?
Professional tax is a tax that some Indian states charge on individuals earning income from salary, profession, trade, calling, or employment. It’s regulated by state law, and the amount varies based on income slabs set by each state’s legislature.
Although the amount is usually small (often a few hundred rupees per year), it’s a legitimate tax deducted from salaries and remitted to the state government under the Constitution of India.
Who Has to Pay Professional Tax?
Not everyone in India pays professional tax. Here’s who typically must pay it:
Salaried employees whose employer deducts the tax from their salary.
Self-employed professionals such as doctors, lawyers, chartered accountants, traders, and consultants, if their state charges professional tax.
Business owners or partners in a firm who are liable under their state’s professional tax law.
However, whether you pay professional tax depends on the state you work or reside in and the tax slabs defined by that state.
Which States Charge Professional Tax?
Professional tax is not uniform across India. Some states or union territories do not levy it at all, while others have active schedules for this tax. States that commonly impose professional tax include:
Maharashtra
Karnataka
West Bengal
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Delhi (in some categories and slabs)
Each state has its own income slabs and rates, which mean two people earning the same salary in different states might pay different amounts of professional tax — or none at all.
For example, a state might charge Rs 200 per month on employees earning above a specified threshold, while another might cap the annual professional tax at Rs 2,500 based on different income bands.
How Is Professional Tax Collected?
For Salaried Employees:
Your employer deducts the professional tax from your salary every month and pays it to the state government on your behalf. This deduction shows up under professional tax deductions in your salary slip.
For Self-Employed:
Professionals and business owners registered under professional tax laws must file returns and pay the tax directly as per their state’s process. The frequency (monthly, quarterly, or annual) depends on the state’s rules.
Does It Affect Your CTC or Take-Home Salary?
Yes — but in a specific way.
Cost to Company (CTC): Professional tax is generally included under statutory deductions in your CTC structure, but it’s a small component. It does not significantly change the overall CTC figure compared with income tax or employee provident fund (EPF) contributions.
Take-Home Salary: Because it’s deducted from your gross salary, professional tax reduces take-home pay slightly each month. However, the amount is usually minimal compared with major deductions like income tax and EPF.
For example, if your monthly salary is Rs 50,000 and your state levies Rs 200 per month as professional tax, your take-home salary will be Rs 200 less every month due to this deduction.
Professional Tax vs Income Tax: What’s the Difference?
It’s important to distinguish professional tax from income tax:
Professional Tax: A state-level tax, usually small, based on employment status or income. It’s deducted at source by employers for salary accounts.
Income Tax: A central government tax on total income, structured in slabs, which applies to all taxpayers depending on their overall earnings.
Both taxes can be deducted from your pay, but they serve different purposes and are governed by different authorities.
What If You Don’t Pay Professional Tax?
If a state has enacted professional tax laws and you are liable but fail to pay or register appropriately:
The state authority may charge penalties or interest for delayed payment.
Salaried individuals may see issues with compliance records if their employer does not deduct the tax when required.
Self-employed professionals may face enforcement actions under state tax laws.
Therefore, it’s important to know whether your state requires professional tax and ensure compliance.
The Bottom Line
Professional tax is a legitimate state-level tax deducted from your salary or paid directly by professionals and businesses. While it’s a small amount, it affects your take-home salary and needs to be managed properly.
Whether you pay professional tax depends on:
The state you work in
Your salary or income level
Whether you are salaried or self-employed
Regular deductions by employers and timely payments by self-employed professionals keep you in compliance and avoid penalties.
Business
PMI watch: India’s services growth eases in February as demand softens, costs rise – The Times of India
India’s services sector growth eased marginally in February as new business expansion slowed to a 13-month low, reflecting softer demand conditions and a rise in inflation, according to a monthly survey released on Wednesday. The seasonally adjusted HSBC India Services PMI Business Activity Index edged down to 58.1 in February from 58.5 in January. In PMI terminology, readings above 50 denote expansion, while those below 50 indicate contraction. “India’s Services PMI registered 58.1 in February, largely unchanged from January’s 58.5, signalling another month of robust expansion in the sector.” “While new order growth slowed to a 13-month low amid rising competition, service providers saw a notable pick-up in international sales and responded with increased hiring to meet operational needs,” said Pranjul Bhandari, Chief India Economist at HSBC. According to respondents, some firms benefited from stronger client enquiries and targeted marketing efforts, which supported sales. However, others reported that an increasingly competitive landscape limited the pace of growth. External demand stood out during the month. Services companies recorded improved business from several overseas markets, including Canada, Germany, mainland China, Singapore, the UAE, the UK and the US. Overall, international sales rose at the quickest pace since last August. Cost pressures intensified for service providers in February. Operating expenses increased at the sharpest rate in two-and-a-half years, prompting firms to raise their selling prices at the fastest pace in six months. “Input and output price inflation accelerated, with firms passing higher expenses — particularly for food and labour — on to customers, yet business confidence climbed to its highest level in a year as companies looked to broaden their market presence,” Bhandari said. At the combined level, private sector activity strengthened further. Total business output across manufacturing and services expanded at the fastest rate in three months, supported by improved demand and higher new business inflows. The HSBC India Composite PMI Output Index climbed to 58.9 in February from 58.4 in January. “Overall, the composite PMI rose to 58.9, reflecting the fastest pace of private sector activity growth in three months, buoyed by strong momentum in manufacturing,” Bhandari said. Composite PMI figures represent weighted averages of manufacturing and services indicators, with the weights reflecting their respective shares in official GDP data. While the pace of new order growth at the composite level was broadly similar to that seen around the start of the year, hiring activity strengthened to its highest level since last October. Inflationary trends were also evident in the broader private sector, with both input costs and output charges rising at quicker rates. These increases reached nine-month and six-month highs, respectively.
Business
80% Stocks Already In Bear Market; Should You Buy The Dip Or Run For Safety?
Last Updated:
India’s Sensex and Nifty correct 6-7%, with 80% of stocks in bear territory. Monarch AIF reports 64% of stocks over Rs 1,000 crore market cap has fallen 30%.

Hundreds of midcap and smallcap companies have quietly lost significant value.
India’s benchmark indices may not show it, but a large part of the market is already in deep correction. According to a report by Monarch AIF, while the Sensex and Nifty have corrected only about 6-7 per cent from their record highs, nearly 80 per cent of listed stocks are already in bear market territory.
The data highlights a sharp divergence between headline indices and the broader market.
Majority of Stocks Deep In Correction
The report analysed companies with a market capitalisation above Rs 1,000 crore.
It found that over 64 per cent of these stocks have fallen more than 30 per cent from their all-time highs. Nearly 78 per cent have declined over 20 per cent.
In simple terms, most stocks in the market have already seen a brutal correction even though benchmark indices remain relatively elevated.
This unusual divergence has been playing out for the past 18 months.
Why Indices Are Still Holding Up
According to the report, Indian markets are witnessing a rare phase of simultaneous time and value correction.
A narrow set of large-cap stocks has kept the benchmark indices elevated. Meanwhile, hundreds of midcap and smallcap companies have quietly lost significant value.
This has created a misleading picture where the indices appear stable but the broader market has been under sustained pressure.
Now A New Shock: Middle East War
The situation has become more complicated after the recent escalation in West Asia.
Following US-Israel strikes on Iran, global markets have turned volatile and crude oil prices have surged.
Amid these developments, the Sensex recently fell over 1,000 points, while the Nifty slipped below the 24,900 level.
For investors, the challenge is that a market already weakened by months of selling is now facing geopolitical risks and a potential oil shock.
Should Investors Buy Or Wait?
Aakash Shah, Technical Research Analyst at Choice Equity Broking, advised caution. “Amid persistent global uncertainties and elevated volatility, market participants are advised to maintain discipline and adopt a selective approach, focusing on fundamentally strong stocks during corrective phases. Fresh long positions should ideally be considered only after a decisive and sustained breakout above the 25,000 mark on the Nifty, which would signal improving sentiment and confirm the development of a stronger bullish structure,” he said.
Key Risk For India: Rising Oil
V K Vijayakumar, chief investment strategist at Geojit Investments, said the biggest concern for India is rising crude prices.
“With the war escalating and crude rising, markets are going into a period of heightened uncertainty. Nobody knows how long this conflict will go on and what will be the extent of the havoc it could wreck. From the perspective of India, which relies on imports for around 85% of her oil requirements, the real concern is the potential inflation and its consequences on economic growth. From the market perspective, the impact of potentially widening trade deficit, depreciating currency, higher inflation and perhaps lower growth is the real issue. If this fear materialises, corporate earnings will be impacted,” he said.
However, he added that the impact may be temporary if the conflict ends quickly.
“If it ends in, say 3 to 4 weeks, things will be back to normal,” he said.
Don’t Panic, Use Corrections
Despite the volatility, Vijayakumar advised investors not to panic. “Experience tells us that panicking and getting out of the market during uncertain times like these is not the right thing to do. Markets have an uncanny ability to surprise and climb all walls of worries,” he said.
According to him, investors with a long investment horizon and higher risk appetite can gradually accumulate quality stocks during corrections.
He added that sectors such as banking, pharmaceuticals, automobiles and defence may offer attractive long-term opportunities.
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March 04, 2026, 13:39 IST
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