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Rupees overvalued as REER above 100 | The Express Tribune

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Rupees overvalued as REER above 100 | The Express Tribune



KARACHI:

Pakistan’s Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) index appreciated to 101.7 in September 2025, up from 100.1 in August, according to the latest data released by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). The month-on-month increase of 1.64% indicates that the rupee slightly strengthened in real terms against the basket of trading partner currencies.

The REER index, which measures the value of the rupee relative to the price levels in major trading partners, serves as a key indicator of external competitiveness. A REER value above 100 suggests that the currency may be relatively overvalued, potentially making exports less competitive, while a value below 100 implies undervaluation, which can support export growth.

Meanwhile, the Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) index declined marginally to 37.77 in September from 37.84 in August, showing a 0.21% month-on-month dip. The NEER represents movements in the rupee’s nominal value without adjusting for inflation differentials.

The dataset, available since July 2001 and updated monthly, highlights that the SBP recalculates both indices using revised trading partner weights based on each country’s share in Pakistan’s external trade. The REER and NEER indices are key tools for monitoring the rupee’s external value and assessing shifts in competitiveness.

Analysts note that the latest appreciation in REER reflects relative price movements between Pakistan and its trading partners rather than a direct shift in exchange rate policy.

On Monday, the Pakistani rupee registered a slight gain against the US dollar, appreciating by 0.01% in the inter-bank market. According to data released by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), the local currency closed at Rs281.07 per dollar, rising by Rs0.03 from the previous session.

During the preceding week, the rupee had also shown minor improvement, strengthening by Rs0.07, or 0.02%, to settle at Rs281.10 against the US dollar, compared to Rs281.17 recorded a week earlier.

Meanwhile, gold prices in Pakistan declined on Monday, even as international bullion markets surged over 2% amid expectations of further US interest rate cuts and persistent safe-haven demand. The contrasting trends reflect the interplay between local currency movements, investor sentiment, and volatile international price dynamics.

According to data released by the All-Pakistan Gems and Jewellers Sarafa Association, the price of gold per tola dropped by Rs1,400 to settle at Rs444,900, while the rate for 10 grams of gold fell by Rs1,200 to Rs381,430.

In the previous session on Saturday, the per-tola rate had dipped by a steep Rs10,600 to Rs446,300, signaling a short-term cooling in domestic demand and minor correction in local pricing despite global strength.

Commenting on recent trends, Adnan Agar, Director at Interactive Commodities, said, “Gold made its all-time high on Friday at approximately $4,380 before slipping sharply to a low of $4,185 – a correction of almost $200. Earlier the same day, it had risen by a similar margin, reflecting extreme price volatility. The market rebounded again today (Monday), opening around $4,227-4,237 and later standing at $4,348, marking a fresh $110 increase.”

Agar explained that recent fluctuations suggest that gold remains in a long-term uptrend but is struggling to undergo a meaningful correction.

The correction was long overdue. It happened briefly, but the market bounced back the very next day. At least technically, gold should fall back towards $4,000, and if it breaks that level, it could test $3,700-3,800, he said.



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Volkswagen capex recalibration: Automaker pares 2030 investment to $186 bn; China, US headwinds grow – The Times of India

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Volkswagen capex recalibration: Automaker pares 2030 investment to 6 bn; China, US headwinds grow – The Times of India


Volkswagen Group plans to invest €160 billion ($186 billion) through 2030, a scaled-down outlay that reflects tightening capital allocation as Europe’s largest automaker grapples with mounting pressure in its two biggest markets — China and the United States, Reuters reported.The investment figure, announced by Volkswagen CEO Oliver Blume, is part of the company’s rolling five-year capital expenditure plan, which is updated annually. The latest commitment compares with €165 billion earmarked for 2025–2029 and €180 billion for 2024–2028, with 2024 marking the peak year for spending.Since that peak, the group — which houses brands such as Porsche and Audi — has been squeezed by higher costs and weaker margins, hit by US tariffs on imported vehicles and intensifying competition in China. The strain has been felt most acutely at Porsche, which derives nearly half of its sales from the US and China combined.Porsche recently unveiled a significant rollback of its electric vehicle strategy as profits came under pressure. Speaking to Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung, Blume said the focus of the latest investment plan was firmly “on Germany and Europe,” particularly in products, technology and infrastructure.Blume added that discussions on an extended savings programme at Porsche are expected to continue into 2026. He also said he does not expect Porsche to grow in China, though localising production across the wider Volkswagen group remains an option. A China-specific Porsche model could make sense at some point, he said.On Audi, Blume noted that any decision on building a manufacturing plant in the United States would depend on whether Washington offers substantial financial support.Blume, who will step down as Porsche CEO in January to concentrate fully on running Volkswagen Group, said his recent contract extension as Volkswagen chief executive until 2030 signalled continued backing from the Porsche and Piëch families as well as the German state of Lower Saxony, the company’s largest shareholders.“But it is true, of course, that shareholders have suffered losses since Porsche went public three years ago. I, too, must face up to this criticism,” he said.





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Power as ‘currency’: Experts say data centre growth lifts demand; India poised for global leadership – The Times of India

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Power as ‘currency’: Experts say data centre growth lifts demand; India poised for global leadership – The Times of India


India’s expanding data centre and artificial intelligence ecosystem could position the country as a global leader in power trade, with experts pointing to surplus electricity capacity and rapid reforms in the power distribution sector, according to speakers at a national conference on energy and technology.Speaking at the National Conference on AI and Machine Learning based solutions in the power sector, Jitendra Srivastava, chairman and managing director of REC Limited, said the rapid rise of AI and data centres is creating a new era where electricity itself becomes a strategic asset, according to ANI.“With the exploding growth of artificial intelligence, with the exploding growth of data centres, with the sheer amount of power required to function these places…We are going to see an era when power will be the currency and we are uniquely placed with its huge potential with its already surplus status. We are poised to become world leaders. We are in a position where we can show the world that power is a tradable commodity and we can be global leaders in this,” Srivastava said.The conference brought together solution providers and power distribution companies with the aim of enabling collaboration and innovation. Shashank Mishra, Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Power, said the initiative was designed to create a common platform for developing new solutions.“Today we are bringing together solution providers and distribution companies on a single platform where they can interact and develop new solutions and ideas. We are also presenting several innovative concepts in the form of solutions, and the best among them will be awarded by the Minister of Power,” Mishra told ANI.He added that the government expects the initiative to be “a transformative” step for the sector.Highlighting ongoing reforms, Srivastava said the Ministry of Power has been driving changes under the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS), with smart metering forming a core pillar of the programme. He stressed that the benefits of smart meters can be fully realised only with the use of advanced analytics.“To understand the advantages of smart metering, it is essential to leverage the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning,” he said, adding that such tools can aid anti-theft measures, load forecasting and system rationalisation.According to Srivastava, the conference seeks to demonstrate how AI- and machine learning-based tools can improve consumer services, assist electricity regulators and help discoms function more efficiently.India’s energy sector has strengthened significantly in recent years, balancing rising demand with sustainability goals. Citing International Energy Agency projections, speakers noted that emerging and developing economies will account for about 85 per cent of the growth in global electricity demand over the next three years, with India playing a central role.As of June 2025, India’s total installed power capacity stood at 476 GW, while power shortages have declined sharply from 4.2 per cent in 2013-14 to 0.1 per cent in 2024-25, according to official data.





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India Sees 3x Jump In US Smartphone Exports In October

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India Sees 3x Jump In US Smartphone Exports In October


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India’s smartphone exports to the US soared to $1.47 billion in October, with global shipments up 49.35 percent to $15.95 billion.

India smartphone export

India smartphone export

India’s smartphone export story continues to get stronger despite a year marked by global tensions and tariff worries. New government data shows that shipments to the US surged more than three times year-on-year (YoY) to $1.47 billion in October, compared to $0.46 billion in the same month last year.

The US market has been a major driver this year. Between April and October, India exported smartphones worth $10.78 billion to Americaa, up sharply from $3.60 billion a year earlier.

The fiscal began on a high note:

April: $1.65 billion

May: $2.29 billion

But shipments dipped through mid-year as the industry adjusted production cycles:

June: $1.99 billion

July: $1.52 billion

August: $0.96 billion

September: $0.88 billion

October brought some stability back, helped by steady demand even as tariff-related uncertainty in the US kept pricing and sentiment on edge.

Interestingly, even during the slowdown months, India’s YoY numbers stayed strong — rising consistently from $0.66 billion in April 2024 to $0.26 billion in September 2024.

Global Exports Also See Robust Growth

India’s smartphone exports worldwide also delivered a strong show. Shipments grew 49.35% to $15.95 billion in April–October 2025, up from $10.68 billion in the same period of the previous year.

Growth stayed in double digits throughout, with standout spikes in:

  • May: up 66.54% to $2.96 billion
  • June: up 66.61% to $2.68 billion
  • September: up 82.27% to $1.68 billion

These numbers highlight India’s fast-growing role in global tech supply chains.

Industry Data Points to a Strengthening Ecosystem

A recent report by the India Cellular and Electronics Association (ICEA) pegged smartphone exports at $1.8 billion in September, nearly 95% higher YoY.

Typically, August and September are slow months due to factory recalibration and seasonal demand patterns. But exports held up unusually well this year — a sign of the maturing manufacturing ecosystem and deeper integration with global brands.

The strong export performance both to the US and globally shows how quickly India is climbing up the electronics value chain. Despite geopolitical tensions and tariff unpredictability, India’s smartphone exports have held firm, pointing to a sector that is becoming more competitive, more resilient, and more central to global supply networks.

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