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SC bars using archaic, demeaning terms in police proceedings, courtrooms

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SC bars using archaic, demeaning terms in police proceedings, courtrooms


Police officers walk past the Supreme Court building in Islamabad on April 6, 2022. — Reuters
  • SC prohibits using “Bakhidmat Janaab SHO” and the term “Faryadi“.
  • Says “Janaab SHO” reflects correct constitutional relationship.
  • Court stresses delays not be used to penalise victims, weaken cases.

ISLAMABAD: In a significant rights-based ruling, the Supreme Court has directed that archaic and demeaning expressions such as “Bakhidmat Janaab SHO” and the term “Faryadi” must no longer be used in police proceedings and courtrooms, emphasising that citizens approach law-enforcement authorities as a matter of legal right and not as supplicants, The News reported on Saturday.

The court clarified that a simple and lawful address, such as “Janaab SHO” reflects the correct constitutional relationship between the citizen and the police, where the latter is duty-bound to serve the public.

The judgement was authored by Justice Salahuddin Panhwar and delivered by a three-member bench comprising Justice Muhammad Hashim Khan Kakar, Justice Salahuddin Panhwar, and Justice Ishtiaq Ibrahim.

It arose from a criminal petition challenging the dismissal of an appeal by the Sindh High Court in a murder case, but the Supreme Court expanded the scope of the judgement to address systemic flaws in policing practices and courtroom language.

The case related to the conviction of Muhammad Bux alias Shahzaib for the murder of Muhammad Abbas, who was shot dead in August 2017 in Tando Ghulam Ali.

Although the informant had approached the police within minutes of the incident and the information was entered into the daily diary, the formal First Information Report (FIR) was registered several hours later. The defence relied heavily on this delay to challenge the prosecution case.

While upholding the conviction on merits, the Supreme Court noted that such delays are frequently caused by police inaction rather than by informants, and should not be used to penalise victims or weaken otherwise credible cases.

The court reaffirmed that under Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, registration of an FIR in respect of a cognisable offence is mandatory and cannot be refused or delayed. It categorically rejected police practices of waiting for funeral rites, conducting preliminary inquiries, or insisting on written applications before registering an FIR.

The judges warned that a delay in FIR registration results in loss or contamination of evidence, particularly forensic evidence, thereby undermining the integrity of the criminal justice process.+

Taking a stern view, the court held that where an officer-in-charge of a police station deliberately delays the registration of an FIR, a legal presumption will arise that such delay was intended to benefit the accused, unless the officer proves otherwise.

Such conduct, the court ruled, may attract criminal liability under Section 201 of the Pakistan Penal Code for causing the disappearance of evidence, in addition to departmental proceedings. Trial courts and magistrates were empowered to initiate such action after issuing a show-cause notice.

The judgement noted that the practice of delayed FIR registration is considerably more prevalent in Sindh. Consequently, the Prosecutor General, Sindh, was directed to submit a report within one month detailing the average delay in registration of FIRs relating to heinous offences over the last two years. The report is to be placed before the Supreme Court through its Karachi Branch Registry for judicial scrutiny.

A substantial portion of the ruling focused on language used in police papers and court proceedings. The court declared the term “Faryadi” legally misconceived and constitutionally impermissible, observing that it portrays a citizen as a seeker of mercy rather than a rights-bearing individual invoking the law. The misuse of these terms, the court observed, blurs statutory distinctions and offends the dignity of citizens protected under the Constitution.

It clarified that a person providing information for registration of an FIR is legally an “informant,” while a “complainant” is one who files a complaint before a magistrate.

Accordingly, district and sessions judges across Sindh were directed to ensure that in lower courts, no informant or complainant is referred to as “Faryadi” while calling a case.

The Supreme Court further ordered that copies of the judgement be circulated to all high courts and district courts across Pakistan for guidance and compliance, terming the ruling a necessary step toward citizen-centric policing, institutional accountability and restoration of constitutional dignity at the very first stage of the criminal justice process.





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What small businesses need to know

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What small businesses need to know


Instagram, Facebook get AI shopping features: What small businesses need to know 

Meta reveals a sweeping series of AI-driven commerce updates at Shoptalk 2026 on Tuesday, March 24, alongside a new company-wide initiative focusing on boosting AI adoption among small businesses.

The social media giant announces new features, including AI-supported product discovery features across Facebook and Instagram that generate summarised user reviews, brand insights, and product recommendations when users interact with ads or retailer links.

The experience also includes AI recommendations where users will be able to interact with ads or retailer links. 

The experience involved AI-generated summaries of customer feedback alongside pricing insights and purchasing options.

Additionally, Meta rolls out an updated built-in checkout flow developed in association with Stripe and PayPal. 

This will enable merchants to handle fulfillment directly. The company also plans to integrate Adyen and Shopify and extend affiliate programs with Amazon, eBay, Temu, Mercado Libre, and Shopee.

Simultaneously, Meta also announced Meta Small Business, a company-wide initiative aimed at fostering entrepreneurship and AI usage. 

Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Meta, announced this, noting that small businesses are at the heart of Meta’s ecosystem, and Dina Powell McCormick and Naomi Gleit, who are both senior executives, will lead this initiative.





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US jury finds Meta and Google liable in social media addiction trial

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US jury finds Meta and Google liable in social media addiction trial


 A 3D printed Meta logo is seen in front of displayed Google logo in this illustration taken on November 2, 2021. — Reuters

A Los Angeles jury found Alphabet’s Google and Meta liable for $3m in damages on Wednesday in a landmark social media addiction lawsuit that will influence thousands of similar cases against the tech companies.

Punitive damages for the companies will be decided next. The jury may consider whether Google or Meta’s products caused the plaintiff physical harm or whether the companies disregarded the health of other users, Judge Carolyn Kuhl said in court.

The case involves a 20-year-old woman who said she became addicted to Google’s YouTube and Meta’s Instagram at a young age because of their attention-grabbing design. The jury found Google and Meta were negligent in the design of both apps and failed to warn about their dangers.

“Today’s verdict is a referendum — from a jury, to an entire industry — that accountability has arrived,” the plaintiff’s lead counsel said in a statement.

Shares of Meta were up 1% and Alphabet shares were up 0.2%, little changed after the verdict.

Meta disagrees with the verdict and its lawyers are “evaluating our legal options,” a company spokesperson said. Google plans to appeal, said company spokesperson José Castañeda.

The plaintiffs in the Los Angeles proceeding focused on platform design rather than content, making it harder for the companies to avert liability.

Snap and TikTok were also defendants in the trial. Both were settled with the plaintiff before it began. Terms of the agreements were not disclosed.

Mounting criticism

Large technology companies in the US have faced mounting criticism in the last decade over child and teen safety. The debate has now shifted to courts and state governments. The US Congress has declined to pass comprehensive legislation regulating social media.

At least 20 states enacted laws last year on social media usage and children, according to the nonpartisan National Conference of State Legislatures, an organisation that tracks state laws.

The legislation includes bills that regulate the use of cellphones in schools and require users to verify their ages to open a social media account. NetChoice, a trade association backed by tech companies such as Meta and Google, is seeking to invalidate age verification requirements in court.

A separate social media addiction case brought by several states and school districts against technology companies is expected to go to trial this summer in federal court in Oakland, California.

Another state trial is slated to begin in Los Angeles in July, said Matthew Bergman, one of the attorneys leading the cases for the plaintiffs. It will involve Instagram, YouTube, TikTok and Snapchat.

Separately, a New Mexico jury on Tuesday found Meta violated state law in a lawsuit brought by the state’s attorney general, who accused the company of misleading users about the safety of Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp and of enabling child sexual exploitation on those platforms.





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Graham Carey’s partner Rachel Borthwick passes away in India after breast cancer battle

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Graham Carey’s partner Rachel Borthwick passes away in India after breast cancer battle


Graham Carey’s partner Rachel Borthwick passes away in India after breast cancer battle

Irish footballer Graham Carey announced the demise of his wife, Rachel Borthwick, at the age of 37.

Borthwick passed away on Sunday, March 22, in Delhi, India, for her further treatment of breast cancer.

She fought with cancer for four-and-a-half years.

She travelled to India to explore further medical options after being told that there were no remaining treatments available in the UK.

Her parents were also there by her side.

In September 2021, the mother-of-two diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer following the discovery of a lump.

Later, her cancer became undetectable after receiving initial treatment. However, a new tumour was found in March 2023.

On social media, Carey, who is currently playing for Scottish Championship club Dunfermline Athletic, paid an emotional tribute to his wife, writing: “No words can describe the pain and sadness of having to explain to my babies that their beautiful Mummy and best friend will not be coming home. They are her whole world and always will be. It was her only motivation over these past few years dealing with this horrible illness.”

“Our babies will always remember how unbelievably strong and brave you have been until the very end. I know you will always be looking down on them, protecting them and guiding them. They can take some comfort that their mummy is no longer in any pain and can now rest in peace. We will always love you more than you could ever know,” he added.

In the same post, Carey mentioned that Rachel passed away peacefully at CK Birla Hospital in Delhi, India.

“We want to thank everyone who has supported Rachel throughout her journey—through donations, messages, prayers, and kindness. It meant more to her, and to all of us, than we can ever truly express,” he thanked for the tributes and condolences. 





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