The key benefit of EPF investments is that up to Rs 1.50 lakh is tax exempt per financial year. (Representative/Shutterstock)

As the concern for retirement looms large over every employed individual, the question of financial security post-retirement is a pressing one. Without a job, expenses remain unchanged, and relying solely on the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) may not suffice.

Here’s how individuals can prepare for old age while still working:

What Is EPF?

The Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF), managed by the EPFO, is a retirement investment plan where employees contribute up to 12% of their basic salary and DA monthly. Employers match this contribution, with a minimum of Rs 1,800 and a maximum of 12% of the employee’s basic salary and DA.

Of this 12 percent, 8.33 percent goes to the EPF, while the remaining 3.67 percent is allocated to the Employees’ Pension Fund (EPS), which provides a monthly pension upon retirement.

The EPFO offers an annual compound interest rate of 8.25 percent on these contributions. Employees also have the option to exceed the 12 percent contribution limit, with the excess amount being credited to the Voluntary Provident Fund (VPF). The key benefit of EPF investments is that up to Rs 1.50 lakh is tax exempt per financial year under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act, 1961, and the interest earned and maturity amount are tax-free.

EPF falls under the exempt-exempt-exempt (EEE) category. However, in VPF, tax exemption applies only up to 12 percent of the basic salary and DA, with returns on contributions above this amount being taxable. Given these significant tax benefits, experts often recommend investing up to the 12 percent limit.

Understanding SIP

Another investment option to consider is a Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) in mutual funds. SIPs allow individuals to invest a predetermined amount daily, monthly, quarterly, or annually. The investment amount can be increased annually through top-up SIPs. SIPs offer rupee-cost averaging, where the net asset value (NAV) fluctuates with market conditions.

When the market is high, fewer SIPs are purchased, but the investment value increases; when the market is low, more NAVs are acquired, but the investment value decreases. Additionally, SIP investments benefit from compounded growth, allowing investments to grow exponentially over time.

Investors who prefer smaller, regular contributions over lump sum investments often choose SIPs.

EPS vs SIP: How To Reach Rs 1.5 Crore Target Faster

Comparing EPF and SIP, if one aims to reach a retirement goal of Rs 1.50 crore, it’s essential to note that EPF offers guaranteed returns in the form of interest, whereas SIP is market-linked with potentially higher returns but also risks of negative returns if the market falls.

Since the exact returns of a SIP are uncertain, a standard 12% return is assumed for calculation purposes.

If one starts contributing at the age of 25, continuing until 60, EPF will require a monthly investment of Rs 6,350 to achieve a corpus of Rs 1.50 crore, yielding Rs 1,50,29,133.18 after 35 years.

Conversely, with SIPs, a monthly investment of Rs 6,350 starting at age 25 can reach the Rs 1.50 crore goal in 27 years, with an investment amount of Rs 20,57,400 and long-term capital gains of Rs 1,34,15,875, totalling Rs 1,54,73,275.