Fashion
The future of footwear amid economic fragmentation and the digital revolution
Published
January 6, 2026
As part of an international conference organised under the auspices of the FAIST programme (Agile, Intelligent, Sustainable, and Technological Factory) and promoted by APICCAPS* and CTCP**, Vasco Rodrigues, a professor at Portugal’s Catholic University, presented an overview of the global footwear industry, charting its history, examining its present, and outlining its future prospects.
In his view, China’s entry into the WTO in 2001 was a genuine turning point for the sector. In the first five years of membership, China’s exports more than doubled and continued to grow markedly, although the pace has slowed since 2015. This prompted major international manufacturers to diversify their supply chains, relocating production to Asia and exporting from China.
An overwhelming majority of production takes place in Asia
Today, 90% of the 24 billion pairs of shoes produced worldwide come from Asia. The main producers are China, followed by India (whose exports are virtually non-existent), Vietnam, Indonesia, and Pakistan. Notably, each of these countries manufactures more shoes than Europe as a whole, which accounts for just 2.3% of global output.
In terms of footwear consumption, Asia once again leads. Europeans buy four pairs of shoes per person a year, North Americans five, and Africans just one pair, making Africa the least tapped continental market. Trade flows show that Asia is the principal hub of the global footwear trade.
Comfort and technology, two essential factors in footwear
However, shifts in consumer preferences and distribution channels have brought about significant changes in the market. Vasco Rodrigues cites, for example, the rise of e-commerce and the declining importance of independent shoe boutiques, eclipsed by major retail chains. Professor Rodrigues notes: “Thanks to e-commerce, we can reach the whole world, but not all companies have the structure and capabilities required to engage in this type of business.”

Several factors could reshape the global footwear industry, beginning with demographics, according to Vasco Rodrigues. United Nations data indicate that Asia and Africa are the two most populous regions, and Europe is the only continent where a population decline is expected. The picture is more nuanced at country level.
An unstable international environment
While consumer preferences are harder to predict, several key determinants have been identified, such as comfort, consumers’ sensitivity to sustainability, and their level of trust in the product. Technology is also seen as a driving force that could shape the sector’s future.
On the economic front, the conference noted that the industry is going through a period of fragmentation and the re-formation of blocs. “The trajectory of the US is highly unpredictable, and projections point to uneven global economic growth,” stresses Rodrigues. He notes that growth in Europe is likely to be relatively slow compared with other regions, and that the risk of a crisis in China remains a concern.
*Portuguese Footwear, Components and Leather Goods Manufacturers’ Association.
** Portuguese Footwear Technology Centre.
FashionNetwork.com with World Footwear
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Fashion
Israel’s Delta Galil posts record $2.12 bn sales in 2025 on DTC push
The gross profit expanded 5 per cent to a record $900.3 million from $856.3 million, while gross margin improved 60 basis points (bps) to 42.5 per cent. The improvement was driven by a higher DTC mix, operational efficiency gains across manufacturing facilities and favourable exchange-rate movements, partly offset by US tariff impacts.
Delta Galil has reported record 2025 sales of $2.12 billion, up 4 per cent, driven by DTC growth and organic expansion.
Gross profit rose 5 per cent, while EBIT and net income declined due to tariffs and higher expenses.
Q4 sales reached $611.1 million with strong digital momentum.
The company declared a $10 million dividend and expects high-single-digit sales and double-digit profit growth in 2026.
Operating profitability moderated despite revenue growth. EBIT excluding non-core items declined to $174.2 million, representing 8.2 per cent of sales, compared with $184.1 million or 9 per cent in 2024. Reported EBIT stood at $164.4 million versus $169.2 million previously, reflecting tariff effects and increased SG&A expenses linked to retail expansion initiatives, Delta Galil said in a press release.
Net income excluding non-core items decreased 5 per cent to $102.6 million, while reported net income reached $93.7 million compared with $94.6 million in the prior year. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) excluding non-core items were $3.55, down from $3.82, with reported EPS at $3.21.
EBITDA excluding IFRS 16 stood at $209.1 million compared with $217.1 million in 2024. Cash flow from operating activities excluding IFRS 16 amounted to $131.8 million, versus $153.1 million a year earlier.
Financial position remained strong at year end, with cash of $135.8 million and record shareholders’ equity of $903.6 million. Net debt to EBITDA excluding IFRS 16 increased to 0.9x from 0.6x, reflecting ongoing investment in production capacity and distribution infrastructure.
“I am proud of our performance throughout 2025, which reflects the strength and commitment of our team, the resilience of our balance sheet, our culture of continuous improvement, and the power of our global platform. Together, these fundamentals give us confidence that we are well positioned for another year of profitable growth,” said Isaac Dabah, CEO of Delta Galil.
In the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2025, sales rose 2 per cent YoY to a record $611.1 million from $599.2 million. DTC sales of owned brands, excluding Bare Necessities, advanced 15 per cent in both the quarter and full year, while own-web sales surged 27 per cent in the quarter, marking the twelfth consecutive quarter of double-digit growth.
The gross profit in Q4 climbed 5 per cent to $263.2 million, with gross margin expanding 140 bps to 43.1 per cent. EBIT excluding non-core items declined to $59.3 million from $64.7 million, while reported EBIT reached $51.1 million versus $53.1 million a year earlier. Net income excluding non-core items dropped 13 per cent to $35.5 million, and reported net income stood at $28.0 million. Operating cash flow excluding IFRS 16 strengthened to $89.5 million from $64.3 million, reflecting improved working-capital dynamics.
Delta Galil declared Q4 dividend of $10 million, or $0.3825 per share, payable on March 11, 2026.
“Our fourth quarter capped an outstanding year of execution in what has been a challenging retail environment. We successfully navigated the impact of US tariffs, expanded programmes with key global customers, and delivered record sales driven by organic growth across most of our channels, geographies, and product lines. At the same time, we continued to make strategic investments in our factories and distribution centers to improve efficiencies, which enhanced our operations, brands and capabilities,” added Dabah.
Looking ahead, Delta Galil expects continued growth momentum in 2026 and guided for sales of $2.29-$2.33 billion, EBIT of $204-212 million and EBITDA of $324-332 million, alongside net income of $116-123 million and diluted EPS of $4-4.23, signalling high-single-digit revenue growth and double-digit profitability expansion compared with 2025.
Fibre2Fashion News Desk (SG)
Fashion
Minister Piyush Goyal sets quality mantra for $35 trn India by 2047
At the conclave organised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) in association with the Quality Council of India (QCI), Goyal emphasised that quality must become the defining mantra of India’s manufacturing and export ecosystem, asserting that Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of ‘zero defect, zero effect’ will serve as the cornerstone of India’s growth story in the Amrit Kaal.
Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal said India’s $30–35 trillion economy goal by 2047 hinges on zero defect, zero effect and inclusive growth, making quality central to manufacturing and exports.
Addressing the National Quality Conclave, he stressed uniform global standards, skilling, better testing infrastructure and leveraging FTAs to achieve the $2 trillion export target.
Goyal underscored that no country can progress merely as a consumer; it must establish itself as a globally recognised producer of high-quality goods and services. He emphasised that brand India must stand for quality, reliability and trust. Noting that India has been the world’s fastest-growing large economy for the past four years and is poised to become the third-largest GDP in the next two to two-and-a-half years, he said the country’s $2 trillion export target—comprising $1 trillion in merchandise and $1 trillion in services within the next six to seven years—can only be achieved through uncompromising quality standards, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry said in a press release.
Highlighting India’s expanding trade outreach, Goyal said that nine Free Trade Agreements finalised in the past three to three-and-a-half years with 38 developed countries now cover nearly two-thirds of global GDP and trade. These agreements, he noted, open new opportunities in sectors such as textiles, leather, footwear and pharmaceuticals, provided Indian products consistently meet the highest global benchmarks. He reiterated that India’s current share in global trade remains modest, even in competitive and labour-intensive sectors, and urged industry to leverage new market access opportunities created through these agreements.
Recalling earlier challenges, Goyal remarked that Indian consumers were once compelled to seek ‘export quality’ products, reflecting a dual-quality ecosystem. He stressed that such a culture must be decisively replaced with uniform, high standards for both domestic and international markets. He lauded the QCI and DPIIT for taking the message of quality to the grassroots through extensive consultations across clusters and sectors.
Outlining a five-pillar action agenda to institutionalise quality, the minister emphasised the need for clearly defined standard operating processes with strict compliance and continuous inspection from raw material to finished product stage; skilling and re-skilling of the workforce to reduce wastage and enhance productivity, particularly in sectors such as textiles; undertaking gap analysis and benchmarking with global best practices to improve competitiveness and environmental outcomes; streamlining testing and certification protocols to reduce delays and costs; and strengthening shared infrastructure through modern, automated testing facilities across manufacturing clusters.
Goyal assured that funds would not be a constraint for establishing high-quality testing infrastructure. He encouraged industry to seek support under the Export Promotion Mission (EPM) for international approvals and compliance requirements, including REACH regulations, CBAM verification, SPS and TBT measures, and other non-tariff barriers. He stated that government support would particularly benefit micro and small enterprises in accessing global markets and meeting international standards, the release added.
The conclave represents a first-of-its-kind national initiative structured around extensive on-ground consultations with industry and MSMEs to directly capture shop-floor and supply-chain insights and integrate them into policy deliberations and the development of sector-specific quality roadmaps. Series 1 of the conclave brought together senior policymakers, industry leaders, regulators and key stakeholders from four priority manufacturing sectors — textiles, leather, footwear and pharmaceuticals — identified for their strong export potential, extensive MSME participation and contribution to employment generation.
The conclave adopted a sector-differentiated, evidence-driven three-stage engagement process over two months across more than twenty cities to ensure actionable outcomes. In the leather sector, 25+ nationwide consultations and 15+ Gunvatta Manthan dialogues were conducted with participation from 65+ industry stakeholders and MSMEs. The textiles sector engagement comprised 30+ nationwide consultations and 10+ Gunvatta Manthan dialogues engaging 10+ stakeholders and MSMEs, while the pharmaceuticals sector saw focused discussions through 7+ nationwide consultations involving 55+ stakeholders and MSMEs. The programme covered 14 manufacturing clusters and engaged over 50 government and regulatory bodies through a twin-track approach involving both private sector stakeholders and government agencies.
Fibre2Fashion News Desk (RR)
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