Business
The green steel firms looking to revive US steel making
Chris BaraniukTechnology Reporter
Boston MetalAn activity centre for babies and toddlers, an Indian restaurant, an indoor golf centre – and a mini experimental steel plant. These businesses are among those that make up a small retail and industrial estate in the city of Woburn, Massachusetts.
“People are dropping off their kids. That kind of shows you an extreme example of what the future of steel looks like,” says Adam Rauwerdink, vice president of business development at US-based green steel start-up, Boston Metal. “You can be making steel and sharing a parking lot with a daycare.”
Boston Metal has come up with a way of using electricity to remove oxides and other contaminants from iron ore, which is the substance you have to mine from the Earth before you can make new steel.
The process involves distributing the ore within an electrolyte and then using electricity to heat this mixture to 1,600C. Molten iron then separates from impurities and can be tapped off.
Traditionally, extracting that all-important iron from ores requires blast furnaces that run on fossil fuels. But the iron and steel industry are responsible for 11% of global emissions – a huge amount, equivalent to all the world’s private cars and vans – and so now a race is on to find greener ways of producing these important metals.
US companies are, arguably, at the forefront. Steelmaking in the US is already greener than in many countries, thanks to the popularity of electric arc furnaces there. These furnaces use electricity, not heat from burning fossil fuels, to melt scrap steel – for example – and recycle it.
Plus, a handful of emerging start-ups such as Boston Metal say they can go one better and use electricity for the iron-making process, a crucial step in making brand new, or virgin, steel.
However, the Trump administration has taken a less than enthusiastic stance towards renewable energy and decarbonisation projects. It remains to be seen whether these new start-ups will make a big, molten splash in the steel industry any time soon.
Switching from traditional blast furnaces to electric arc furnaces can lower carbon emissions per tonne of steel produced from 2.32 tonnes of CO2 to 0.67 tonnes of CO2.
For iron-making, some plants could use green hydrogen – made using electricity from 100% renewable sources – says Simon Nicholas, lead steel analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis.
But switching iron and steel-making plants over to green hydrogen hasn’t gone as smoothly as some had expected.
In June, Cleveland-Cliffs, a major US steel producer, appeared to back away from its plans to build a $500m (£375m) hydrogen-powered steel plant in Ohio. The BBC has contacted Cleveland-Cliffs for comment.
“We’re seeing projects cancelled, proponents pulling out of projects all over the place,” says Mr Nicholas, of green hydrogen initiatives, specifically.
Bloomberg via Getty ImagesPlus, there is a limit to how much steel-making can rely on electric arc furnaces since they currently largely rely on a supply of scrap steel.
A relatively low supply of scrap steel in China, versus demand, has slowed the rollout of electric arc furnaces there, according to some analyses.
These headaches would suggest that there is a niche for companies developing alternative ways of making iron and steel. Boston Metal is one.
“It looks a lot like how we make iron and steel today – it’s a lot easier to conceive how that would get to scale [as a result],” says Paul Kempler, an expert in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering at the University of Oregon.
However, he notes that there are still challenges in ensuring that electrolysis systems like this don’t corrode too quickly over time. Boston Metal says it hopes to have its first demonstration-scale steel plant operational by 2028.
ElectraSeparately, the US firm Electra is taking a different approach to producing highly purified iron from ores. Unlike Boston Metal, Electra’s process runs at a relatively low temperature, around 60-100C. First, iron ore is dissolved into an acidic solution and then an electrical charge causes the iron to collect onto metal plates. This is similar to the process currently used for making sheets of copper and zinc today.
“These plates are extracted automatically out of the solution and the iron is harvested,” says Sandeep Nijhawan, co-founder and chief executive. A demonstration plant in Colorado, which could produce 500 tonnes of iron annually, is currently set to open next year.
Initially, iron produced in this manner would cost more than iron made using traditional techniques. But that “green premium” could fall away should the company be able to scale sufficiently, says Mr Nijhawan.
Bloomberg via Getty ImagesMr Nicholas says that emerging technologies such as this are hopeful, but one challenge they face is in breaking into the market in a big way within just a few years, since the need to slash emissions and curb climate change is become more and more urgent: “We’re running short of time for addressing carbon emissions.”
Companies such as Electra and Boston Metal offer a completely different vision of the steel-making industry but they won’t get far without further investment – and a market that appreciates what they are doing.
President Donald Trump’s tariffs on steel imports to the US are supposedly designed to protect the domestic steel industry – and yet they risk raising the cost of steel substantially for US customers.
I ask whether Dr Rauwerdink, for one, is happy to see this move, or not. “We’re quite happy to see the strong focus on critical metals,” he says, arguing the tariffs are “beneficial” for Boston Metal.
Though he acknowledges that US government’s attitude towards renewable electricity, which Boston Metal says it want to prioritise as an energy source, has changed lately. And, globally, keeping the cost of renewable energy low is important for any firm hoping to electrify industries previously dominated by fossil fuels.
“The industry has growing pains there, for sure,” he says.
Business
Fare relief move: Air India waives change, cancellation fees on domestic bookings after IndiGo disruption – The Times of India
Five days after widespread flight disruptions triggered by IndiGo cancellations, Tata Group-owned Air India on Saturday announced a special waiver on change and cancellation charges for eligible domestic bookings, aiming to offer relief to affected travellers, PTI reported.The airline said customers who booked tickets on Air India or its subsidiary Air India Express on or before December 4 for travel up to December 15 can make a one-time change or cancellation without paying the usual fee, provided the request is made by December 8, 2025. In case of rescheduling, any fare difference will still be applicable.
Under the waiver, passengers can either reschedule their journeys to a later date within the validity of the purchased ticket without paying rescheduling charges or cancel their bookings and receive a full refund, with no cancellation fee applied, the airline said.Air India also said it, along with Air India Express, has “proactively” capped economy-class airfares on non-stop domestic routes from December 4 to prevent price spikes driven by automated demand-supply algorithms. The carriers are also in the process of ensuring compliance with the latest directive issued by the Civil Aviation Ministry on airfare caps.
Business
IndiGo cancellations: How to track flight & refund status online; step-by-step guide – The Times of India
IndiGo flight cancellations latest news: IndiGo has said that it expects to operate more than 1500 flights by day’s end on Saturday, having restored over 95% of network connectivity by serving 135 out of 138 operational destinations. IndiGo typically operates 2300 flights daily. IndiGo has said that its personnel are working to normalise operations, minimise flight delays and assist passengers during this challenging period.IndiGo operated merely 700 flights on Friday, indicating 1,600 flight cancellations. IndiGo’s CEO Pieter Elbers acknowledged the extensive cancellations, confirming “over 1,000 flights” were cancelled on Friday.
The airline recorded the largest number of flight cancellations by an Indian carrier in the nation’s aviation history. Additionally, IndiGo’s on-time-performance plummeted to 3.7 per cent on Friday due to operational disruptions caused by the implementation of new pilot duty and rest period regulations, according to the Civil Aviation Ministry website.Starting November 1, the second phase of these regulations redefined night hours from 12am-6am, altered from the previous 12am-5am, and reduced permitted night landings from six to two. These changes affect all domestic airlines in India.The Gurugram-based carrier IndiGo, partly owned by Rahul Bhatia, has obtained temporary relief from DGCA, allowing them to revert to the previous night duty definition of 12am to 5am and permitting pilots to perform six night landings.“Addressing the recent disruptions in our network, we had cancelled a significant number of flights and operated little above 700 flights yesterday connecting 113 destinations. The main objective was to reboot the network, systems, and rosters so that we could start afresh today with a higher number of flights, improved stability, and there are some early signs of improvement. While we understand that we have a long way to go, we are committed to build back the trust of our customers….We apologise once again,” the airline said in a statement today.
How To Track IndiGo Flight Status ?
If you are planning to fly on an IndiGo flight over the next few days, it is important to check the flight status before heading to the airport. Here is a step-by-step guide to check IndiGo flight status:1. Go to goindigo.in/check-flight-status.html 2. Enter your PNR details and travel date, click on search flight to get the latest flight status
How To Track IndiGo Refund Status ?
The airline issued a statement confirming that it is handling all passenger refund requests with urgency.Here is a step-by-step guide how you can track your refund status on the IndiGo website:1. Go to goindigo.in/refund.html2. Enter PNR details — enter your PNR / booking reference number and your Email ID or last name.3. Click to view the “Refund Summary.” This will show you the current status of your refund — whether it’s still processing, completed, etc.According to the civil aviation ministry’s directive, all refunds for cancelled or disrupted flights must be processed by 8 pm on Sunday. The ministry has said, “Airlines have also been instructed not to levy any rescheduling charges for passengers whose travel plans were affected by cancellations.”The ministry has directed IndiGo to establish dedicated units for passenger assistance and refund processing.The statement noted, “These cells have been tasked to proactively contact affected passengers and ensure that refunds and alternative travel arrangements are processed without the need for multiple follow-ups. The system of automatic refunds will remain active until operations stabilise completely.”Additionally, the ministry has mandated that the airline must locate and return any misplaced luggage resulting from flight cancellations or delays to passengers within 48 hours.
Airfares capped
The aviation ministry has issued a two-page directive implementing fare restrictions due to capacity limitations and unjustified price increases across various routes. The civil aviation ministry’s order clarifies that business class and UDAN flights are exempt from these fare restrictions.The directive lacks specificity regarding the application of these limits to economy class tickets exclusively or their extension to premium economy seats as well.The prescribed fare structure sets maximum limits of Rs 7,500 for flights covering distances up to 500 kilometres, Rs 12,000 for 500-1,000 kilometres, Rs 15,000 for 1,000-1,500 kilometres, and Rs 18,000 for flights exceeding 1,500 kilometres.For illustration, on the Delhi-Mumbai route spanning over 1,300 kilometres, economy class fares cannot exceed Rs 18,000.The ministry’s statement indicates these restrictions will remain effective until conditions normalise.These caps exclude additional costs such as User Development Fee (UDF), Passenger Service Fee (PSF), and air ticket taxes.
Business
Volkswagen capex recalibration: Automaker pares 2030 investment to $186 bn; China, US headwinds grow – The Times of India
Volkswagen Group plans to invest €160 billion ($186 billion) through 2030, a scaled-down outlay that reflects tightening capital allocation as Europe’s largest automaker grapples with mounting pressure in its two biggest markets — China and the United States, Reuters reported.The investment figure, announced by Volkswagen CEO Oliver Blume, is part of the company’s rolling five-year capital expenditure plan, which is updated annually. The latest commitment compares with €165 billion earmarked for 2025–2029 and €180 billion for 2024–2028, with 2024 marking the peak year for spending.Since that peak, the group — which houses brands such as Porsche and Audi — has been squeezed by higher costs and weaker margins, hit by US tariffs on imported vehicles and intensifying competition in China. The strain has been felt most acutely at Porsche, which derives nearly half of its sales from the US and China combined.Porsche recently unveiled a significant rollback of its electric vehicle strategy as profits came under pressure. Speaking to Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung, Blume said the focus of the latest investment plan was firmly “on Germany and Europe,” particularly in products, technology and infrastructure.Blume added that discussions on an extended savings programme at Porsche are expected to continue into 2026. He also said he does not expect Porsche to grow in China, though localising production across the wider Volkswagen group remains an option. A China-specific Porsche model could make sense at some point, he said.On Audi, Blume noted that any decision on building a manufacturing plant in the United States would depend on whether Washington offers substantial financial support.Blume, who will step down as Porsche CEO in January to concentrate fully on running Volkswagen Group, said his recent contract extension as Volkswagen chief executive until 2030 signalled continued backing from the Porsche and Piëch families as well as the German state of Lower Saxony, the company’s largest shareholders.“But it is true, of course, that shareholders have suffered losses since Porsche went public three years ago. I, too, must face up to this criticism,” he said.
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