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What should platform engineering look like? | Computer Weekly

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What should platform engineering look like? | Computer Weekly


Platform engineering is based on the principles of product management and the product model applied to digital and IT systems. Fast-moving digital teams show resistance to strict process frameworks such as the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and IT service management (ITSM), and autonomous digital or IT product teams are becoming self-sufficient, reducing the need for traditional infrastructure engineers.

Platform engineering, grounded in product management principles, offers an approach to modernising IT operations. By injecting product thinking into platform teams, Forrester believes technology organisations can position themselves for the future.

What is platform engineering?

Forrester has compiled a capability model for platform engineering that includes frequently covered technical aspects and less frequently covered management capabilities. It is an inventory of things you should think deeply about and ensure you have covered via your organisational resources, which might include not only dedicated organisations, but also cross-functional processes, enablement teams, or other mechanisms.

Your capabilities are how your customers experience the platform. They are your front door, so to speak. Your customers will discover your platform, onboard onto it, provision it, interact with its application programming interfaces (APIs), leverage patterns for security and performance, and call for help via these capabilities. And no, there is no such thing as an entirely automated self-service platform.

Users and developers need to be able to discover the platform and its services. Managing your platform like a product means you understand the onboarding journey of users and invite them to be part of the process of defining – and even contributing to – developer platform capabilities.

They will expect easy, frictionless authorisation and access, with few, if any, human-in-the-loop workflow-based approvals. Once provisioned and actively developing, they will need information about the ongoing status of the services they are consuming.

Usually, larger organisations will have a service catalogue or portal capability for IT services. If this does not exist, you must fund and create it. Developer-focused portals – for example, Spotify Backstage, Harness Internal Developer Portal, Atlassian Compass – are gaining popularity. Toyota of North America, for instance, includes consumable blueprints, a discoverable software catalogue, education and training resources, and operational reporting for FinOps and other metrics in its developer portal.

Access to platform services and resources is typically a two-stage process, with initial provisioning (setting up accounts) followed by day-to-day demand (provisioning virtual machines, clusters, and so on). While setting up the account may require some human approvals, day-to-day demand requires API access.

A platform that cannot provision, configure and manage base resources via APIs is not a true platform. Typically, platforms support APIs to instantiate and configure required resources, such as processing nodes, data stores, queues, pipelines and observability probes. There are significant API design questions. Many organisations generally have API engineering capabilities, but may not have explored the nuances of supporting self-service provisioning. 

Users of the platform also require ready access to documentation on how to use it. How will these be created and maintained? Typically, a wiki is used for core system quick starts and how-to guides. Forrester recommends documenting patterns as code and managing them via source control. It is also advisable to define the processes, roles and responsibilities for those in charge of these resources. Saying that it is everyone’s responsibility is tempting, but that approach does not work at scale or in the long run.

Support is another key capability. Platforms are typically highly leveraged. Users building tenant applications may not understand the system. The system may not behave as expected. For these and other reasons, you will likely need some level of on-call support. Human contact is required, even in the age of ChatGPT.

Most organisations have ticketed support management, such as with BMC Software and ServiceNow, for example. This may be used to support the base platforms, and tenant applications may leverage it. However, as Forrester notes, fewer have a robust major incident/critical event management capability, which is essential. Such capabilities are based on products like PagerDuty or Everbridge.

Operational capabilities 

The focus for many platform engineering architectures and frameworks is the operational capabilities, especially those that are more technical. While there are many kinds of infrastructure platform components, the fundamental DevOps chain capabilities appear in most platform engineering discussions.

Forrester recommends that deployments and operational architectures are controlled for governance and policy. Increasingly, this is done as code, such as through Open Policy Agent and similar approaches. Required design patterns, configurations and hardening standards should all be checked. Are software-bill-of-materials (SBOM) checks increasingly mandatory? What are the consequences if they fail? If there is a change management process, how is risk calculated? Are chaos tests recommended or required by policy?

The platform’s direct (administrative/developer) users must be identified and authorised, and the products and applications they are building will require identity and access services, which might be quite different from the services controlling administrator access to the platform. Which are you supporting?

Forrester recommends that IT decision-makers check whether common directory services are available to administrators, if there is privileged access management and, if multifactor authentication (MFA) is being used, whether single sign-on, and/or directory services are available for users of the tenants. The pipeline needs to offer security testing such as software composition analysis, SBOM generation and static application security testing.

Considering that applications, or workloads, are installed on resources once provisioned, it is useful to have a full set of development pipeline resources within infrastructure platforms. These should include access to source control and package management, perhaps via proxying cloud services such as GitHub or GitLab. 

In addition, the IT infrastructure on which the workload is deployed will require provisioning of base IT resources, which will need to be configured and managed. This is generally achieved through infrastructure automation. IT decision-makers should check whether run-time provisioning is based on Terraform or is hyperscaler-specific. Does the platform provide a proxy layer to a cloud provider?

Once initially provisioned, configuration may be a separate concern – for example, with Red Hat, Chef, or Perforce Software [Puppet] – which can also control for drift. There is a wide variation, which depends on technical feasibility.

Deployment support

Platform engineering can include AIOps, so IT decision-makers should also look at how the platform itself is monitored and observed, and how operational insights are generated.

What is the relationship between AIOps and action (for example, support)? Forrester recommends that IT decision-makers assess services like monitoring, logging and tracing that are available to tenant applications. How is user experience understood? For instance, an application performance management or AIOps tool might be available as part of the platform for real-time insights that span platforms and encompass the whole IT estate. These insights may then be published on a developer portal.

Finally, Forrester notes the significance of platform reliability. IT decision-makers should assess how the platform itself is managed for resilience, availability and learning. For example, site reliability engineers might have a specific function in defining the platform approach, leading major incident response and retrospectives, and reviewing operations. A retrospective could lead to identifying a risk for which a chaos engineering approach might be used as a control.

Overall, Forrester regards platform engineering as a viable approach to tackle traditional team silos in areas such as compute, storage, networking and middleware, where teams struggle to meet market demands for innovation and employees prefer a collaborative and responsive work environment. As such, product-centric thinking in IT platform management can be used to enhance service delivery.


This article is based on an excerpt of The Forrester platform engineering capability model. The author, Charles Betz, is vice-president principal analyst and leads Forrester’s enterprise architecture team.



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Are DJI Drones Still Banned?

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Are DJI Drones Still Banned?


As of December 23, 2025, the US Federal Communications Commission barred Chinese-based drone maker DJI from importing any new drones into the United State. That might sound like you can’t buy a DJI drone right now, but that’s not true. Head over to Amazon and just about the whole DJI drone lineup is still for sale. So what gives? Are they banned or not?

The key word in the previous paragraph was any new drone. Nothing DJI has made in the past is banned. No one is taking your drone away. It’s still perfectly legal to fly a drone. And this isn’t just a DJI ban. It’s a ban on foreign-made drones, which includes those from companies such as DJI, Autel Robotics, HoverAir, and thers. That DJI is singled out in headlines has more to do with its market dominance than the way the rules are written.

I’d like to say that with the biggest competitor essentially removed from the market that US-based companies are swooping in with new drones. Actually we did say that once about Skydio, and we even liked the Skydio drone we tested, but since then Skydio has shifted away from the consumer market.

No New Drones

Courtesy of DJI

While it’s good news that the old stuff is still for sale, it’s unlikely that any new drones will arrive.

In order to sell in the United States, anything that uses radio frequency components has to be approved by the FCC. Drones use radio frequencies when flying, so they fall under FCC jurisdiction. Because none of the drone companies have had the security review they need by an approved US agency, they have all been placed on what’s called the Covered List. Companies on the Covered List do not have approval to import products into the US, effectively banning them.

There’s some evidence that wheels are turning somewhere, in a way that could spell good news for consumer drone flyers. Last week, the FCC amended its Covered List to exempt drones and components already approved by the Defense Contract Management Agency’s Blue UAS list. The FCC says in its public statement, “The DoW has determined that UAS and UAS critical components included on Defense Contract Management Agency’s (DCMA’s) Blue UAS list do not currently present unacceptable risks to the national security of the United States or to the safety and security of US persons.”

For the most part, this doesn’t really impact consumer drones, unless you were in the market for a $13.6k Parrot Anafi USA Gov edition thermal drone, but it’s better than silence, which has been the primary thing we’ve heard leading up to the December ban.



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Zayo expands network across Iberian Peninsula | Computer Weekly

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Zayo expands network across Iberian Peninsula | Computer Weekly


In a move described as underscoring the company’s strategic focus on pan-European connectivity amid rising data demands from artificial intelligence (AI), cloud and next-generation technologies, Zayo Europe has launched a “landmark” network in Iberia.

Operating across 13 countries and connecting 47 markets, Zayo already connects more than 600 datacentres with a “future-ready” network spanning over 2.7 million fibre kilometres and eight subsea systems. The company said its mission is to deliver the infrastructure that powers Europe’s digital economy, offering tailored connectivity solutions that enable telecom service providers, cloud platforms, datacentres, system integrators and enterprises to deliver the network performance they require from core to cloud to edge.

Following a recent expansion in the German Market, Iberia has become the next strategic link for Zayo, furthering the reach of its pan-European network. The new network will encompass the region’s leading cities including Madrid, Lisbon, Barcelona, Bilbao and Sines.

It is being delivered in partnership with Spanish dark fibre operator Reintel, which boasts more than 54,000km of interconnected fibre infrastructure across Spain. The company provides neutral and high-quality connectivity products through a network of sites linked to both the energy and railway sectors.

Zayo Europe sees the partnership marking a major milestone as brings its 400GE enabled wavelength network to the Iberian Peninsula, as well as expanding its Tier-1 IP offering to Portugal and to more Spanish cities.

The collaboration will look to deliver low-latency, high-capacity connectivity across Iberia, connecting the key business hubs. The partners see the new route as a way to enhance network diversity, reduce deployment times and strengthen connectivity options for businesses and carriers operating in the region.

Spanning over 3,500km of fibre across Iberia, Zayo Europe’s network will look to enable “seamless” datacentre-to-datacentre connectivity, faster cloud adoption and high-performance handling of data-intensive workloads. The move is set to strengthen Zayo Europe’s global reach, linking Iberia to international networks across the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and supporting the digital transformation of businesses across multiple continents.

“This partnership marks another important step in Zayo Europe’s journey to connect the continent’s most dynamic markets. Spain and Portugal are quickly emerging as major datacentre hubs, with a strong supply of renewable energy driving new investments to power AI and other cutting-edge technologies,” said Colman Deegan, Zayo Europe CEO.

“We’re delighted to partner with Reintel, who operate the highest quality, mission-critical fibre infrastructure in the region. By extending our network through their low latency, high availability fibre routes, we’re enabling enterprises, datacentres and carriers across Iberia to access our extensive high-performance connectivity that underpins Europe’s innovation economy. With the significant DC roll-out planned in 2026, Zayo Europe is poised to set connectivity trends for the decade ahead.”

Reintel CEO Francisco J. Blanca Patón added: “Zayo Europe’s expansion into Iberia aligns perfectly with our mission to accelerate Spain’s digital transformation. Combining our extensive dark fibre footprint with Zayo Europe’s international network and unparalleled service excellence creates powerful opportunities for customers across the region. This partnership will empower datacentres and businesses across Spain and Portugal to keep pace with rising data demands and, ultimately, strengthen Europe’s digital backbone. We look forward to what can be achieved together through 2026 and beyond.”



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De-Gunk and Descale Your Keurig with These Cleaning Tips

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De-Gunk and Descale Your Keurig with These Cleaning Tips


It can be tricky to figure out how to clean your Keurig, but it’s important work. If your household is like mine, your pod coffee maker runs anywhere from three to seven times per day. All of that use can cause buildup and gunk, which can affect the taste of your coffee and the lifespan of your machine. But with proper maintenance and a dedicated routine, cleaning is a breeze. Here’s everything you need to know about light daily cleaning as well as deeper cleans.

Be sure to check out our related buying guides, including the Best Pod Coffee Makers, the Best Coffee Machines, the Best Coffee Subscriptions, and the Best Milk Frothers.

Daily Maintenance

To clean the housing of your Keurig coffee maker or other pod machine, just take a damp cloth and wipe down the outside. You can clean the K-Cup holder and needle by brushing or vacuuming away any loose debris like coffee grounds—be careful near the needle part since, obviously, it’s sharp.

Some machines come with a needle cleaning tool that you insert into the top and bottom of the needle, and a few people on various forums have used a paper clip instead. Some machines have removable pod holders that can be soaked in hot water. It’s always a good idea to refer to your specific model’s user guide, and you’ll probably want to unplug your machine beforehand.

To clean your drip tray and water reservoir, remove them and wash them by hand with hot, soapy water (though avoid using too much dish soap to prevent buildup). If your machine came with a carafe, wash it by hand or pop it in the dishwasher if it’s dishwasher-safe. Let them air dry or wipe them down with a lint-free towel after rinsing them off. You should be replacing the fresh water in your reservoir often, especially if it’s been sitting for a while. If your machine has a water filter in its reservoir, replace it every two to three months. Most machines with these types of filters have maintenance reminders—heed them!

For cleaning out the internal bits and pieces, you can use something like a Keurig Rinse Pod, which helps to flush out any excess oils or flavors that might be lingering. They are especially handy after brewing with flavored K-Cups like hot cocoa or some coffee varieties. You can also just run a hot water cycle every so often, which is a particularly good idea if you haven’t used your machine for a few days.

Keurig

Rinse Pods

These rinse pods help keep your Keurig clean and free from unwanted flavors.

Keurig

Water Filter Refill Cartridges

Keep your compatible Keurig water reservoir fresh with these filters, which should be replaced every two months or 60 water cycles.

Deeper Cleaning and Descaling

Some manufacturers recommend using filtered water or distilled water instead of tap water in your reservoirs, but I’ve always used tap water with the knowledge that I might have to clean my machine more frequently. You should deep-clean or descale your pod coffee maker every three to six months, or possibly more often if you notice hard water stains, calcium deposits, or mineral buildup, or your machine prompts you to deep-clean it.

You can do this a few ways. For the DIY method, fill your water tank with white vinegar and water (about half and half) and run large-capacity brew cycles until the reservoir is empty; Halfway through, consider letting the vinegar solution soak for a while, around 20 to 30 minutes. Follow up with a few rinsing cycles using clean water until the vinegar smell is gone. Alternatively, you can use a dedicated Keurig descaling solution according to the instructions on the bottle. That solution can be used on non-Keurig machines too. Make sure your machine is fully rinsed out before brewing your next cup of coffee.

It’s important to perform these deeper cleaning cycles on a regular basis to ensure your machine lasts as long as possible. And that your coffee tastes good, of course.

Keurig

Descaling Solution

This descaling solution can be used to remove mineral buildup every few months.

Keurig

Brewer Maintenance Kit

Get every piece you’ll need with this all-in-one maintenance kit.


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