Tech
£3bn opportunity in digital network upgrade of UK critical infrastructure | Computer Weekly

Research from leading UK connectivity provider BT has concluded with the clear message that now is the time to act on upgrading the UK’s critical national infrastructure (CNI) sectors from outdated analogue networks to digital infrastructure, with the financial, societal and environmental benefits of such a move offering the potential to deliver a £3bn net benefit to the economy by 2040.
The study, conducted by Assembly Research, evaluated the costs, risks and potential gains from digital migration across energy, water, health (NHS), emergency services and local government. It accounted for the direct cost of upgrading, as well as the rising expense of maintaining legacy systems like the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the 2G mobile network – both decades old and increasingly challenging to support. Data from UK comms regulator Ofcom shows that resilience incidents on the PSTN have risen by 45%, underscoring the urgency of change.
The UK’s transition to digital connectivity is a major national infrastructure programme endorsed by Ofcom and the government. The PTSN will be fully retired in January 2027, with businesses and public services urged to complete their migrations by the end of 2025 to avoid last-minute disruption. In 2024 alone, BT migrated nearly 300,000 legacy PSTN business lines. Yet many CNI providers in the UK still rely on ageing analogue systems for critical operations, while other countries are moving faster.
The research showed that digital network upgrades could transform a number of sectors – in particular the NHS, councils, ambulance services, emergency services, the environment and the energy sector – freeing up resources and preventing millions of unnecessary callouts.
For example, the study calculated that 600,000 NHS staff hours and 12 million council staff hours could be freed up, the equivalent of 6,500 staff working full-time for a year. It also estimated that up to 750,000 unnecessary ambulance trips could be prevented, avoiding more than 100 journeys every day. Emergency services are said to have the possibility to avoid 280,000 false fire service callouts by retiring outdated fire alarm systems.
Outside the health sector, the study hinted at £1.4bn in potential savings from improved resilience and demand forecasting in the energy sector, while possible environmental gains cited amounted to saving 3.42 megatonnes of carbon emissions, equal to powering every home in Birmingham, the UK’s second largest city, for a year.
Putting a financial figure on these gains, the study noted that for the energy sector, digital networks could deliver improved resilience, help prevent outages and enable more accurate demand forecasting, translating to an estimated £1.4bn in savings. In the water sector, smarter network monitoring and reduced electricity usage could generate efficiencies worth £771m.
In addition, the study argued that local governments stand to gain £486m by modernising telecare systems and cutting the cost of maintaining ageing analogue equipment. In the NHS, digital transformation promises better call handling and more efficient emergency response. The study added that emergency services could see fewer false alarms and improved call management, enabling faster, more targeted responses.
Jon James, CEO of BT Business, said the results of the study sent a clear message that delaying the shift to digital carries a real cost to public services, the environment and the wider economy. “Legacy systems are becoming increasingly unreliable, and the case for action is urgent,” he noted. “BT is committed to guiding the UK’s critical national infrastructure sectors through this upgrade with the resilience and support they need.”
Matthew Howett, founder and CEO of Assembly Research, said: “For the first time, we’ve lifted the lid on legacy network migration, and worked to understand the scope and scale of how key UK industries are still relying on ageing fixed and mobile networks. Our research found that while the energy and water sectors are already well into their migrations, it’s vital that others follow to avoid growing costs and missed efficiencies.”
Tech
WIRED’s 3 Favorite Coffee Subscriptions Are Half Off Today

It’s September 29, the day that America celebrates its least guilty vice and addiction, known in the streets as “java” or “joe.” That’s right, it’s National Coffee Day—the day that thousands of people burn $2 worth of gas waiting in a drive-thru to get a free $2 cup of coffee from Dunkin‘.
Or how about this instead? Get free or cheap coffee without leaving your house, like a civilized person in the age of the internet. Take advantage of online coffee subscription deals instead.
WIRED has long considered delivery coffee subscriptions to be the promise of technology fulfilled: The best coffee, from all over the country and world, gets scooted to your door without you lifting more than a finger. Anyway, three of WIRED’s absolute favorite coffee subscriptions are offering big introductory deals for National Coffee Day 2025, so it’s a good day to discover the joys of always having good coffee.
Here are National Coffee Day deals on Atlas Coffee Club, Trade Coffee, and Podium Coffee. Each is 50 percent off for the holiday.
Atlas Coffee Club Deals and Promo Code
Atlas is WIRED’s favorite overall coffee subscription for multiple very good reasons. It roasts very good coffee. It also offers reliable, friendly, and swift service—a simple necessity when conducting long-distance relationships over the web. But especially, it offers single-origin coffee from a different country each month, letting you try coffee with flavors you likely haven’t tried before. Arabica coffee from Vietnam, or coffee grown in multiple regions of China or India. It’s cool. It’s kinda what you want showing up at your door, and you can choose your favorite roast level to suit the kind of person you are.
Anyway, Atlas Coffee Club deals are going big for National Coffee Day.
Between September 29 and October 1, 2025, enter the Atlas Coffee promo code FREECOFFEE to get the following discounts and freebies:
National Coffee Day Deals at Trade Coffee
If Atlas is our favorite single-origin roaster subscription, Trade Coffee is your ticket to coffee from everywhere—the best and broadest selection of coffee from the best coffee roasters all over the country. I like Trade, especially, as a great way to find roasters I would have never tried, whether chocolatey roasts from Canton, Georgia, or big funky, fruity, light roasts from Portland, Oregon.
And so a Trade Coffee deal is always welcome. On National Coffee Day, Trade Coffee is offering half off a one-month trial subscription.
National Coffee Day Deals from Podium Coffee Club
Podium Coffee Club is yet another vision of coffee subscription, and also among my favorites. The name says it all: It’s a coffee subscription devoted to only award-winning coffees that have been judged among the best in the country and world in large and credible competitions. Podium picks just one wonderful coffee to send you each month, depending on whether you asked for the Gold or the Platinum subscription.
The Podium Gold subscription is generally very balanced, classic, excellent coffee beans. The Podium Platinum subscription, in part, raises its standards for how prestigious an award a coffee might need to be included. But also, the Platinum picks are often rare, funky, interesting, or just different—coffee that changes your mind about what coffee’s supposed to taste like. Either way, lucky you, it’s cheap today with an exclusive code from WIRED.
Enter the Podium Coffee Club promo code WIREDNTNLCFF50 for half off your first month’s subscription.
Tech
Germany’s Lufthansa to slash 4,000 jobs by 2030

German airline group Lufthansa said Monday it will cut 4,000 jobs, nearly 4% of its workforce—a move underscoring the slump gripping Europe’s largest economy.
Lufthansa said the majority of the job cuts would be in Germany and take place by 2030, targeting administrative rather than operational positions.
The group, which employs around 103,000 people, includes Eurowings, Austrian, Swiss and Brussels Airlines, as well as the recently acquired Italian flagship airline ITA Airways.
Germany is facing a second straight year of recession, with unemployment at a decade high.
The downturn has hit some of the country’s corporate giants hard, squeezed by Chinese competition, high energy costs and slow adoption of new technologies.
Lufthansa’s announcement comes just days after another major German company, industrial giant Bosch, said it would cut 13,000 jobs, or 3% of its global workforce.
“The Lufthansa Group is reviewing which activities will no longer be necessary in the future, for example due to duplication of work,” the company said in a statement.
“In particular, the profound changes brought about by digitalization and the increased use of artificial intelligence will lead to greater efficiency in many areas and processes,” it said.
Lufthansa set new financial targets for 2028-2030, including an adjusted operating margin of 8 to 10%.
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Microplastics Could Be Weakening Your Bones, Research Suggests

Microplastics could be a factor in driving up cases of osteoporosis worldwide, according to recently published research. The study reveals that when these tiny plastic particles enter the body, they disrupt the functioning of bone marrow stem cells, which are essential for maintaining and repairing bone tissue.
Throughout your life, your bones are replenished. Osteoporosis is a condition where this process goes wrong, with the breakdown of bone outstripping the rate at which it is replaced. This leads to bones weakening over time and becoming more likely to fracture. The condition has many risk factors—age, sex, medications, diet, smoking and drinking, and genetics are all known to influence it—with the disease developing slowly over time. Often people don’t realize they have the condition until they break a bone.
This new analysis, published in the journal Osteoporosis International, adds exposure to microplastics as a potential new risk factor. The research reviewed 62 scientific articles that had run various laboratory and animal tests on the possible effects of micro- and nanoplastics on bone. Analysis of lab experiments showed that microplastics stimulate the formation of osteoclasts, cells created by stem cells in the bone marrow that degrade bone tissue to promote resorption, the process in which the body breaks down and eliminates old or damaged bone.
The study also found that, in relation to bones, plastic particles can reduce the viability of cells, induce premature cellular aging, modify gene expression, and trigger inflammatory responses. The combination of these effects generates an imbalance in which osteoclasts destroy more bone tissue than is regenerated, causing an accelerated weakening of bone structure.
When then looking at animal studies, the researchers found that the accumulation of microplastics in the body decreases the white blood cell count—which is suggestive of alterations in bone marrow function. In addition, these animal studies suggested that the impact of microplastics on osteoclasts may be associated with deterioration of bone microstructure and the formation of irregular structures of cells, increasing the risk of bone fragility, deformities, and fractures.
“In this study, the adverse effects observed culminated, worryingly, in the interruption of the animals’ skeletal growth,” said coauthor Rodrigo Bueno de Oliveira in a press release. “The potential impact of microplastics on bones is the subject of scientific studies and isn’t negligible.”
Oliveira, who is the coordinator of the Laboratory for Evaluation of Mineral and Bone Disorders in Nephrology at the State University of Campinas in Brazil, is now working with his team to further prove in practice the relationship between exposure to microplastics and bone deterioration. This research will begin by evaluating the effects of microplastic particles on rodents’ femurs.
“Although osteometabolic diseases are relatively well understood, there’s a gap in our knowledge regarding the influence of microplastics on the development of these diseases. Therefore, one of our goals is to generate evidence suggesting that microplastics could be a potential controllable environmental cause to explain, for example, the increase in the projected number of bone fractures,” Oliveira said.
Microplastics and nanoplastics are small fragments of plastic—some so small that they’re invisible to the naked eye—that become detached from everyday objects when sunlight, wind, rain, seawater, or abrasion degrade them. The main difference between the two lies in their size: microplastics measure from 1 micrometer (one-thousandth of a millimeter) to 5 millimeters, while nanoplastics are smaller than 1 micrometer. These particles have been detected all over the world in natural environments, as well as throughout the human body and in meat, water, and various agricultural products.
Studies have started to show that this type of plastic contamination can damage health. Experts argue that this means the world urgently needs to reduce its use of plastics. Every year more than 500 million tons of the material are produced worldwide, but only 9 percent is recycled, with much of the remainder spreading into the environment and degrading.
This story originally appeared on WIRED en Español and has been translated from Spanish.
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