Tech
First fully recyclable, sub-micrometer printed electronics could reshape how displays are made

Electrical engineers at Duke University have demonstrated the ability to print fully functional and recyclable electronics at sub-micrometer scales. The technique could impact the more than $150 billion electronic display industry and its environmental impact while providing a toehold for U.S. manufacturing to gain traction in a vital and quickly growing industry.
The research appears in the journal Nature Electronics.
“If we want to seriously increase U.S.-based manufacturing in areas dominated by global competitors, we need transformational technologies,” said Aaron Franklin, the Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Chemistry at Duke.
“Our process prints carbon-based transistors that can be fully recycled and provide comparable performance to industry standards. It’s too promising of a result not to be given further attention.”
Electronic displays play a key role across just about every industry: think TVs, computer screens, watch faces and car displays. Nearly all of them are made overseas, mostly in South Korea, China and Taiwan.
The manufacturing process has a significant environmental impact due to the greenhouse gas emissions and enormous energy footprint required by vacuum-based processing. And to top it off, according to a United Nations estimate, less than a quarter of the millions of pounds of electronics thrown away each year are recycled.
-
A closeup look at the tiny needle used in the Hummink printing technology. The needle is essentially attached to a tuning fork, which moves the needle rapidly above the printing surface. Natural competing surface energies pull tiny amounts of ink out to print designs with submicrometer precision. Credit: Alex Sanchez, Duke University
-
Credit: Alex Sanchez, Duke University
Several years ago, Franklin’s laboratory developed the world’s first fully recyclable printed electronics. That demonstration, however, used aerosol jet printing that can’t form features smaller than 10 micrometers, greatly limiting their potential applications in the world of consumer electronics.
In the new research, Franklin and his colleagues worked with Hummink Technologies to break through this size barrier. Their “high precision capillary printing” machines use natural competing surface energies to pull tiny amounts of ink out of an equally tiny pipette. This is the same phenomenon that makes paper towels so absorbent, as liquid is drawn into the narrow spaces between their fibers.
“We sent Hummink some of our inks and had some promising results,” said Franklin. “But it wasn’t until we got one of their printers here at Duke that my group could harness its real potential.”
The researchers used three carbon-based inks made from carbon nanotubes, graphene and nanocellulose that can be easily printed onto rigid substrates like glass and silicon or flexible substrates like paper or other environmentally friendly surfaces. These are essentially the same inks that were originally demonstrated in Franklin’s previous research, but with tweaked fluid properties that allow them to work with the Hummink printers.
In the demonstration, they show this combination of novel ink and hardware can print features tens of micrometers long with small, submicrometer-sized gaps between them.
These small, consistently formed gaps form the channel length of the carbon-based thin-film transistors (TFTs), with smaller channel dimensions translating to strong electrical performance. And it’s these kinds of transistors that form the backplane control of all flat-panel displays.
“These types of fabrication approaches will never replace silicon-based, high-performance computer chips, but there are other markets where we think they could be competitive—and even transformative,” said Franklin.
Behind every digital display in the world is a huge array of microscopic thin-film transistors that control each pixel. While OLED displays require more current and need at least two transistors for each pixel, LCD displays require only one.
-
A fully printed carbon nanotube thin-film transistor with an ion gel gate printed on top of flexible Kapton, capable of bending around a rod with a two-millimeter diameter. Kapton is commonly used in a variety of demanding applications such as flexible printed circuits and high-temperature electronics. Credit: Aaron Franklin, Duke University
-
The Duke University logo printed with microscopic precision with silver nanoparticles, demonstrating the abilities of the Hummink printers. Credit: Aaron Franklin, Duke University
In a previous study, the researchers were able to demonstrate their printed, recyclable transistors driving a few pixels of an LCD display. And Franklin believes the new submicrometer printed TFTs are close to having the performance needed for demonstrating the same for OLED displays.
While there are other potential use cases for this technology, such as squeezing more sensors into a chip’s footprint to increase its accuracy, Franklin believes digital displays are the most promising. Besides being fully recyclable, the printing process requires much less energy and produces many fewer greenhouse gas emissions than traditional TFT manufacturing methods.
“Displays being fabricated with something similar to this technique is the most feasible large-scale application I’ve ever had come out of my lab,” said Franklin.
“The only real obstacle, to me, is getting sufficient investment and interest in addressing the remaining obstacles to realizing the considerable potential.”
“Unfortunately, the National Science Foundation program that we were pursuing funding from to continue working on this, called the Future Manufacturing program, was cut earlier this year. But we’re hoping to find a fit in a different program in the near future.”
More information:
Brittany N. Smith, et al. Capillary flow printing of submicrometre carbon nanotube transistors, Nature Electronics (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41928-025-01470-7
Citation:
First fully recyclable, sub-micrometer printed electronics could reshape how displays are made (2025, October 17)
retrieved 17 October 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-10-fully-recyclable-micrometer-electronics-reshape.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.
Tech
US court bars NSO Group from installing spyware on WhatsApp

A US judge on Friday granted an injunction barring Israeli spyware maker NSO Group from targeting WhatsApp users but slashed a $168 million damages award at trial to just $4 million.
District Judge Phyllis Hamilton ruled that NSO Group’s behavior fell short of a “particularly egregious” standard needed to support the jury’s calculations on a financial penalty.
But in the ruling, seen by AFP, she said the court “concluded that defendants’ conduct causes irreparable harm, and there being no dispute that the conduct is ongoing” the judge granted WhatsApp owner Meta an injunction to stop NSO Group’s snooping tactics at the messaging service.
“Today’s ruling bans spyware maker NSO from ever targeting WhatsApp and our global users again,” WhatsApp boss Will Cathcart said in a statement.
“We applaud this decision that comes after six years of litigation to hold NSO accountable for targeting members of civil society.”
Evidence at trial showed that NSO Group reverse-engineered WhatsApp code to stealthily install spyware targeting users, according to the ruling.
The spyware was repeatedly redesigned to escape detection and bypass security fixes at WhatsApp, the court concluded.
The lawsuit, filed in late 2019, accused NSO Group of cyberespionage targeting journalists, lawyers, human rights activists and others using the encrypted messaging service.
Hamilton ruled however that the $168 million damages verdict awarded to Meta earlier this year was excessive.
“There have simply not yet been enough cases involving unlawful electronic surveillance in the smartphone era for the court to be able to conclude that defendants’ conduct was ‘particularly egregious’,” Hamilton wrote in the ruling which was seen by AFP.
“As time goes on, more of a shared societal consensus may emerge about the acceptability of defendants’ conduct.”
‘Malicious code’
Founded in 2010 by Israelis Shalev Hulio and Omri Lavie, NSO Group is based in the seaside high-tech hub of Herzliya, near Tel Aviv.
Media website TechCrunch reported Friday that a US investment group has acquired controlling interest in NSO Group.
The Israeli firm produces Pegasus, a highly invasive tool that can reportedly switch on a target’s cell phone camera and microphone and access data on it, effectively turning the phone into a pocket spy.
The suit filed in a California federal court contended that NSO tried to infect approximately 1,400 “target devices” with malicious software to steal valuable information.
Infecting smartphones or other gadgets being used for WhatsApp messages meant the content of messages encrypted during transmission could be accessed after they were unscrambled.
The complaint said the attackers “developed a program to enable them to emulate legitimate WhatsApp network traffic in order to transmit malicious code” to take over the devices.
The software has been pinpointed by independent experts as being used by nation states, some of them with poor human rights records.
NSO Group has maintained it only licenses its software to governments for fighting crime and terrorism.
© 2025 AFP
Citation:
US court bars NSO Group from installing spyware on WhatsApp (2025, October 18)
retrieved 18 October 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-10-court-bars-nso-group-spyware.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.
Tech
Need Something Repaired? Now There’s an App for That

A new app with a straightforward name wants to make it easier for people to fix their stuff by helping them find trustworthy repair services near them.
The Repair App launched today, on a day that’s being celebrated as International Repair Day. The app is currently available in beta form in the US and France, because that’s where cofounders Robert Lise and Caleb Faruki reside, respectively. If the app does well, more countries should be added soon.
The app arrives during a time of renewed interest in the right to repair movement. Through lobbying efforts and consumer advocacy campaigns, right to repair folks argue that when somebody buys a piece of technology, they should have the legal right to fix it, replace broken parts, or upgrade it using services, tools, and replacement parts accessed on the open market.
“You don’t actually own something if you don’t have the ability to repair it,” says Lise, the app’s cofounder.
It sounds like a position that doesn’t need much advocacy, but large companies like Apple, Samsung, and John Deere, have been resistant to allow their customers to tinker with their products.
Lise says the goal of The Repair App is to platform businesses and service providers who cover just about anything that can be repaired, from devices like phones and computers to bicycles, clothes, and maybe eventually vehicles. To start, they have reached out to verified repair businesses that they can vet for inclusion in the app.
Matt Zieminski, vice president of Repair.org and VP of partnerships at the repair marketplace iFixit, has worked with Lise and the others on the Repair App and says he supports the project. He says that if the app is utilized by enough people, it could make finding options for fixing your stuff easier than it is now.
For example, if you’re searching for repair options on Google, Zieminski says, your local community repair shops might not necessarily come up as one of the top results. Instead, you’re presented with big repair franchises or generic service providers.
The Repair App will instead show you the shops closest to you that have been vetted by the tech repair experts behind the app.
“I think this is really cool,” Zieminski says. ”It is going to level that playing field and allow everybody to find the services they need and then to offer the services to people that may not even know those services exist.”
Linking customers to businesses is certainly not a new service. (Remember phonebooks?) Sites like Thumbtack or Angi (formerly Angie’s List) have long acted as repositories for finding handypeople to hire for a variety of tasks. Places like Upwork and Fiverr put a gig economy spin on the same format. And there are more specific service finder sites like RepairPal, a resource for car repair shops. (RepairPal was bought by Yelp last year.)
Tech
Lovense’s Lush Mini Vibrator Is Comfy but Might Lack Some Power

As much as the Mini felt very comfortable and good inside, once I started exploring vibration modes, I began to fear exactly how secure the whole thing was. Based on the wiggling feeling I was experiencing, I had concerns. What if I used too much lube, got excessively wet on my own in addition to the already-applied lube, or sneezed? Will the Lush Mini fly out? None of these things happened when I tried the Mini, but you can feel the smaller size, and it’s hard not to imagine it falling out on its own.
If I were to let my partner control the Mini via the Lovenese app while we were out on the town, I’d better be rocking a very snug pair of full-coverage granny panties. This is far from a tragedy, as outdoor sexual adventures aren’t a requirement for me. But it’s important for internal products to feel secure and safe for me to relax and have an orgasm.
Although I find the greatest pleasure from clitoral stimulation, I do love a strong G-spot vibration—especially when the two are working together. After all, you never know when a blended orgasm might come your way. The spectrum of intensities for the external arm is definitely enough for me, so much so that I didn’t need to click my way up to the most powerful setting, but the inside vibrations are subpar.
According to Lovense’s site and manual, both the Mini and Lush 4 deliver up to 7,000 vibrations a minute and unlimited patterns via the app. The vibration intensity I was experiencing internally was most likely linked to the size of the egg. Despite it being smaller, ever-so-slightly, it wasn’t covering enough area against my G-spot, and I could feel that.
Solo or Couples Play
Courtesy of Lovense
Like every Lovense Lush model, the Lush Mini is waterproof and has a long battery life. It takes only 40 minutes to fully charge, and you get close to four hours of playtime, depending on how much you crank up the modes. Should things go south mid-romp, you can get another hour of use from a quick seven-minute charge. I strongly feel all sex toys should include a fast-charging option like this.
It’s a fun couples toy as much as it’s an interesting solo toy. But if you’re experienced in the Lovense Lush line or similar toys during partnered play, you may want to skip the Mini for the larger Lush 4 (which costs around the same). If you’re new to this arena, however, then the Mini is likely to be a good fit for you. Beginners, this baby is for you.
-
Tech1 week ago
Apple Took Down ICE-Tracking Apps. Their Developers Aren’t Giving Up
-
Sports1 week ago
Kamala Harris hosts WNBA player to discuss alleged conversation with league commissioner
-
Tech1 week ago
Men Are Betting on WNBA Players’ Menstrual Cycles
-
Business1 week ago
Consumer caution ahead of Budget drives drop in footfall – BRC
-
Business1 week ago
‘Need very badly’: Donald Trump announces Arctic cutters deal with Finland; US to buy 11 Icebreakers – The Times of India
-
Tech1 week ago
Size doesn’t matter: Just a small number of malicious files can corrupt LLMs of any size
-
Entertainment1 week ago
Prince Albert of Monaco leads the Monaco Explorations in the Aegean Sea
-
Business1 week ago
Delta says premium travel is set to overtake coach cabin sales next year