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How my on-air ‘brain fog’ moment sparked a big debate

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How my on-air ‘brain fog’ moment sparked a big debate


Zoe KleinmanTechnology editor

BBC BBC technology editor Zoe Kleinman holding notes as she speaks on the BBC News at TenBBC

Due to “brain fog” BBC technology editor Zoe Kleinman had to hold notes during a recent live TV report

When I rather nervously shared a personal post about dealing with brain fog at work on the social network LinkedIn last week, I had no idea that it would have such an enormous impact.

It’s been viewed hundreds of thousands of times. Women have stopped me on the street to talk to me about it.

I’ve been overwhelmed by hundreds of messages from people sharing support and their own experiences of it.

Usually I cover technology news. But given the response, it felt important to talk about this as well.

“Brain fog” isn’t a medical term. But you may well know exactly what I’m talking about.

That moment when you suddenly can’t remember the word for something really obvious, or you’re mid-sentence and you lose your train of thought. It’s infuriating, and it can be embarrassing.

Where was I?

Ah yes, for me, as a woman in my 40s, it’s coincided with perimenopause – the stage in my life where my hormone levels are changing. There can of course be other neurological conditions for which brain fog can be a symptom too.

If you’re in a job where public speaking is part of what you do, it can be particularly terrifying.

“I’ve spent 30 years being professionally articulate,” wrote Janet Edgecombe, an internal communications expert.

“All of a sudden I’m forgetting the words for basic things. ‘That grey thing in the thingy that we cook chicken on’. My husband replies ‘oh, the baking tray in the oven’. Hmm. ‘Yeah, that thing’.”

Getty Images A middle-aged woman holding her headGetty Images

Women typically go through perimenopause in their 40s

I also heard from teachers, start-up founders having to present pitches for money to investors, women running workshops, delivering speeches – and fellow journalists trying to report live on-air, like me. But of course it can also hit mid-conversation, in a more intimate but no less frustrating way.

My post was about my decision to hold a page of notes on the BBC News at Ten. A story had broken late in the afternoon, following an already busy day, and by the time we reached 10pm, I knew I was getting tired and I could feel the brain fog.

I was going to talk about an outage that was affecting dozens of websites and apps, and I planned to use the technical jargon for it, as given by the company affected, and then explain what it actually meant.

But I just couldn’t get the phrase to stick in my head and I knew that without it, I wouldn’t manage the rest of what I needed to say.

I was reporting live from Glasgow. Like many of my professional peers, I do not have, and I’ve never had, autocue. And so, for the first time, I decided at the last minute to hold a page of notes with the offending phrase on it.

It felt to me at the time like an admission of failure. I have been trained never to use notes – unless there’s a specific legal reason why the wording of a statement, for example, has to be precise, or there are a lot of figures to remember.

Even then, I have prided myself on having a good enough short-term memory to get me through.

Using notes is discouraged in the world of public speaking. They are not permitted to anyone giving a 12-minute TED talk. The speaker is expected to memorise their speech.

Looking down the barrel of the camera and clutching that paper, live on TV, felt tough.

But around 10% of women report leaving their jobs due to menopause symptoms, according to the Fawcett Society. And research by insurance firm Royal London found that half of women going through it have considered giving up work. I don’t want to do that – and so I stuck with my solution.

To my intense relief, some people said they thought my paper looked authoritative, that they just assumed it was a breaking story and the page contained fresh information. Others asked why I hadn’t used a device instead – I suppose I thought the potential of having to fumble with a screen would feel even worse.

“Let’s start a movement: Hold your notes,” wrote Elisheva Marcus, vice president of communications at the venture capitalist firm Earlybird.

And so, the hashtag holdthenotes was born.

“Have you ever checked your testosterone levels?” menopause expert Dr Louise Newson asked me.

She says testosterone – despite its reputation for being a male hormone, and its association with sex drive and libido, is actually an essential brain chemical for both men and women, and levels fall in both genders. One of the results is brain fog.

“It’s like you’ve been drugged,” she says. “It’s really scary, a lot of people worry they’ve got dementia.”

“I remember when I had my levels done 10 years ago, and I was like ‘Thank God, at least I know why I’m feeling so awful’.”

She adds that there are studies dating back to the 1940s indicating that testosterone can improve brain function and wellbeing in women as well as men, but the randomised control studies, where participants are given either a placebo or the product itself in order to see whether it really works, have only focused on improvements to libido.

NHS-prescribed Hormone Replacement Therapy, or HRT, is traditionally a combination of oestrogen and progesterone. Testosterone is not routinely included.

Instead doctors can separately prescribe testosterone to female patients, at lower doses than given to men.

Getty Images A woman holding HRT tabletsGetty Images

Millions of women take HRT medication

There are also a myriad of menopause supplements which claim to ease symptoms including brain fog. Estimates vary but it’s a multi-billion dollar industry and its booming.

Women spend an average of £147 per year on supplements to try to alleviate their menopause symptoms, according to a survey earlier this year by the nutrition news website NutraIngredients.

“They might help a bit,” says Dr Newson.

“I do yoga every day, and that helps my brain become clear and focused, but I have a hormone deficiency, I can’t eat my way out of it, or exercise my way out of it.

“A lot of women spend a fortune trying to improve symptoms of a hormone deficiency with something else.”

Dr Joshua Chen is part of the Harvard Medical School-Massachusetts General Hospital Photobiomodulation Research Group. The team is looking at how frequencies of red light can change the mitochondria inside the brain to improve focus.

He describes it as “like a face mask, but for the brain”. It can also, he says, be applied to the Vagus nerve on the neck to reduce stress.

He has founded a company called Niraxx which markets a headband called a neuro espresso, which is designed to be worn for up to 20 minutes a day. He claims the results are instant. It has to be plugged in – there are no batteries in the device for safety reasons.

Niraxx A woman wearing the neuro espresso headband made by tech firm NiraxxNiraxx

The headband made by US tech firm Niraxx uses red light frequencies to try to stimulate the wearer’s brain

Angela Marsh is a registered nurse and a menopause coach. She says her clients often describe brain fog as feeling like they are “living life in soft focus”.

“I don’t think brain fog is taken seriously enough at all,” she says.

“Many women feel deeply unsettled by the changes they experience. They think there’s something wrong with them or they’re ‘losing it’ when in fact there’s a clear biological reason.”

As for me – well, I’ve booked a blood test to check my hormone levels. I’m going to try some red-light therapy. And you are probably going to see me holding notes a bit more often.



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A Paramount-Warner Bros. movie slate could rule the 2027 box office, but is it sustainable?

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A Paramount-Warner Bros. movie slate could rule the 2027 box office, but is it sustainable?


Paramount Skydance CEO David Ellison speaks during the Bloomberg Screentime conference in Los Angeles on October 9, 2025.

Patrick T. Fallon | Afp | Getty Images

Hollywood could soon have a new king of the box office.

With Paramount Skydance set to take over Warner Bros. Discovery, the combined film studios could dominate the theatrical slate.

Paramount CEO David Ellison has repeatedly promised not to pull back on production from either studio, with the goal of making 30 movies a year — 15 from Paramount and 15 from Warner Bros. The pending transaction, with an enterprise value of $111 billion, must still win regulatory approval both in the U.S. and in Europe. 

As the current 2027 slate stands, the combination of WBD and Paramount would result in 26 theatrical releases. However, additions to that calendar could come as soon as April at the annual CinemaCon conference in Las Vegas.

This behemoth of a slate is dominated by Warner Bros. titles, and it’s likely that those films would account for the bulk of ticket sales.

The studio is set to release films from major franchises including Godzilla-Kong, Superman, Batman, Minecraft, The Conjuring universe, Gremlins and Lord of the Rings.

Meanwhile, Paramount will have new entries for Sonic the Hedgehog, Paranormal Activity, A Quiet Place and its animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchises.

Still from Paramount’s “Sonic the Hedgehog 2.”

Paramount

While Paramount’s franchises are popular and have generated solid ticket sales at the box office, its major releases in 2027 are smaller budget features. In fact, no film in any of those four franchises has generated more than $350 million globally, according to data from Comscore. But with smaller budgets, they don’t have to in order to be profitable.

Warner Bros.’ part of the slate, on the other hand, has bigger budget features that in the past have generated bigger box office returns. The most recent Godzilla-Kong film generated $572 million globally, 2025’s “The Conjuring: Last Rites” tallied nearly $500 million, “The Batman” took in $772 million and “A Minecraft Movie” nearly hit $1 billion.

“When you look at the films on the horizon from the PAR/WBD combo it is most impressive,” Paul Dergarabedian, head of marketplace trends at Comscore, told CNBC. “And it may not be an overstatement to say that that slate could indeed have the potential to generate the biggest single studio box office in 2027.”

The Warner Bros. movie studio is a big part of why Ellison was so committed to winning over WBD’s board and its shareholders in a bidding war against Comcast and Netflix. Last year, Warner Bros. was the second-highest grossing studio at the domestic and global box office. Paramount was fifth.

Disney has long held the box office heavyweight title, although it was briefly overthrown in 2023 by Universal. Warner and Universal have jockeyed between second and third position, with Sony, Lionsgate and Paramount falling in line behind them.

A tricky feat

“Doubling up two major slates adds to the potential for a very strong 2027, but nothing is ever certain when it comes to assuming a potential annual box office winner among studios,” said Shawn Robbins, director of analytics at Fandango and founder of Box Office Theory. “That’s especially true when the likes of Disney and Universal will each bring out their own heavy-hitters next year.”

Disney, in particular, has franchises like Ice Age, Star Wars, Frozen and Avengers on the docket for 2027.

Of course, franchise tentpoles are not always guaranteed to succeed at the box office, but the combined efforts of Paramount and Warner Bros. is a compelling offering for an industry that has been shrinking dramatically over the last decade.

“The notion of two major studio slates under one large umbrella in 2027 makes for an intriguing prospect while raising some fair speculation,” said Robbins. “We’ve seen the decline in theatrical output in the years following Disney’s acquisition of Fox, although caveats such as the pandemic and streaming explosion somewhat skew that comparison.”

A combined Paramount and Warner Bros. slate also faces some logistic issues. There are only 52 weekends on the calendar, and with 30 movies, the studio would need to strategically place its releases as not to cannibalize its own ticket sales.

David Corenswet stars are Superman in Warner Bros.’ “Superman.”

Warner Bros. Discovery

Robbins noted that rival studios typically only go head-to-head on the same weekend or on back-to-back weekends if they are certain there isn’t a major overlap in audience demographics. It’s why there is often a horror movie set for release at the same time as a family-friendly animated feature, for example.

In contrast, Robbins noted, Paramount is scheduled to release “Sonic the Hedgehog 4” just one week ahead of Warner Bros.’ “Godzilla X Kong: Supernova.”

“It wouldn’t be a shock to see one of those shifted earlier or later on the calendar since the parent studio will want to minimize risk and do what’s best for the financial bottom line while remaining competitive,” he said.

And while Ellison has touted a 30-movie slate in the years after 2027, it’s unclear if that future is feasible.

Traditionally, when two major studios merge, the number of films released declines and there is a major wave of layoffs as consolidation weeds out redundancies. Not to mention, the marketing costs of big-budget films can be prohibitive.

“What will actually become normal for the newly unified house of Paramount and Warner remains to be seen,” Robbins said. “The longevity of such a slate in the years after 2027 will be challenging to produce, but never say never.”

Disclosure: Versant is the parent company of CNBC and Fandango.

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‘Petrol, Diesel Adequately Available In India’: Govt Urges Citizens Not To Hoard Fuel Amid US-Iran War

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‘Petrol, Diesel Adequately Available In India’: Govt Urges Citizens Not To Hoard Fuel Amid US-Iran War


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‘Consumers are advised not to take or store fuel in loose or inappropriate containers, as it poses serious safety risks,’ says the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.

The government said all retail outlets and dealers have been instructed to strictly follow safety guidelines while dispensing fuel. Any violation will invite strict action.

The government said all retail outlets and dealers have been instructed to strictly follow safety guidelines while dispensing fuel. Any violation will invite strict action.

Amid rising concerns over fuel supply due to escalating geopolitical tensions in the West Asia, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas on Saturday issued an advisory assuring citizens that petrol and diesel remain adequately available across the country. It also urged people to avoid unsafe practices such as storing petrol or diesel in loose containers.

In a post on X, the ministry said, “Petrol and diesel are adequately available at retail outlets across the country. Consumers are advised not to take or store fuel in loose or inappropriate containers, as it poses serious safety risks.”

The advisory comes after authorities detected a case in Tamil Nadu where petrol was reportedly being dispensed in a loose container at a retail outlet, which violates safety norms.

“It has come to notice that at one retail outlet in Tamil Nadu, petrol was being taken in a loose container, which is unsafe and not advisable,” the ministry said.

Govt warns of strict action for violations

The ministry added that strict action has already been taken in the matter.

“The concerned petrol pump has been suspended, and appropriate action has been taken,” the ministry said.

The ministry also said all fuel retailers across the country have been directed to strictly adhere to safety guidelines while dispensing petrol and diesel.

“All retail outlets and dealers have been instructed to strictly follow safety guidelines while dispensing fuel. Any violation will invite strict action,” the advisory said.

Advisory comes amid supply concerns

The government’s clarification comes at a time when concerns over fuel availability have risen due to disruptions in global energy supply chains due to closure of the Strait of Hormuz amid US-Iran-Israel war.

Rumours of shortages have also triggered panic buying in some areas, temporarily affecting supplies at a few petrol pumps despite adequate overall stock levels.

Authorities have urged the public not to believe unverified information and assured that the country’s fuel supply chain remains stable.

The country saw a huge shortage of LPG cylinders after the supply was stopped in the West Asia amid the ongoing Iran war. However, two Indian cargo ships carrying LPG have been allowed by the Iranian authorities to pass through the Strait of Hormuz. The first Indian LPG vessel, Shivalik, had already begun its movement through the Strait of Hormuz after negotiations helped secure safe passage. The ship has since reached open sea and is sailing safely under Indian Navy guidance. Now, India’s second LPG carrier Nanda Devi has successfully exited the Strait of Hormuz and entered open waters, government sources told CNN-News18, marking another step forward in India’s efforts to safely move its energy cargo through the tense Gulf region.

Nanda Devi is carrying more than 46,000 metric tonnes of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

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Middle East turmoil: After IndiGo and Air India, now Akasa Air to levy fuel surcharge – check details – The Times of India

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Middle East turmoil: After IndiGo and Air India, now Akasa Air to levy fuel surcharge – check details – The Times of India


Akasa Air on Saturday announced that it will introduce a fuel surcharge ranging from Rs 199 to Rs 1,300 on domestic and international flight tickets booked from March 15, citing a sharp rise in aviation turbine fuel (ATF) prices amid escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.In a post on X, the airline said the surcharge will apply to all bookings made from 00:01 hrs on March 15, 2026, and will not be applicable to tickets booked before that time. The airline said the additional charge will be levied per sector and will vary depending on the duration of the flight.

Akasa cites sharp rise in ATF prices

“There has been a significant increase in the price of aviation turbine fuel, driven by evolving geopolitical developments in the Middle East,” Akasa Air said in its statement.“As fuel represents a significant portion of airline operating costs, this impacts the cost of operations across the aviation industry,” it added.The airline said it remains focused on offering “warm and efficient customer service, reliable operations, and affordable fares while maintaining the highest standards of operational efficiency”, and added that it will continue to monitor the operating environment and review the fuel surcharge periodically.

Move follows Air India, IndiGo fare actions

Akasa’s decision comes after larger Indian carriers Air India Group and IndiGo also moved to pass on part of the fuel cost burden to passengers.Earlier, IndiGo said it will levy an additional fuel charge of Rs 425 to Rs 2,300 on all new domestic and international bookings made from 00:01 hrs on March 14, citing “the significant surge in fuel prices following the ongoing geopolitical issues”.IndiGo said IATA’s jet fuel monitor showed an over 85% rise in fuel prices for the region, adding that ATF represents a major share of airline operating costs.Air India Group had earlier introduced a fuel surcharge ranging from Rs 399 to $200 on flights beginning Thursday, saying that without the move, some services may not cover operating costs and could face cancellation.

Middle East conflict driving fuel cost pressure

The latest surcharge announcements come as the widening conflict in the Middle East continues to disrupt global oil supplies and push up jet fuel prices worldwide.Attacks on commercial shipping and oil infrastructure in the Gulf region, along with disruption through the Strait of Hormuz, have tightened supplies and driven a steep increase in fuel prices. Airlines are also facing added operational costs due to airspace restrictions and longer rerouted flights, which burn more fuel.Industry experts said long-haul international routes are likely to feel the greatest impact, though domestic fares may also remain under pressure if fuel prices stay elevated.With Akasa now joining Air India Group and IndiGo, Indian flyers are set to face higher ticket costs across more carriers as airlines respond to the sustained spike in fuel expenses.



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