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The vaccine and public health debate at the center of CDC upheaval, explained

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The vaccine and public health debate at the center of CDC upheaval, explained


The exterior of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) main campus in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S., Aug. 27, 2025.

Alyssa Pointer | Reuters

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is facing a leadership upheaval — and at the center of the shakeup is concern about the agency’s approach to vaccines and U.S. public health.

The White House on Thursday said President Donald Trump had fired CDC Director Susan Monarez after she refused to resign. Lawyers for Monarez said she was “targeted” for “protecting the public over serving a political agenda.”

Meanwhile, four other top health officials at the CDC announced Wednesday they were quitting the agency. That includes Demetre Daskalakis, director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, who said he could no longer serve because of the “weaponizing of public health.”

Former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Chief Medical Officer Debra Houry, former National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Director Demetre Daskalakis, and former National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Director Daniel Jernigan hold flowers and react after they appeared during a protest, a day after the White House fired CDC director Susan Monarez and several top officials resigned, in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S., Aug. 28, 2025.

Alyssa Pointer | Reuters

The loss of those respected leaders and efforts to oust Monarez follow a string of measures by Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – a prominent vaccine skeptic – to overhaul federal health agencies and change immunization policy in the U.S. That includes mass firings, gutting a key government vaccine panel, canceling studies on mRNA shot technology and hiring those with like-minded views.

Kennedy has a long track record of making misleading and false statements about the safety of vaccine shots, but in his current role, he wields enormous power over the agencies that regulate the immunizations and determine both who can get them and which ones insurance plans should cover.

Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association, said the leadership overhaul at the CDC represents Kennedy’s “failed leadership and reckless mismanagement,” adding that he has a “blatant disregard for science and evidence-based public health.” 

The agency is also reeling from funding cuts and an Aug. 8 attack by a gunman at its headquarters in Atlanta.

Some health policy experts said the leadership exodus could further erode the public’s trust in an agency that is responsible for detecting disease outbreaks and guiding state and local health departments when needed.

“This has to be seen on top of a raft of ways that CDC has been weakened and undermined, maybe irreversibly,” Lawrence Gostin, professor of public health law at Georgetown University, told CNBC. 

“Throughout all of those years, CDC has been independent and the jewel in the crown of American science. That’s literally all crumbling as we speak,” he said. “This is almost the definition of politics undermining science.”

Top official highlights vaccine concerns

Daskalakis was among the officials to explicitly highlight concerns with the views held by Kennedy and his staff, which he said challenged his ability to continue in his role at the agency.

“I am unable to serve in an environment that treats CDC as a tool to generate policies and materials that do not reflect scientific reality and are designed to hurt rather than to improve the public’s health,” Daskalakis said in his resignation letter, which was posted on X.

He said the CDC’s recent changes to the adult and children’s immunization schedule “threaten the lives of the youngest Americans and pregnant people.”

High-ranking members of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), dressed in uniform, salute former CDC Chief Medical Officer Debra Houry, former National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Director Demetre Daskalakis, and former National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Director Daniel Jernigan, a day after the White House fired CDC Director Susan Monarez and several top officials resigned, in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S., Aug. 28, 2025.

Alyssa Pointer | Reuters

In May, Kennedy said the CDC removed Covid vaccines from the list of shots recommended for healthy pregnant women and children. An updated guidance days later said shots “may” be given to those groups.

Daskalakis said the data analyses that supported the change have “never been shared with the CDC despite my respectful requests to HHS and other leadership.” He also said HHS circulated a “frequently asked questions” document written to support Kennedy’s decision without input from CDC subject matter experts, and that it cited studies “that did not support the conclusions that were attributed to these authors.”

On Wednesday, the Food and Drug Administration approved the latest round of Covid vaccines only for those at higher risk of serious illness, marking another shift in policy around those shots since the pandemic began.

Shares of Covid vaccine makers dipped on Thursday. Moderna’s stock fell more than 3%, while shares of Pfizer fell around 2%. 

Those companies and other drugmakers have been bracing for changes to vaccine and public health policy since Trump first named Kennedy as his pick to lead HHS in November. The CDC’s leadership shakeup only adds to the uncertainty in the pharmaceutical industry, which is also grappling with Trump’s drug pricing policies. 

Kennedy tried to distance himself from his previous views about vaccines and other health policies during his Senate confirmation hearings back in January, claiming that he isn’t “anti-vaccine” and would not make it “difficult or discourage people from taking” routine shots for measles and polio.

But some of Kennedy’s recent efforts appear to reflect his vaccine-critical views. For example, Kennedy in August argued that mRNA vaccines – the technology used in Covid shots – are ineffective and advocated for the development of other jabs that use other “safer” platforms.

Years of research support the effectiveness of mRNA Covid vaccines, and the technology is now approved for use in shots against respiratory syncytial virus.

Threat to public health 

Former National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Director Demetre Daskalakis, next to former National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Director Daniel Jernigan, speaks to the media during a protest, a day after the White House fired CDC director Susan Monarez and several top officials resigned, in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S., Aug. 28, 2025.

Alyssa Pointer | Reuters

As changes roll through the CDC, concerns over a threat to public health and protocol are growing.

Daskalakis slammed the means by which HHS and other CDC leadership have communicated major policy changes. For example, Kennedy announced he was firing the entirety of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices – a panel of vaccine advisors to the CDC – through an X post and op-ed “rather than direct communication with these valuable experts,” Daskalakis said. 

He said he believed there would be an opportunity to brief Kennedy on key topics such as measles, avian influenza and the approach to the respiratory virus season. But Daskalakis said seven months into the new administration, no CDC subject matter expert from his center had briefed Kennedy. 

“I am not sure who the Secretary is listening to, but it is quite certainly not to us,” he said. “Unvetted and conflicted outside organizations seem to be the sources HHS use over the gold standard science of CDC and other reputable sources.”

Former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Chief Medical Officer Debra Houry, followed by former National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Director Demetre Daskalakis, and former National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Director Daniel Jernigan, reacts during a protest, a day after the White House fired CDC director Susan Monarez and several top officials resigned, in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S., Aug. 28, 2025.

Alyssa Pointer | Reuters

Dr. Debra Houry, who also resigned Wednesday from her post as the CDC’s chief medical officer, similarly said that senior leaders “never were able to brief the Secretary” on any of the issues the agency deals with.

“The CDC scientists are top notch and excellent,” she told MSNBC in an interview. “What we would actually have preferred was to have more interactions with the secretary.”

Houry added that “over the past few months, things at the CDC have been really difficult when it comes to having science and data driven decisions.”

As longtime experts leave the CDC, the threat of infectious diseases is growing. While measles cases are ticking up in the U.S. again, bird flu is spreading in cattle. The first human case of the flesh-eating parasite “New World screwworm” has been detected in the country.

The departures could “make our public health less assured,” Benjamin of the American Public Health Association said.

Susan Monarez, U.S. President Donald Trump’s nominee to be director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, testifies before a Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee confirmation hearing on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., U.S., June 25, 2025.

Kevin Mohatt | Reuters

He said the leadership disruption also raises concerns about the nation’s ability to detect and respond to an emerging infectious disease spreading because the CDC is the “glue that holds” individual doctors and state and local health departments together.

“I am worried that we won’t know in time, and that we’ll be chasing that disease for far longer than we should,” Benjamin said. 

Benjamin said he has “little confidence” that the Trump administration will find someone “highly competent” with relevant experience to replace Monarez. 

“It obviously all has enormous implications for the health and well being of the public, and enormous implications around the finances of our nation,” he said. “Prevention and wellness saves us money, and public health is the best buy.”



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Royal Mail owner set to return to profit in first figures since £3.6bn takeover

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Royal Mail owner set to return to profit in first figures since £3.6bn takeover



The owner of Royal Mail is expected to show a return to annual earnings on Monday in the firm’s first set of results since the completion of its £3.6 billion takeover by Czech billionaire Daniel Kretinsky.

International Distribution Services (IDS) will post figures for the 12 months to March 31 after a milestone year for the group, which saw Royal Mail taken into foreign ownership for the first time in its more than 500-year history.

The year has also seen regulator Ofcom rubber stamp reforms allowing Royal Mail to ditch second class letter deliveries on Saturdays and change the service to every other weekday, which the group can start rolling out from July 28.

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IDS said in January that it was on course to return to annual adjusted operating profit, before voluntary redundancy costs, in 2024-25, “despite the difficult market environment”.

Its third quarter update showed group revenues lifted 0.8% to £3.6 billion thanks in part to a parcel boost over Christmas.

Royal Mail parcel revenues rose 2.5% to £1.02 billion in the quarter as prices rose, while the division was also helped by a better performance internationally, where revenues jumped 6.6% to £227 million.

But the group warned in November that it was facing a £120 million hit from the incoming national insurance tax hike and that it could not rule out job cuts or price hikes to offset the blow.

It also saw an investigation launched in May after it only delivered just over three-quarters of first-class post on time last year, following hefty fines for missing targets in previous years.

Parent group IDS formally left the London Stock Exchange on June 2 after being taken over by Mr Kretinsky’s EP Group following clearance by the Government at the end of 2024 and approval by shareholders in April.

Royal Mail’s new owner also issued a £1 so-called golden share to the UK Government, as agreed under the deal.

Mr Kretinsky – appointed as the new chairman of Royal Mail – has pledged to stick to the Universal Service Obligation (USO) after the takeover.

Royal Mail also announced in recent days that it will be the first international postal operator to launch new services so people can continue sending goods to the United States as new customs requirements take effect from August 29.

Royal Mail customers now can use the company’s new postal delivery duties paid (PDDP) services, which follows a US executive order last month that goods valued at 800 dollars or less will no longer be exempt from import duties and taxes from August 29.

The Institute of Directors (IoD) has warned around 30% of its member firms that export to the US will be hit by the new rules, with smaller companies predominantly impacted.



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Bank share prices tumble after calls for tax on profits

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Bank share prices tumble after calls for tax on profits


The share prices of leading UK banks have tumbled following calls for the government to introduce a new tax on banking profits.

Traders and investors have reacted to the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) saying a windfall tax could raise up to £8bn a year for the government.

The think tank said the policy would compensate taxpayers for losses on the Bank of England’s cash printing drive.

While the Treasury has not commented on any policy, concerns led to NatWest, Lloyds and Barclays being the biggest fallers on the main index of the London Stock Exchange early on Friday.

NatWest and Lloyds share prices were down by more than 4%, and Barclays had dropped by more than 3% in early trading.

Charlie Nunn, the chief executive of Lloyds bank, has previously spoken out against any potential tax rises for banks in the Budget.

He said efforts to boost the UK economy and foster a strong financial services sector “wouldn’t be consistent with tax rises”.

The Treasury has been contacted for comment.

The IPPR, a left-leaning think tank, said a levy on the profits of banks was needed as the Bank of England’s quantitative easing (QE) drive was costing taxpayers £22bn a year.

The Bank of England buys bonds – essentially long term IOUs – from the UK government and corporations to increase bond prices and reduce longer term interest rates.

The Bank is selling off some of these bonds, and the IPPR said it is now making huge losses from both selling the government bonds below their purchase value and through interest rate losses.

The IPPR described those interest rate losses as “a government subsidy to commercial banks”, and highlighted commercial bank profits compared to before the pandemic were up by $22bn.

The tax suggestion comes as Chancellor Rachel Reeves faces the difficult task of maintaining her fiscal rules while finding room for spending promises in the upcoming autumn Budget.

Carsten Jung, associate director for economic policy at IPPR and former Bank of England economist, said the Bank and Treasury had “bungled the implementation of quantitative easing”.

“Public money is flowing straight into commercial banks’ coffers because of a flawed policy design,” he said.

“While families struggle with rising costs, the government is effectively writing multi-billion-pound cheques to bank shareholders.”

Speaking on BBC’s Today programme, Mr Jung said the £22bn taxpayer loss was roughly equivalent to “the entire budget of the Home Office every year”.

“So we’re suggesting to fix this leak of taxpayer money, and the first step would be a targeted levy on commercial banks that claws back some of these losses,” he said.

A tax targeting the windfall profits linked to QE would still leave the banks with “substantially higher profits”, the IPPR report said, while saving the government up to £8bn a year over the term of parliament.

But financial services body UK Finance said that a further tax on banks would make Britain less internationally competitive.

“Banks based here already pay both a corporation tax surcharge and a bank levy,” the trade association said.

The association said a new tax on banking would also “run counter to the government’s aim of supporting the financial services sector”.

Russ Mould, AJ Bell investment director, said the UK stock market had soured following the suggestion, with investors wondering “if the era of bumper profits, dividends and buybacks is now under threat”.

“The timing of the tax debate, fuelled by a report from think-tank IPPR, is unfortunate given it coincides with a new poll from Lloyds suggesting a rise in business confidence, despite cost pressures,” he said.

The Chancellor has worked hard since Labour won power to woo the City. In her Mansion House speech in November last year, Reeves said that banking regulation after the 2008 financial crisis had “gone too far”.

But she faces difficult fiscal decisions in the run-up to her budget, after the government watered down its planned welfare savings and largely reversed winter fuel allowance cuts – decisions which narrowed her budget headroom.



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PSX ends week on positive note | The Express Tribune

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PSX ends week on positive note | The Express Tribune


The Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) closed the week on a bullish note on Friday, with the benchmark KSE-100 index advancing 1,274 points to settle at 148,618, up 0.86% day-on-day. The rebound came after a volatile week, fueled by expectations of flood rehabilitation-related spending and cyclical sector recovery.

Market participation surged, with trading volumes rising sharply to 625 million shares against 307 million in the previous session. Analysts attribute the heightened activity to strong investor interest in cement, commercial banks, and technology and communication stocks, which together added 958 points to the index, according to Ismail Iqbal Securities.

Read More: Govt approves Rs30b for USC closure

Sectoral performance was led by cement, contributing a hefty 623 points, followed by commercial banks (228 points) and technology (107 points). Conversely, the auto sector dragged the index lower by 59 points, reflecting subdued investor sentiment in that segment.

Among individual movers, Habib Bank Ltd (HBL) stood out as the top contributor, adding 153 points, followed by DG Khan Cement with 139 points, Lucky Cement with 135.5 points and Fauji Cement with 124 points. On the downside, Engro Corporation dented the index by 65.8 points, while Meezan Bank and Indus Motor lost 61.5 and 27.7 points, respectively.

On a monthly basis, the KSE-100 has rallied 6.62%, extending its calendar year-to-date gains to a strong 29.09%, while the fiscal year-to-date performance stands at 18.30%.

Also Read: Economy enters FY26 with stronger outlook

Market watchers note that Friday’s surge reflects optimism over potential government-backed infrastructure and flood rehabilitation initiatives, which are expected to stimulate demand across cement, power, and construction-linked sectors. However, selective profit-taking was observed in auto and select blue-chip names.

With improved momentum and healthy liquidity, analysts suggest the KSE-100 may continue testing new highs in the coming sessions, though profit-taking and macroeconomic developments will remain key triggers for short-term market direction.



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