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A Danish Couple’s Maverick African Research Finds Its Moment in RFK Jr.’s Vaccine Policy

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A Danish Couple’s Maverick African Research Finds Its Moment in RFK Jr.’s Vaccine Policy


In 1996, Guinea-Bissau seemed like an ideal research post for budding pediatrician Lone Graff Stensballe. Her supervisor, a fellow Dane named Peter Aaby, had spent nearly two decades collecting data on 100,000 people living in the mud brick homes of the West African country’s capital.

Aaby and his partner, Christine Stabell Benn, believed that the years of research in the impoverished country had yielded a major discovery about vaccines—and what they described as “non-specific effects”: The measles and tuberculosis vaccines, which were derived from live, weakened viruses and bacteria, they said, boosted child survival beyond protecting against those particular pathogens.

But, the scientists said, shots made from deactivated whole germs, or pieces of them, such as the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) shot, caused more deaths—especially in little girls—than getting no vaccine at all.

The World Health Organization repeatedly and inconclusively examined these astonishing findings. They tended to elicit shrugs from other global health researchers, who found Aaby’s research techniques unusual and his results generally impossible to replicate.

Then came Donald Trump, Covid, and the administrative reign of anti-vaccine advocate Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Suddenly, Aaby and Benn weren’t just sending up distant smoke signals from a far corner of the planet. They were confidently voicing their views and policy prescriptions online and in medical journals. The “framework” for “testing, approving, and regulating vaccines needs to be updated to accommodate non-specific effects,” their team wrote in a 2023 review.

And the Trump administration has taken notice.

“They became more strident in saying that their findings were real and that the world needed to do something about it,” said Kathryn Edwards, a Vanderbilt University vaccinologist who has been aware of Aaby’s work since the 1990s. “And they became more aligned with RFK.”

Kennedy, as secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, cited one of Aaby’s papers to justify slashing $2.6 billion in US support for Gavi, a global alliance of vaccination initiatives. The cut could result in 1.2 million preventable deaths over five years in the world’s poorest countries, the nonprofit agency has estimated. Kennedy has frozen $600 million in current Gavi funding over largely debunked vaccine safety claims.

Kennedy described the 2017 paper as a “landmark study” by “five highly regarded mainstream vaccine experts” that found that girls who received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, or DTP, shot were 10 times more likely to die from all causes than unvaccinated children.

In fact, the study was far too small to confidently make such assertions, as Benn acknowledged. In a study of historical data that included 535 girls, four of those vaccinated against DTP in a three-month period of infancy died of unrelated causes, while one unvaccinated girl died during that period. A follow-up published by the same group in 2022 found that the DTP shot by itself had no effect on mortality. Critics say the 2017 study, rather than being a landmark, exemplified the troubling shortfalls they perceive in the Danish team’s research.

As Aaby and Benn’s US profile has risen, scientists in Denmark have set upon the work of their compatriots. In news and journal articles published over the past 18 months, Danish statisticians and infectious disease experts have said the duo’s methods were unorthodox, even shoddy, and were structured to support preconceived views. A national scientific board is investigating their work.

Stensballe, who worked with Aaby and Benn for 20 years, has been among those voicing doubts.

“It took years to see what I see clearly today, that there is a strange concerning pattern in their work,” Stensballe said in a phone interview from Copenhagen, where she treats children at Rigshospitalet, the city’s largest teaching hospital. She said their work is full of confirmation bias—favoring interpretations that fit their hypotheses.



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Gartner: How AI will transform managed network services | Computer Weekly

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Gartner: How AI will transform managed network services | Computer Weekly


In 2024, nearly all the service providers Gartner profiled in its Magic Quadrant for global WAN services report and the Magic Quadrant for managed network services report said they had started leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) in several ways to support the operation of enterprise networks. Areas of usage include AI for IT operations (AIOps), generative AI (GenAI) as a network assistant, enhanced service delivery, and AI in secure access service edge (SASE) and network security.

AIOps has emerged as a foundational capability in managed networking. Leading service providers, such as HCLTech, Microland and NTT Data, have begun to integrate AIOps capabilities and network automation for service onboarding and customer experience improvements. Also, service providers are deploying AI and/or machine learning (ML) to monitor network health, detect anomalies and automate routine tasks in network operations centres (NOCs).

The goal is to shift from reactive troubleshooting to proactive assurance. For example, if latency on a wide-area network (WAN) link starts spiking intermittently, a machine learning model might recognise the pattern as a precursor to link failure and alert engineers or trigger failover before a major outage occurs.

One such service provider is Tata Communications, which has invested in AI-based fault diagnosis using AI/ML for 85% accuracy, while AI-driven telemetry predicts and addresses issues for proactive network monitoring.

Also, many network equipment suppliers now embed AI features to support service providers for network monitoring.

GenAI as a network assistant

Over the past year, Gartner has seen a great deal of interest from managed network service (MNS) providers in applying GenAI to IT operations, including network management. The vision is to provide a network AI assistant that can interact with the provider’s operations teams via a natural language chat interface, help troubleshoot issues, document networks and even implement changes by generating configurations from intent.

One example is HCLTech, which is focusing on leveraging GenAI integrations with software-defined wide-area networking (SD-WAN) to deliver complete automation for lifecycle operations. It is building a supplier-focused GenAI large language model (LLM) as part of its service delivery platform (SDP).

Enhanced service delivery

AI is also leveraged in customer-facing aspects of MNS. Service providers are increasingly using AI to improve support and transparency for clients. This includes AI-powered customer service bots, service portals, and AI-generated reports or insights.

For example, many MNS providers profiled in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for managed network services report use bots, which are increasingly enhanced with AI capabilities, to automate repetitive tasks. Some have thousands of bots as part of their network automation codebases.

AI in SASE and network security

AI and ML are proving just as critical in the security side of MNS as they are in performance management. In fact, many service providers (for example, XTIUM and Microland) pitch AI-powered enhancements of their network security offerings, where the platform uses advanced analytics, AI and GenAI to strengthen and simplify management of local area network (LAN), WAN and cloud security.

For SASE and network security, AI can be used for automated anomaly detection. Here, the system quarantines a suspicious device or triggers multifactor authentication for a user behaving abnormally.

In policy optimisation, AI can recommend tightening or adjusting security policies, based on observed usage. For example, it can suggest zero-trust rules for an application, based on the context – location, time, company departments and so on.

Some advanced service providers, such as HCLTech, are exploring LLMs to assist security analysts – for example, summarising multistep attacks, or even writing firewall rules based on high-level descriptions of a threat.

Also, many SASE platform suppliers emphasise their AI/ML capabilities. For example, Versa Networks touts AI/ML-powered unified SASE that blends SD-WAN and cloud security, using ML to continuously adapt to network conditions and security threats. Similarly, Cato Networks highlights that it leverages AI/ML across its cloud-native SASE service to provide “reliable, accurate network security”, applying advanced data science to threat prevention and smart traffic management.

AI in MNS in 2028 and beyond

The integration of AI in MNS will increasingly enhance operational efficiency and enable more informed decision-making, ensuring that networks are robust and agile enough to adapt to changing demands and traffic patterns. Looking ahead three to five years from now, significant transformation in MNS is expected due to extensive use of AI – traditional, generative and agentic – and automation.

Widespread NOC assistants

The current rapid pace of development suggests that, by 2028, GenAI will have become a mature, trusted assistant in network operations. The experimental and nascent deployments of 2023 to 2024 will give way to robust network AI assistants embedded in MNS workflows.

These assistants will interface through natural language (text or voice) and be integrated with monitoring and ticketing systems. They will be able to answer complex queries about the network, draft change plans, and summarise incidents and problems.

Essentially, if 2023 was the introductory year for network AI assistants (see What is a network AI assistant?), by 2028, they will become a standard capability for NOCs to boost productivity.

The models behind the AI assistants are expected to be more specialised in network engineering and fine-tuned with each provider’s historical data, making them more accurate and context-aware than current tools are.

The best providers will leverage proprietary models – or at least proprietary fine-tuning – that become part of their intellectual property. For example, a provider can use a model trained on years of network event management data, which is exceptionally good at diagnosing telecoms network issues or in network security design efficacy. This will be a differentiator versus others that are using off-the-shelf network AI assistants.

By 2028, agentic AI will likely manifest as automated “Tier 0” responders in NOCs. These are AI agents capable of perceiving network incidents, understanding intent, making autonomous decisions, and executing actions for handling specific tasks and incident types end-to-end without human intervention.

By 2028, it is likely that many service providers will have enabled fully automated remediation for known issues. For example, if a branch SD-WAN router goes offline, the AI agent can perceive the incident, decide on a sequence of fixes – restart a virtual instance, fail over to backup, and so on – and execute them. It will alert a human only if those fail.

Another example could be the detection of a known bug, such as a memory leak in a firewall causing a slowdown. The AI agent, after perceiving the issue, will decide on a temporary configuration workaround or initiate a software patch, and execute these actions.

This goes beyond today’s static scripts by adding autonomous decision-making and action. The agent can verify if the issue truly matches a known pattern, using machine learning, and check if conditions are safe to execute the fix now, using policy – for example, it will reboot after business hours only if it is critical.

Fully autonomous networks will likely remain out of reach until well after 2028. But we expect that, by 2028, such self-healing actions will be accepted for narrow scopes, as service providers will have gained trust in AI for these repetitive tasks, thanks to long training and previous successful outcomes.

Nevertheless, the complexity of coordinating across domains means humans will still handle high-level decision-making. But for routine faults and performance tweaks, automated agents could become the norm, improving service reliability.


This article is based on an excerpt of Gartner’s AI will transform managed network services in the next three years report, by Gartner senior director analyst Gaspar Valdivia.



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This Solar-Powered Smart Sprinkler Keeps My Lawn Watered Without Any Power Cables

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This Solar-Powered Smart Sprinkler Keeps My Lawn Watered Without Any Power Cables


Once configured, setup proceeds much like the Aiper and pricier Irrigreen apps: You create a zone, then use the app to define its boundaries. Similar to the aforementioned systems, Oto’s sprinkler is designed for precision watering, firing water in a beam in a single direction instead of a wide spray. That said, Oto’s spray is comparably narrow, only hitting a single, designated patch instead of producing a two-dimensional curtain of water like Irrigreen’s “water printing” system. You get a nice preview of this as you set the boundaries of your yard.

Like its competitors, Oto lets you set each zone as a spot (for watering a single tree, perhaps), a line (for a flowerbed), or a 2-D area (for a yard). I tested all of these modes but spent most of my time working with area zones, which are the most complex option. When defining an area zone, I found Oto’s system to be virtually identical to that of Irrigreen and Aiper, though ever so slightly slower to respond to commands. Even so, it’s very easy to use: A simple interface lets you drop points around the sprinkler to define the boundaries of the zone. When you’ve made a full circle around the sprinkler, the area is complete.

Once configured, you can assign each zone a schedule, with copious options available around which days to water (odd days, even days, select days of the week, every day), and designate a start time (though there is no tying time to sundown or sunrise). Each schedule also gets a weekly watering limit (in inches of depth), which you’ll then parse out over each week’s watering runs. Weather intelligence features let you elect to skip watering if your zip code receives measurable rainfall or if winds are high (both based on internet reports); the user can tweak both the amount of rain and windspeed needed to trigger a skip. The app logs the 20 most recent runs and includes a calendar that details upcoming events.

When watering an area, Oto takes a novel approach to covering the lawn, first moving in circular arcs directly around the sprinkler, then slowly increasing in range with each successive swipe. When finished, it does additional “clean-up” runs to hit any areas that the initial watering arcs didn’t reach. The speed is slow enough and the size of the water’s beam is large enough that the resulting coverage is solid. After test runs, I found the yard to be plenty wet across the entire zone, with no dry patches.

As with all sprinklers, changes in water pressure can make for occasional over- or underwatering of areas, but I found this to be a minimal problem when using the Oto. However, when watering at the terminus of Oto’s range, the power needed to throw the water that far can make for a strong splashdown, which may result in some soil erosion or damage to more sensitive plants.

The Oto also has a “play mode” option that lets you use the sprinkler for a watery game of chase or a more random “splash tag” mode, aka “try to avoid getting hit by the water.” Pro tip: It’s impossible not to get hit.



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Why Is Your Grill So Dumb? The Best Grills Set Temp Like an Oven

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Why Is Your Grill So Dumb? The Best Grills Set Temp Like an Oven


It’s likewise smartly designed, packing up into—as you likely already gleaned—the shape of a suitcase. The heavy-duty handles and latches are strong. Though the Nomad is 28 pounds, which is a bit on the heavy side for a single-hand carry, the shape and large handle actually make it easier to carry than smaller and cheaper models.

The Nomad uses a dual-venting system to achieve good airflow, even when the lid is closed. The vents, combined with the raised fins on the bottom of the grill (which elevate your charcoal, allowing air to flow underneath), allow for very precise control of both high and low temperatures. If you live and die by overlanding, this grill could be your new constant companion.

Photograph: Weber

A Great Budget Portable Grill: WIRED reviewer Scott Gilbertson also loves the simple Weber Jumbo Joe ($90), a smaller version of the classic Original Kettle. It’s an easy choice for tailgates, especially. And if you want to use it at home, you can build yourself a stand for home cookouts. It’s low-cost, light, and dead simple. All are virtues.

Other Grills I Recommend

Large silver outdoor grill shown closed as well as open with a piece of meat inside

Recteq X-Fire Pro

Photograph: Kat Merck

Recteq X-Fire Pro 825 for $1,400: Pellet smokers rarely crest much over 450 degrees Fahrenheit, which does not offer the sear you’d get on a charcoal or gas grill. But Recteq’s 825-square-inch, dual-pot X-Fire Pro wants to be your everything device, notes WIRED reviewer Kat Merck. In Smoke Mode, the left fire pot ignites for classic low-and-slow smoking. Switch the big knob to Grill Mode, and both pots fire up, with an adjustable damper over the right side. The damper, controllable with another knob, allows you to open access to the right fire pot just a little bit, or all the way to the gates of hell—1,200 degrees Fahrenheit. It takes about 20 minutes for the fire pot to get going this high, and if you don’t clean the fire pot first, it’ll kick off a lot of sparks in the process. Who knows why you need to get to 1,200 degrees? But as Merck notes, this is a company known for a cartoon bull logo and bull-horn handles. “Recteq likes to be extreme, so it tracks,” she says. If you keep your sear to a more human 600 degrees Fahrenheit, it’s a solid grill and sear experience. But keep in mind that the high power draw from the dual igniters will require a 10- or-12-gauge extension cord, which is probably better than the cord you’ve got at home. The X-Fire also didn’t produce the same smokiness as WIRED’s top-pick Recteq Flagship 1600, according to Merck’s testing, which means you’ll end up using smoke tubes at low temperature if you want to get more smoke in the meat. Note, too, that the advertised 20-pound pellet capacity is split between fire pots. This could mean refilling a 10-pound hopper multiple times during a long cook.

Front view of Traeger Woodridge Pro pellet smoker resting in a grassfree backyard with a white fence in the background

Photograph: Brad Bourque

Traeger Woodridge Pro for $1,000: The Traeger Woodridge Pro is WIRED’s previous top-pick pellet grill and smoker for most people. It still exists beautifully at the intersection of value and utility, and is likely to make you popular in the neighborhood. It’s a straightforward beast of a thing that’s easy to clean, easy to dial in for a perfect rack of ribs, and big enough to cook up two pork bellies at the same time. My new top-pick Recteq has a couple smart features that make us prefer it, like temperature history on its meat probes, and an easier learning curve on smart features. But this Woodridge will still make you quite popular in the neighborhood.

Traeger Timberline  grill with lid and cabinets open

Photograph: Traeger

Traeger Timberline Wi-Fi Wood Pellet Grill for $3,300: If you’re serious about grilling and smoking, Traeger’s Timberline is almost a step up from a smoker. It’s the perfect all-in-one outdoor kitchen. It uses the same wireless smoking smarts as the Woodridge but adds some extras, like an induction burner (perfect for adding a last-minute sear with a cast-iron pan or steaming some veggies). The insulated smoke box has room for six pork shoulders, or about the equivalent racks of ribs or chickens. Former WIRED editor Parker Hall has managed to feed hundreds of people using it. (As a longtime food and barbecue critic, I can vouch heartily for Hall’s resulting brisket and ribs.) If that’s not enough, there’s also an XL version that’s even bigger. “All of my meats heated evenly and were perfectly cooked right when the smoker said they would be,” Hall says. If you want flawless smoking from the comfort of your couch and price is not a factor, the Timberline delivers.

Masterbuilt Gravity grill

Courtesy of Masterbuilt

Masterbuilt Gravity Series 800 for $899: This spacious Masterbuilt offers a nice combination, notes WIRED reviewer Chris Smith: charcoal flavor with the temperature precision of gas or electricity. The large, top-loading charcoal hopper uses gravity (hence the name) to feed heat into an internal housing, and an integrated fan enables precise digital temperature control—on the device or via the app. You’ll reach 700 degrees Fahrenheit within 15 minutes. Temperatures are remarkably consistent once stabilized, and if you want to add smoke flavor, just throw wood chunks into the ash bin and let falling charcoal embers do the rest. But the versatility comes with caveats. You may miss the ability to sear directly over a flame, and you’ll need to change out the internal housing before switching to the flat-top grill.

2023 Yoder Smoker Grill

Courtesy of Yoder

Yoder YS640S Pellet Smoker for $2,700: Most grills do one thing well and several others poorly or not at all. Yoder’s YS640S is a more versatile tool, thanks to a design that allows easy access to the auto-feed firebox. Like Traegers that are half the price, this Kansas-made grill uses an electric fan and an auger to feed wood pellets in for a slow smoke session. It’s all driven by a control board that sends temp alerts and allows you to adjust the temperature via Wi-Fi. As a smoker, it easily handled ribs and a chuck roast, holding the temperature better than most. This is thanks to its bomb-proof 10-gauge steel construction, which means this grill weighs as much as a refrigerator. Where the Yoder really stands out, though, is as a grill and possible pizza oven. By removing a steel plate positioned over the fire pit, you can sear burgers directly over the flame or remove the grills and plop on a hefty pizza oven attachment ($489), which uses the pellet feed system to maintain a constant 900-plus degrees Fahrenheit.

A Grill to Avoid

Black and red charcoal grill with the lid open

Courtesy of Ace

Kamado Joe Konnected Joe for $1,900: There’s a lot to like about this kamado-style grill. Indeed, WIRED previously recommended it for its electric ignition and Wi-Fi connectivity that allows you to measure the temperature of the interior and the meat via two probes. But over long-term use, WIRED commerce director Martin Cizmar has had constant problems with the electric grill tripping the 2-year-old GFCI outlets on his patio. Once it even tripped the breaker. A Reddit thread reveals this is a common problem. Like the Redditors, Cizmar found temporary relief by running an extension cord into an outlet in his kitchen, but even that has failed him a few times during testing. Unfortunately, this grill is a hard pass until the issue is resolved.



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