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AlloyGPT: Leveraging a language model to aid alloy discovery

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AlloyGPT: Leveraging a language model to aid alloy discovery


Evaluate the design accuracy of AlloyGPT model in the P-to-SC design tasks. Credit: npj Computational Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41524-025-01768-2

Additive manufacturing of alloys has enabled the creation of machine parts that meet the complex requirements needed to optimize performance in aerospace, automotive, and energy applications. Finding the ideal mix of elements to use in these parts when there are countless possible combinations available is a complicated process that has been accelerated by computational tools and artificial intelligence.

With (LLM), such as ChatGPT, evolving to better understand natural languages, researchers in the and engineering department at Carnegie Mellon University have pioneered the potential to train LLM to understand a novel alloy physics language in a similar manner. Led by assistant professor Mohadeseh Taheri- Mousavi, they have developed AlloyGPT, which recognizes the relationship between composition, structure, and properties in order to generate novel designs for additively manufacturable structural alloys.

The AlloyGPT model, detailed in a recent paper published in npj Computational Materials, is unique in that it has dual functionality. It can accurately predict multiple phase structures and properties based on given alloy compositions, and conversely, it can suggest a comprehensive list of alloy compositions that meet given desired goals.

“We have created an architecture that has learned the physics of alloys in order to design enhanced alloys that have the desired qualities for mechanical performance and manufacturability in a variety of applications,” said Taheri- Mousavi.






This video shows a test demo of AlloyGPT, a large language model who speaks an alloy-specific language and can predict and design alloys. Credit: Carnegie Mellon University

Taheri-Mousavi’s group, which focuses on structural alloy design, built the autoregressive model by developing a language for the physics of alloys and training this generative AI model. Rather than analyzing words, the model examines compositions and structural features in a sentence format to understand how the composition, structure, and properties are connected.

Unlike conventional iterative methods which often face challenges in finding all possible solutions, AlloyGPT can provide a comprehensive list of elemental combinations to produce the desired material properties requested. This is especially useful for designing gradient additively manufactured alloys in which gradual changes in exist across a single part.

“It’s exciting to build a model that can solve prediction and design tasks simultaneously,” said Bo Ni, a postdoctoral researcher at Taher-Mousavi’s group. “It’s even more interesting when we demonstrate that AlloyGPT can synergize accuracy, diversity and robustness in problem solving.”

AlloyGPT: Leveraging a language model to aid alloy discovery
Assistant Professor Mohadeseh Taheri-Mousavi and postdoctoral researcher Bo Ni showcase a paradigm of the AlloyGPT model. Credit: Carnegie Mellon University Materials Science and Engineering

This language model has the potential to lay the groundwork for similar models and to accelerate material design for alloys manufactured by both traditional and additive manufacturing.

“Our approach will enable scientists to quickly discover alloys with new or improved properties, and will ultimately help industry partners to improve the speed and reduce the cost of their alloy design for various manufacturing processes,” said Taheri-Mousavi.

More information:
Bo Ni et al, End-to-end prediction and design of additively manufacturable alloys using a generative AlloyGPT model, npj Computational Materials (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41524-025-01768-2

Source code and script examples, for training and inference, are available on GitHub https://github.com/Taheri-Mousavi-Laboratory/AlloyGPT.

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Oh No! A Free Scale That Tells Me My Stress Levels and Body Fat

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Oh No! A Free Scale That Tells Me My Stress Levels and Body Fat


I will admit to being afraid of scales—the kind that weigh you, not the ones on a snake. And so my first reaction to the idea I’d be getting a free body-scanning scale with a Factor prepared meal kit subscription was something akin to “Oh no!”

It’s always bad or shameful news, I figured, and maybe nothing I don’t already know. Though, as it turned out, I was wrong on both points.

Factor is, of course, the prepared meal brand from meal kit giant HelloFresh, which I’ve tested while reviewing dozens of meal kits this past year. Think delivery TV dinners, but actually fresh and never frozen. Factor meals are meant to be microwaved, but I found when I reviewed Factor last year that the meals actually tasted much better if you air-fry them (ideally using a Ninja Crispi, the best reheating device I know).

Especially, Factor excels at the low-carb and protein-rich diet that has become equally fashionable among people who want to lose weight and people who like to lift it. Hence, this scale. Factor would like you to be able to track your progress in gaining muscle mass, losing fat, or both. And then presumably keep using Factor to make your fitness or wellness goals.

While your first week of Factor comes at a discount right now, regular-price meals will be $14 to $15 a serving, plus $11 shipping per box. That’s less than most restaurant delivery, but certainly more than if you were whipping up these meals yourself.

If you subscribe between now and the end of March, the third Factor meal box will come with a free Withings Body Comp scale, which generally retails north of $200. The Withings doesn’t just weigh you. It scans your proportions of fat and bone and muscle, and indirectly measures stress levels and the elasticity of your blood vessels. It is, in fact, WIRED’s favorite smart scale, something like a fitness watch for your feet.

Anyway, to get the deal, use the code CONWITHINGS on Factor’s website, or follow the promo code link below.

Is It My Body

The scale that comes with the Factor subscription is about as fancy as it gets: a $200 Body Comp scale from high-tech fitness monitoring company Withings. The scale uses bioelectrical impedance analysis and some other proprietary methods in order to measure not just your weight but your body fat percentage, your lean muscle mass, your visceral fat, and your bone and water mass, your pulse rate, and even the stiffness of your arteries.

To get all this information, all you really need to do is stand on the scale for a few minutes. The scale will recognize you based on your weight (you’ll need to be accurate in describing yourself when you set up your profile for this to work), and then cycle through a series of measurements before giving you a cheery weather report for the day.

Withings

Body Comp Smart Scale

Your electrodermal activity—the “skin response via sweat gland stimulation in your feet”—provides a gauge of stress, or at least excitation. The Withings also purports to measure your arterial age, or stiffness, via the velocity of your blood with each heartbeat. This sounds esoteric, but it has some scientific backing.

Note that many physicians caution against taking indirect measurements of body composition as gospel. Other physicians counter that previous “gold standard” measurements aren’t perfectly accurate, either. It’s a big ol’ debate. For myself, I tend to take smart-scale measurements as a convenient way to track progress, and also a good home indicator for when there’s a problem that may require attention from a physician.

And so of course, I was petrified. So much bad news to get all at once! I figured.



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Discovering the Dimensions of a New Cold War

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Discovering the Dimensions of a New Cold War


In 2025, American and world leaders were preoccupied with wars in the Middle East. Most dramatically, first Israel and the United States bombed Iran’s nuclear facilities. Some commentators feared that President Trump’s decision to bomb Iran would drag the United States into the “forever wars” in the Middle East that presidential candidate Trump had pledged to avoid. The tragic war in Gaza had become a humanitarian disaster. After years of promising to reduce engagement with the region from Democratic and Republican presidents alike, it appeared that the US was being dragged back into Middle East once again.

I hope that’s not the case. Instead, in 2026, President Trump, his administration, the US Congress, and the American people more generally must realize that the real challenges to the American national interests, the free world, and global order more generally come not from the Middle East but from the autocratic China and Russia. The three-decade honeymoon from great power politics after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War is over. For the United States to succeed in this new era of great power competition, US strategists must first accurately diagnose the threat and then devise and implement effective prescriptions.

The oversimplified assessment is that we have entered a new Cold War with Xi’s China and his sidekick, Russian leader Vladimir Putin. To be sure, there are some parallels between our current era of great power competition and the Cold War. The balance of power in the world today is dominated by two great powers, the United States and China, much like the United States and the Soviet Union dominated the world during the Cold War. Second, like the contest between communism and capitalism during the last century, there is an ideological conflict between the great powers today. The United States is a democracy. China and Russia are autocracies. Third, at least until the second Trump era, all three of these great powers have sought to propagate and expand their influence globally. That too was the case during the last Cold War.

At the same time, there are also some significant differences. Superimposing the Cold War metaphor to explain everything regarding the US-China rivalry today distorts as much as it illuminates.

First, while the world is dominated by two great powers, the United States remains more powerful than China on many dimensions of power—military, economic, ideological—and especially so when allies are added to the equation. Also different from the Cold War, several mid-level powers have emerged in the global system—Brazil, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa, among others—that are not willing to join exclusively the American bloc or the Chinese bloc.

Second, while the ideological dimension of great power competition is real, it is not as intense as the Cold War. The Soviets aimed to spread communism worldwide, including in Europe and the United States. They were willing to deploy the Red Army, provide military and economic assistance, overthrow regimes, and fight proxy wars with the United States to achieve that aim. So far, Xi Jinping and the Communist Party of China have not employed these same aggressive methods to export their model of governance or construct an alternative world order. Putin is much more aggressive in propagating his ideology of illiberal nationalism and seeking to destroy the liberal international order. Thankfully, however, Russia does not have the capabilities of China to succeed in these revisionist aims.



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Walmart Promo Codes for December 2025

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Walmart Promo Codes for December 2025


After living in big cities like San Francisco and New York, when I set foot in Wally World in the Midwest, I heard angels sing. Rows and rows of fluorescent lights highlighted any and every product needed for your house in one place. Screw the mom-and-pop bodega—I missed this level of convenience. If by chance they don’t have what you need in-store, there’s even more online, with pickup and delivery available.

Save $10 off With our Limited-Time Walmart Promo Code

Skip the line at your local Walmart and save $10 off your first three delivery or pickup orders of $50 or more with our Walmart coupon code, TRIPLE10. So, whether you’re stocking up on late night munchies or some toiletries for your next getaway, you can take $10 off your next purchase now until the end of the year.

No Walmart Coupon? No Problem.

Walmart has quite literally thousands of flash deals that change weekly, with up to 65% off tech, appliances, end-of-season, and holiday items, so be sure to check often to find the best rotating deals. And if you’re like me, I’m always searching for the best tech deals without breaking the bank. So whether you’re looking to purchase a new 17-piece non-stick cookware set, Dyson cordless vacuum cleaner, or this season’s latest clothing trends for men, women or children—Walmart is your one-stop shop for it all.

You can also enjoy great benefits with Walmart+, a paid membership that gives early access to promotions and events like Walmart Black Friday deals, free delivery, free shipping with no order minimum, savings on fuel, streaming with Paramount+, and more. You can pay monthly or annually, and you’ll get a free trial of Walmart+ for 30 days to try it out. Walmart+ Assist helps qualifying government aid recipients get a membership at a lower cost.



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