Tech
Urban infrastructure renewal: Engineers develop sustainable technique for even backfill distribution in aging city sites
Many developed nations are facing the simultaneous aging of infrastructure built during periods of rapid economic growth. Japan has reached a critical turning point where numerous buildings and structures constructed in the post-war boom era now require demolition and renewal. The catalyst intensified dramatically after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, which exposed vulnerabilities in structures failing to meet modern disaster prevention standards, leading to sharply increased demolition activity in urban areas.
When structures are demolished, the foundation piles must be removed and classified as industrial waste, yet conventional backfilling methods consistently produce an uneven distribution of material throughout the borehole depth. This technical limitation creates serious risks, including ground settlement, structural tilting of adjacent buildings, and misalignment of newly installed foundations. As a result, the critical backfilling process lacks scientific rigor and quality control mechanisms.
In a recent breakthrough, a team of researchers led by Professor Shinya Inazumi from Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan, has developed a novel method that can ensure uniform backfilling throughout the entire borehole depth, addressing both immediate safety concerns and long-term infrastructure sustainability. Their innovative findings were published in the journal Cleaner Engineering and Technology.
The proposed circulating mixing method was validated through model tests, field experiments, and advanced numerical simulations using the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method within a computer-aided engineering (CAE) framework. These tests demonstrated exceptional uniformity with a coefficient of variation of only 0.036, approximately ten times better than conventional soil improvement methods that typically range from 0.3 to 0.5. In addition, the field tests on 15-meter-deep boreholes confirmed that all samples exceeded the target strength of 1,500 kN/m² with no detection of structurally inadequate weak zones.
“Most significantly, our approach allows engineers to optimize process parameters and improve quality control by employing advanced MPS-CAE computer simulations to predict mixing behavior before construction. Moreover, it addresses Japan’s urgent infrastructure renewal needs while promoting sustainability by preventing soil degradation, reducing construction waste, and minimizing the carbon footprint of urban projects,” says Prof. Inazumi.
The findings reveal that this method is especially valuable when constructing high-rise buildings on sites with existing pile foundations, where improperly backfilled boreholes could compromise the stability of new structures worth millions of dollars. Notably, the proposed method prevents ground settlement and structural tilting that could lead to catastrophic failures during seismic events, addressing critical safety concerns in earthquake-prone regions.
“Our study establishes a new standard for geotechnical engineering in urban redevelopment with potential worldwide applications, particularly in cities facing aging infrastructure challenges. In densely populated metropolitan areas like Tokyo, New York, or London, where numerous buildings constructed during post-war economic boom periods now require demolition and reconstruction, this technology ensures safe and efficient site preparation,” says Prof. Inazumi.
The amalgamation of engineering techniques with numerical simulation in the proposed method enables the industry to shift from reactive quality assessment to proactive process optimization, improving the efficiency, safety, durability, and sustainability of urban redevelopment projects, especially in disaster-prone regions.
The paradigm shift in geotechnical engineering practice can help engineering consultancies and construction companies to reassure their clients of construction quality through pre-construction numerical analysis, enhancing transparency and accountability in urban infrastructure projects.
“Our innovative method supports sustainable urban development by minimizing construction waste and reducing the carbon footprint associated with material transportation and disposal. It further offers a pathway to improved geotechnical performance in urban infrastructure development, contributing to disaster resilience, protecting lives and property investments,” concludes Prof. Inazumi.
More information:
Shinya Inazumi et al, Sustainable approach to urban pile removal through evaluation of innovative circulating mixing for urban infrastructure renewal, Cleaner Engineering and Technology (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101103
Citation:
Urban infrastructure renewal: Engineers develop sustainable technique for even backfill distribution in aging city sites (2025, November 17)
retrieved 17 November 2025
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Tech
Meta Is in Crisis, Google Search’s Makeover, and AI Gets Booed by Graduates
Leah Feiger: Let’s invest.
Zoë Schiffer: They have that going for a while.
Leah Feiger: It wasn’t full Google, but it—
Zoë Schiffer: Somewhat there.
Leah Feiger: —had that vibe. To me, someone so on the outside of this in every single way, I know about these layoffs because they’ve been, A) so chaotic, but B) in some ways, needlessly so. Not to say that other tech companies aren’t firing scores of workers all the time. That feels like something we discuss on this podcast frequently, but this is happening with such a large runway and in a way that’s making employees feel so terrible about themselves.
Brian Barrett: Well, because it’s not just the layoffs, right? It’s also, even if you stay there, if you’re not culled from the herd, you are going to have to deal with this world in which you’ve got spyware on your laptops training AI to probably take your job at some point, right?
Zoë Schiffer: Explain that a little bit.
Brian Barrett: Meta announced, and this was more public, that they were going to put software on employee laptops that would monitor their keystrokes and how they move their cursors and basically how they do their job as Meta engineers and use that as training data for their own internal models to try to make their AI models better because they’re running out of other sources.
Zoë Schiffer: And could you opt out of that, Brian?
Brian Barrett: That’s a great question. I’m so glad you asked. You could not opt out.
Zoë Schiffer: I felt you didn’t know the answer to that one.
Brian Barrett: In fact, when an employee asked in a very public forum within Meta, “Hey, could we not do this?” Zoë, the response was?
Zoë Schiffer: Oh, absolutely you’re going to do this and shame on you for asking. And some of the employees who are staying, actually thousands of the employees who are staying, are getting drafted into the AI ranks. We published a piece today that was kind of about the morale inside the company, but also how there’s been this mad dash to use up perks and stipends that employees have. But one of the things that’s said at the end was that remaining employees are being asked to join AI teams. So whatever your job was previously, they’re internally getting drafted. You’re getting drafted into the AI ranks, now your job is going to look quite different.
Brian Barrett: That’s like 7,000 people.
Zoë Schiffer: Yes.
Leah Feiger: I’ve actually heard people use the word raptured.
Zoë Schiffer: Oh, my gosh.
Leah Feiger: Isn’t that—
Zoë Schiffer: And I wish we had that in the story.
Leah Feiger: I’m so sorry, but raptured into other teams. All of a sudden one day they’ve just disappeared. After this layoff, has Zuckerberg and co proposed a sort of coherent leadership plan or proposal? What happens after this?
Tech
Why the 2026 Hurricane Season Might Not Be That Bad
Atlantic hurricane season is almost upon us, and the early signs indicate it might be less active than usual. But that’s no reason to delete your weather app and ignore the forecast.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is predicting eight to 14 named tropical systems, of which three to six will become hurricanes and one to three will be Category 3 or higher.
“What’s driving this forecast is largely an El Niño event,” said NOAA administrator Neil Jacobs.
Characterized by a tongue of hot water stretching across the Pacific, El Niño is likely to emerge this summer. That stretch of warm ocean rearranges weather patterns around the world. In the case of the tropical Atlantic, El Niño stirs up winds that make it hard for hurricanes to spin up. Those that do can sometimes be torn apart by what’s going on in the upper atmosphere. (The opposite is true in the Pacific, and NOAA is predicting a very active season in that ocean basin.)
During the three past super El Niños, accumulated cyclone energy—a metric that factors in storms’ strength and longevity—was well below normal.
That said, El Niño, even an extremely strong one, is only one of many factors that impact hurricane season. Hot local ocean temperatures can help storms form and gain strength, and the Atlantic is currently warmer than normal.
At the same time, Sahara dust can gum up the atmosphere and inhibit storms from forming. It’s also notoriously hard to predict when plumes of it will kick up. That’s what happened last year, when a below-average number of named storms formed despite an active forecast. Despite the lower-than-expected activity, last year still spawned Hurricane Melissa, one of the strongest storms to ever make landfall in the Atlantic basin.
All of which is to say that the seasonal forecast is a handy guide for what to expect, and it’s great for federal and state agencies to preposition supplies and resources. But it’s what happens with individual storms that ultimately matters.
“Even though we’re expecting a below average season in the Atlantic, it’s important to understand it only takes one,” Jacobs said, noting that even in quiet years, Category 5 storms have still made landfall.
The Trump administration has slashed staffing at NOAA and reduced the collection of some data, such as weather balloons, that can impact forecasts. Jacobs touted the value of new observations, including aerial drones that will be deployed operationally for the first time.
NOAA has also ramped up the use of artificial intelligence weather models trained on historical data. During the 2025 hurricane season, the agency tested an experimental hurricane model developed with Google DeepMind. Late last year, it also rolled out a suite of AI weather models to use in operational forecasting, in addition to traditional weather models that use equations to forecast the weather.
The agency says that the AI version of its flagship model provides better prediction of the tracks of tropical cyclones—the generic name for hurricanes—though it lags traditional weather models in predicting their intensity.
Tech
Police op targets VPN service favoured by ransomware gangs | Computer Weekly
A virtual private network (VPN) favoured by cyber criminals to mask data exfiltration, fraud ransomware attacks and other criminality has been dismantled in Operation Saffron, a Franco-Dutch led action supported by Europol and other agencies, including the UK’s National Crime Agency (NCA), and private sector partner Bitdefender.
The First VPN service was heavily used among Russian-speaking threat actors, and according to Europol, was used in “almost every” major cyber investigation it has undertaken in the past few years. Besides obscuring malicious traffic from law enforcement surveillance, First VPN’s operators are also known to have offered services such as anonymised payments and hidden infrastructure.
“For years, cyber criminals saw this VPN service as a gateway to anonymity. They believed it would keep them beyond the reach of law enforcement. This operation proves them wrong. Taking it offline removes a critical layer of protection that criminals depended on to operate, communicate and evade law enforcement,” said Edvardas Šileris, head of the European Cybercrime Centre at Europol.
A spokesperson for Bitdefender added: “We are extremely pleased with the successful takedown of First VPN, and congratulate global law enforcement, and all those involved.
“Operation Saffron exemplifies the power of collaboration between the public and private security sector in dismantling illegal online activities, in this case, a VPN service designed to conceal attacks. It also serves a message to criminals who believe the dark web covers their actions and guarantees their anonymity. If they become the target of an international effort, they can’t hide.”
Operation Saffron marks the first time Bitdefender Labs’ virtual Draco Team unit has worked on a counter-VPN action, having previously been involved in a number of other operations including stings on the Hansa dark web marketplace, 2024’s Operation Endgame targeting botnets, and actions against ransomware gangs including GandCrab and its successor REvil.
Multi-year operation
The takedown operation itself – which took place on 19 and 20 May – saw First VPN’s administrator arrested and interviewed, and their home in Ukraine searched, 33 servers dismantled, and wider infrastructure disrupted. Multiple domain names have been shut down and seized, including 1vpns.com, 1vpns.net, 1vpns.org, and some associated Onion domains.
These actions marked the culmination of a four-and-a-half year investigation dating back to December 2021. During the course of this work, investigators were able to gain access to the First VPN service, obtain a copy its user database, and identify the VPN connections used specifically by cyber criminals.
This trove of intelligence has both exposed individual users linked to cyber criminality, and generated operational leads connected to past cyber attacks and other digital offences.
Indeed, Europol’s coordinating Operational Taskforce (OTF) has already disseminated over 80 intelligence packages worldwide and identified 506 known First VPN users. The EU agency said it has already been able to support 21 other investigations thanks to this work.
Industry reaction
Responding to the takedown, John Watters, CEO of iCounter – a threat intelligence platform, said: “This case demonstrates that cyber crime is ultimately an ecosystem problem, not just a malware problem. The infrastructure layer that supports ransomware and fraud operations has become highly commercialised, with threat actors relying on shared services that promise anonymity, resiliency, and protection from law enforcement scrutiny.
“When investigators successfully penetrate those ecosystems, they gain an opportunity to map relationships, operational dependencies, and repeat offender activity across multiple criminal campaigns simultaneously. The operationalisation of that intelligence is critical because it allows defenders and governments to move beyond reactive incident response and toward proactive disruption of adversary infrastructure.
Watters added: “These services are often some of the limited ways that law enforcement can impact threat actors who are in countries outside their reach. We should expect continued pressure on the enabling services that underpin cybercrime economies globally.”
“Targeting not only individual criminals and groups but also their infrastructure is becoming one of the most vital fronts in the international battle against cyber crime,” said CybaVerse head of penetration testing, Michael Jepson.
“Services like First VPN, alongside similar criminal-friendly VPNs and hosting providers, give threat actors the fundamental scaffolding to launch attacks. These services are often difficult to target because they resist legal complaints and court orders, and typically operate from permissive jurisdictions that rarely cooperate with foreign law enforcement.
“Pursuing individual criminals and groups becomes far harder when their activity is obfuscated and protected by these services,” added Jepson, “[so] shutting down these illicit hosts and VPNs is effective because it disrupts entire networks, and creates a knock-on effect where further criminal groups are disrupted as threat actors have to migrate their operations and reorient in the face of potential exposure.”
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