Politics
Bangladesh to hold referendum on reform charter proposals, says Yunus

- Bangladesh interim govt approved July National Charter.
- Charter seeks to reshape politics, constitution, institutions.
- Yunus says political parties will accept it in interest of nation.
Bangladesh will hold a national referendum on implementing its ‘July Charter’ for state reform, drafted after last year’s deadly student-led uprising, Muhammad Yunus, the head of the country’s interim government, said on Thursday.
He also reiterated that parliamentary elections will be held in the first half of February and that they would be free and fair.
The interim government approved the July National Charter (Constitution Reform) Implementation Order 2025 on Thursday, and it will be implemented depending on the outcome of the referendum.
“We have decided that the referendum will be held on the same day as the national parliamentary election — meaning, in the first half of February,” Nobel laureate Yunus said in a televised address to the nation.
“This will not hinder the reform process. Rather, it will make the election more festive and cost-efficient,” he said.
The July Charter seeks to reshape the country’s politics and institutions and give constitutional recognition to the 2024 uprising that forced Sheikh Hasina, a long-time prime minister, to flee to India.
It includes increased representation of women, limiting the prime minister’s term, strengthening presidential powers, expanding fundamental rights and ensuring judicial independence.
A majority of political parties had signed the charter in October but the National Citizens Party, formed by the leaders of last year’s movement and four left-leaning parties, had boycotted it.
The NCP said it stayed away due to the lack of a legal framework or binding guarantee for implementing the commitments made in the charter.
Supporters see the charter as a foundation for institutional reform. Critics say its impact could be largely symbolic without a legal framework or parliamentary consensus.
“I hope political parties will accept our decision in the greater interest of the nation,” Yunus said.
“The country will move toward a festive national election and step into a ‘New Bangladesh’.”
Politics
New Epstein emails claim Trump ‘knew about the girls’

- Democrats say messages raise serious questions for Trump.
- Speaker Johnson sets House vote on releasing Epstein files.
- Epstein to Maxwell, Trump spent hours with a victim.
WASHINGTON: Jeffrey Epstein suggested Donald Trump knew about the disgraced financier’s abuse and “spent hours” with one of the victims at his house, according to emails released by Democrats Wednesday that raised awkward new questions for the US president.
Trump has repeatedly denied any knowledge of the sex-trafficking activities of his former friend — who died by suicide in 2019 while in prison awaiting trial — and accused Democrats of trying to “deflect” from their own failings.
But the scandal has proved tough for Trump to shake, and Democrats on the House Oversight Committee said the three new emails “raise serious questions about Donald Trump and his knowledge of Epstein’s horrific crimes.”
The pressure on Trump grew later Wednesday, when Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson said he would hold a vote next week on a bid to force the Justice Department to release the remaining Epstein files.
In an April 2011 message to longtime associate Ghislaine Maxwell, Epstein asserts Trump spent significant time with a woman whom the White House later identified as Epstein’s main accuser, Virgina Giuffre.
“I want you to realise that that dog that hasn’t barked is Trump,” wrote Epstein. He added that the victim “spent hours at my house with him, he has never once been mentioned.”
Maxwell, who was convicted of sex trafficking after Epstein’s death, replied: “I have been thinking about that…”
‘Of course he knew’
In another email to the author Michael Wolff, dated January 31, 2019, Epstein allegedly wrote: “of course he knew about the girls as he asked Ghislaine to stop.”

Republicans later released a trove of thousands of emails, obtained after Democrats subpoenaed Epstein’s estate earlier this year, including one in which Epstein called Trump “dirty.”
The Epstein furore is still roiling Trump’s administration more than four months after his Justice Department sought to close the case.
Keen to capitalise on the simmering controversy, Democrats in the House have been trying to force a vote that would compel publication of the full Epstein case files.
Trump urged Republicans not to fall into a “trap,” and top officials hosted hard-right Republican Lauren Boebert in the White House Situation Room to push her to keep her name off the petition.
“The Democrats are trying to bring up the Jeffrey Epstein Hoax again because they’ll do anything at all to deflect on how badly they’ve done,” Trump said on Truth Social.
But Boebert refused to back down, and the petition passed when Democratic congresswoman Adelita Grijalva was sworn in after weeks of delay and immediately signed the petition.
Johnson said the House vote on the files would take place next week, earlier than expected, as Republicans try to put the issue behind them.
MAGA base furious
The White House went into fightback mode, accusing Democrats of selectively leaking the messages to “create a fake narrative to smear President Trump.”

Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said that Virginia Giuffre, who herself died by suicide in April, had declared that Trump “‘couldn’t have been friendlier’ to her in their limited interactions.”
The Epstein scandal has dogged Trump for months, after his Justice Department, in a July memo, reaffirmed he died by suicide, and that a “client list” Attorney General Pam Bondi claimed to have been reviewing did not in fact exist.
It sparked a furious backlash from Trump’s “MAGA” support base, who felt betrayed after being told for years that a “deep state” cover-up was protecting figures in the Democratic Party whom they accused of being Epstein’s clients.
Trump’s MAGA lieutenants — including two allies who now run the FBI — made careers of fanning the conspiracy theories, including that Epstein’s suicide was actually a murder ordered by his powerful clients.
Trump’s ties to Epstein are extensive. The pair were pictured partying together during a 15-year friendship before they reportedly fell out in 2004 over a property deal, and when Trump subsequently denounced his former ally.
Politics
Internet freedom declines in US, Germany amid growing online restrictions

WASHINGTON: Internet freedom declined in both the United States and Germany as Western democracies joined authoritarian states in imposing growing restrictions online, an annual survey by Freedom House said Thursday.
The Washington-based democracy promotion research group said global internet freedom fell for the 15th straight year, with declines in a number of countries that remain classified as “free”.
“We find worsening repression in authoritarian and authoritarian-leaning states, largely because governments in those countries see restrictions on the internet and online expression as a means of maintaining power,” said Kian Vesteinsson, the report’s co-author.
“Much more specific to 2025, we’ve seen conditions in democracies declining,” he told AFP.
“Unfortunately we see across North America and Western Europe generally a trend towards closing civic space in some countries, and in others deepening restrictions on people posting hateful or problematic content,” he said.
The US scored 73 on a scale of 100 on internet freedom in the year through May 2025 covered by the report, its lowest-ever figure and down three points from the previous year.
The report pointed in part to the detention by President Donald Trump’s administration of a number of non-US citizens over their online expression.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio has vowed to deport people over statements on Israel, decisions challenged in courts.
Germany also saw a decline of three points to 74. Freedom House said that Germany was seeing growing self-censorship and also the zealous enforcement of laws that prohibit hate speech and defamation.
It pointed to a suspended jail sentence and fine imposed on the editor of a far-right website over a social media post that included a manipulated image to criticise a politician.
The Trump administration has repeatedly criticised the free speech record of Germany, which says its Nazi past makes it critical to impose safeguards.
The most severe declines in the report were registered by Kenya, which briefly shut down the internet in response to nationwide protests, as well as Venezuela and Georgia.
Two countries were downgraded — Serbia was classified as “partly free” instead of “free” and Nicaragua was marked as “not free” instead of “partially free”.
Bangladesh saw the biggest gain, as a new government formed after a student revolt loosened restrictions in the country.
Freedom House, founded during World War II to promote democracy, was historically funded largely by the US government but operated independently.
Trump on returning to office slashed funding to rights groups including Freedom House, which has laid off staff.
Politics
World’s fossil fuel emissions to hit new record in 2025: study

PARIS: Global fossil fuel emissions are set to hit a new high in 2025, according to research published Thursday that also warns curbing warming under 1.5°C would now be essentially “impossible”.
The annual Global Carbon Budget report looks at humanity’s emissions of planet-heating CO2 from burning hydrocarbons, cement production and land use — like deforestation —and relates the figures to the warming thresholds outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement.
An international team of scientists found that CO2 emissions from fossil fuels will be 1.1% higher in 2025 than a year ago, with the huge rollout of renewable technologies across the world not yet enough to compensate for growing energy demand.
With emissions from oil, gas and coal all set to rise, the overall figure is due to reach a record of 38.1 billion tonnes of CO2.
Released as nations meet for COP30 climate talks in the Brazilian Amazon, the new study calculated a remaining allowance of 170 billion tonnes of CO2 to limit warming to 1.5°C from pre-industrial levels — the goal outlined in the Paris Agreement.
“This equates to four years of emissions at the current rate before the budget for 1.5°C is exhausted, so that is impossible, essentially,” said Pierre Friedlingstein of Britain’s Exeter University, who led the research.

The failure to cut planet-heating emissions is overshadowing the COP30 in the rainforest city of Belem — the conference taking place this week without the presence of the United States, the world’s second-largest polluter.
Despite indications that 2025 will be one of the hottest years ever recorded, nations’ future climate plans have also fallen far short.
“Collectively, the world is not delivering,” Glen Peters, at the CICERO Centre for International Climate Research, told AFP.
“Everyone needs to do their bit, and all of them need to do more.”
Not yet peaked
Peters said fossil emissions in China were largely “flat” this year, particularly from highly polluting coal, which could indicate that renewables will start to take a greater share of energy demand.
But he said policy uncertainty in the world’s biggest carbon polluter meant it was too early to declare it had reached a peak.
“The balance is shifting towards where you would start to expect emissions to go down, but it will take some time,” he said.

In the US, coal emissions rose 7.5%, as higher gas prices saw power generation switched to the more polluting fuel.
Overall, both the US and EU bucked recent downward trends with increased emissions, partly linked to cooler winter months spurring demand for heating.
In India, an early monsoon and strong renewables growth helped drive a smaller CO2 rise than in recent years.
The study, published in the journal Earth System Science Data, found that 35 countries had now managed to reduce their emissions while also growing their economies — twice as many as a decade ago.
Humanity’s total emissions including from land were projected to reach 42.2 billion tonnes this year — slightly lower than last year, although this was subject to wide uncertainty.
Researchers said a reduction in deforestation and damaging fires in South America — partly linked to the end of very dry 2023-2024 El Nino conditions — had played a role in reducing net land use emissions.
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