India and the United States have agreed on a framework for a bilateral trade deal under which Washington will reduce tariffs on Indian goods to 18% from the current 50%.The announcement is significant as the US had imposed steep duties on Indian exports entering American markets, effective August 27, 2025.

In August 2025, Washington announced a 25% tariff along with an additional 25% punitive duty on India for purchasing Russian crude oil and military equipment. These duties were imposed over and above existing tariffs on Indian goods. Under the new framework, the overall duty has now been brought down to 18% .Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed the move, saying he was delighted that “made in India products will now have a reduced tariff of 18%.”Tariffs are customs or import duties imposed by a country on goods bought from other nations.

How India compares globally

A comparison of US tariff rates across major economies places India in the middle of the global tariff spectrum, with an 18% duty on its exports.Brazil faces the steepest tariff at 50% , followed by Myanmar and Laos at 40% each. China attracts a 37% tariff, while South Africa faces a 30% levy.Several manufacturing hubs in Southeast Asia are subject to duties in the 19–20% range, including Vietnam and Bangladesh at 20% , and Malaysia, Cambodia and Thailand at 19% each.With an 18% tariff, India is now placed below most emerging-market competitors, offering it a relative pricing advantage in the US market.Advanced economies enjoy significantly lower tariffs. The European Union, Switzerland, Japan and South Korea each face a 15% duty, while the United Kingdom has the lowest rate at 10% .The reduction in tariffs is expected to benefit India’s labour-intensive sectors, as exporters will be able to price their products more competitively in the US market.

Why the US imposed tariffs

The US has argued that it faces a significant trade deficit with India, blaming New Delhi for imposing high tariffs on American goods, which it says restrict US exports to the Indian market.Under the proposed pact, India is expected to eliminate duties on certain goods immediately, phase out duties on others, reduce tariffs in some sectors, and offer quota-based tariff concessions for select products.However, sensitive sectors such as agriculture and dairy remain completely outside the ambit of the agreement, PTI reported.An executive order from the US is expected to provide greater clarity on tariff changes, while a joint statement from both countries will outline the sectors covered under the deal. Both are awaited.