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Microsoft shows potential of analogue optical computing in AI | Computer Weekly

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Microsoft shows potential of analogue optical computing in AI | Computer Weekly


Microsoft has teamed up with Barclays on a novel approach to tackling artificial intelligence (AI) and optimisation problems based on a scalable analogue optical computer (AOC) architecture, designed to use consumer-grade technology.

The approach, described in a paper published in Nature, overcomes the Von Neumann bottleneck that occurs in classical computing architecture, where performance is limited by the speed with which data can move between memory and the central processing unit. The authors of the paper discuss an approach that eliminates digital-analogue conversions and the need to merge compute and memory.

In doing so, they said the AOC can achieve substantial efficiency gains in certain circumstances. They projected that the AOC would deliver performance of around 500 tera-operations per second per watt at 8-bit precision, which they claim would make it over 100 times more efficient than leading graphics processing units.

The Microsoft researchers combined 3D optical and analogue electronic technologies, using projectors with optical lenses, digital sensors and micro light-emitting diodes to build it. As the light passes through the sensor at different intensities, the AOC can add and multiply numbers, which is the basis for solving optimisation problems. 

In the Nature paper, the researchers describe how the AOC hardware is able to accelerate all the compute operations to perform five key operations required for solving optimisation problems: matrix-vector multiplication, nonlinearity, annealing, addition and subtraction.

The paper also discusses how Microsoft worked with Barclays to try to solve the delivery-versus-payment securities problem, which aims to find the most efficient way to settle financial obligations between multiple parties in compliance with regulations while minimising costs or risks within the constraints of time and the balances available.

Shrirang Khedekar, a senior software engineer with the advanced technologies department at Barclays, worked with the Microsoft UK Research team to create the dataset and parameters used in the research. Khedekar, who co-authored the Nature paper, said Barclays is interested in continuing to solve optimisation problems as the capacity of future generations of the AOC grows. “We believe there is a significant potential to explore,” he said. “We have other optimisation problems as well in the financial industry, and we believe that AOC technology could potentially play a role in solving these.”

Microsoft said it would be publicly sharing its “optimisation solver” algorithm and the digital twin it developed to enable researchers from other organisations to investigate its approach to analogue optical computing.

Francesca Parmigiani, a Microsoft principal research manager who leads the team developing the AOC, said that while it is “not a general purpose computer, what we believe is that we can find a wide range of applications and real-world problems where the computer can be extremely successful”.

She said the digital twin mimics how the real AOC behaves by simulating the same inputs, processes and outputs of an AOC in a digital environment.

“To have the kind of success we are dreaming about, we need other researchers to be experimenting and thinking about how this hardware can be used,” said Parmigiani.



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It’s Time to Wrangle Your Messy Wires With Our Handy Guide to Cable Management

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It’s Time to Wrangle Your Messy Wires With Our Handy Guide to Cable Management


There’s a reason we’re called WIRED. If there’s one thing most of today’s gadgets have in common, it’s that they typically need to be plugged in from time to time. But all those cables, cords, and wires can be tough to manage. They don’t have to end up in a tangled nest under your desk; you can bring order to the cable chaos.

As a gadget reviewer, I have more cords than most people, which is why I also have a regimented cable management strategy to keep everything orderly. Here are my tips and product recommendations for hiding those cords and power strips, and keeping your desktop tidy.

Jump To:

Planning and Prep

Start by surveying the scene, unplugging and untangling everything, and removing anything that doesn’t need to be there. You might be surprised to find a stray USB-B or Micro-USB you haven’t used in years in the mix. Before you get started on cable management, take a slightly damp microfiber cloth and wipe down all the surfaces and cables. Now, you can start planning routes and figuring out which cables it would make sense to bundle together.

Ideally, cables will be the exact required length, so if you have spares or you don’t mind snagging some new cables, it’s worth switching and getting as close as possible to exact lengths to reduce the excess cable you have to hide. If you have a standing desk, remember to take into account the cable length required for a standing position (trust me, dear reader, it’s no fun when you hit stand on the desk and it pulls your PC tower into the air by a DisplayPort cable that is now forever stuck in that port).

Cable Management

Tidying your tech often comes back to cable management, but there are several ways to keep those cords neatly out of sight. Many desks have channels, grommets, and power strip trays built-in, so have a quick look to make sure you’re using what’s available. Some monitor arms also have built-in cable management. You also likely have a bunch of cable ties in your junk drawer or toolbox, so gather them together.

Ikea

Trixig 150-Piece Cable Management Set



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This Jammer Wants to Block Always-Listening AI Wearables. It Probably Won’t Work

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This Jammer Wants to Block Always-Listening AI Wearables. It Probably Won’t Work


Deveillance also claims the Spectre can find nearby microphones by detecting radio frequencies (RF), but critics say finding a microphone via RF emissions is not effective unless the sensor is immediately beside it.

“If you could detect and recognize components via RF the way Spectre claims to, it would literally be transformative to technology,” Jordan wrote in a text to WIRED after he built a device to test detecting RF signatures in microphones. “You’d be able to do radio astronomy in Manhattan.”

Deveillance is also looking at ways to integrate nonlinear junction detection (NLJD), a very high-frequency radio signal used by security professionals to find hidden mics and bugs. NLJD detectors are expensive and used primarily in professional contexts like military operations.

Even if a device could detect a microphone’s exact location, objects around a room can change how the frequencies spread and interact. The emitted frequencies could also be a problem. There haven’t been adequate studies to show what effects ultrasonic frequencies have on the human ear, but some people and many pets can hear them and find them obnoxious or even painful. Baradari acknowledges that her team needs to do more testing to see how pets are affected.

“They simply cannot do this,” engineer and YouTuber Dave Jones (who runs the channel EEVblog) wrote in an email to WIRED. “They are using the classic trick of using wording to imply that it will detect every type of microphone, when all they are probably doing is scanning for Bluetooth audio devices. It’s totally lame.” Baradari reiterates that the Spectre uses a combination of RF and Bluetooth low energy to detect microphones.

WIRED asked Baradari to share any evidence of the Spectre’s effectiveness at identifying and blocking microphones in a person’s vicinity. Baradari shared a few short videoclips of people putting their phones to their ears listening to audioclips—which were presumably jammed by the Spectre—but these videos do little to prove that the device works.

Future Imperfect

Baradari has taken the critiques in stride, acknowledging that the tech is still in development. “I actually appreciate those comments, because they’re making me think and see more things as well,” Baradari says. “I do believe that with the ideas that we’re having and integrating into one device, these concerns can be addressed.”

People were quick to poke fun at the Spectre I online, calling the technology the cone of silence from Dune. Now, the Deveillance website reads, “Our goal is to make the cone of silence become reality.”

John Scott-Railton, a cybersecurity researcher at Citizen Lab, who is critical of the Spectre I, lauded the device’s virality as an indication of the real hunger for these kinds of gadgets to win back our privacy.

“The silver lining of this blowing up is that it is a Ring-like moment that highlights how quickly and intensely consumer attitudes have shifted around pervasive recording devices,” says Scott-Railton. “We need to be building products that do all the cool things that people want but that don’t have the massive privacy- and consent-violation undertow. You need device-level controls, and you need regulations of the companies that are doing this.”

Cooper Quintin, a senior staff technologist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, echoed those sentiments, even if critics believe Deveillance’s efforts to be flawed.

“If this technology works, it could be a boon for many,” Quintin wrote in an email to WIRED. “It is nice to see a company creating something to protect privacy instead of working on new and creative ways to extract data from us.”



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I’ve Tried Every Pixel Phone Ever Made—Here Are the Best to Buy Right Now

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I’ve Tried Every Pixel Phone Ever Made—Here Are the Best to Buy Right Now


Portrait Light: You can change up the lighting in your portrait selfies after you take them by opening them up in Google Photos, tapping the Edit button, and heading to Actions > Portrait Light. This adds an artificial light you can place anywhere in the photo to brighten up your face and erase that 5 o’clock shadow. Use the slider at the bottom to tweak the strength of the light. It also works on older Portrait mode photos you may have captured. It works only on faces.

Health and Accessibility Features

Cough & Snore Detection (Tensor G2 and newer): On the Pixel 7 and newer, you can have your Pixel detect if you cough and snore when sleeping, provided you place your Pixel near your bed before you nod off. This will work only if you use Google’s Bedtime mode function, which you can turn on by heading to Settings > Digital Wellbeing & Parental Controls > Bedtime Mode.

Guided Frame (Tensor G2 and newer): For blind or low-vision people, the camera app can now help take a selfie with audio cues (it works with the front and rear cameras). You’ll need to enable TalkBack for this to work (Settings > Accessibility > TalkBack). Then open the camera app. It will automatically help you frame the shot.

Simple View: This mode makes the font size bigger, along with other elements on the screen, like widgets and quick-settings tiles. It also increases touch sensitivity, all of which hopefully makes it easier to see and use the screen. You can enable it by heading to Settings > Accessibility > Simple View.

Safety and Security Features

Theft Protection: This is a broader Android 15 feature, but essentially, Google’s algorithms can figure out if someone snatches your Pixel out of your hands. If they’re trying to get away, the device automatically locks. Additionally, with another device, you can use Remote Lock to lock your stolen Pixel with your phone number and a security answer. To toggle these features on, go to Settings > Security & privacy > Device unlock > Theft protection.

Identity Check: If your Pixel detects you’re in a new location, Identity Check will require your fingerprint or face authentication before you can make any changes to sensitive settings, offering extra peace of mind in case you lose your phone or if it’s stolen. You can enable this in Settings > Security & privacy > Device unlock > Theft protection > Identity Check.

Courtesy of Google

Private Space: Another Android 15 addition, Pixel phones finally have a feature that lets you hide and lock select apps. You can use a separate Google account, set a lock, and install any app to hide away. To set it all up, head to Settings > Security & privacy > Private space.

Satellite eSOS (Pixel 9 and Pixel 10 series, excluding Pixel 9a): Like Apple’s SOS feature on iPhones, you can now reach emergency contacts or emergency services even when you don’t have cell service or Wi-Fi connectivity. It’s not just available in the continental US, but also in Hawaii, Alaska, Canada, and even Europe.



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