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Northern Ireland police kept inspectors in dark over surveillance of journalists | Computer Weekly

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Northern Ireland police kept inspectors in dark over surveillance of journalists | Computer Weekly


Northern Ireland police failed to disclose two covert surveillance operations against journalists to the UK’s independent surveillance watchdog in breach of their statutory obligations.

The Police Service of Northern Ireland kept inspectors from the Investigatory Powers Commissioner’s Office (IPCO) in the dark about two covert operations against  journalists in 2018 and 2023, it has been disclosed.

Brian Leveson, the investigatory powers commissioner, confirmed in a letter to Northern Ireland’s policing board that the PSNI only informed IPCO about the covert operations in 2025, after they had become public.

The disclosure, in letters published in the Northern Ireland Policing Board’s annual human rights report, first reported by The Detail, comes as the PSNI is preparing to publish a review by barrister Angus McCullogh KC into police surveillance of journalists and lawyers in Northern Ireland.

Covert surveillance in 2018

In August 2018, the PSNI authorised an unlawful surveillance operation in a failed attempt to identify a confidential journalistic source suspected of supplying information to journalists Barry McCaffrey and Trevor Birney.

The then chief constable of the PSNI authorised a Directed Surveillance Authorisation (DSA) to allow the PSNI to monitor an individual suspected of leaking information to the two journalists.

But according to Leveson, the PSNI failed to disclose the existence of the surveillance operation against the journalists to IPCO inspectors during the watchdog’s annual inspection in spring 2019, in breach of its statutory obligations.

“There is no indication in the 2019 inspection report for PSNI that my inspectors were notified of any covert activity conducted against journalists, or with the intention of identifying a journalistic source,” he wrote in a letter to the Policing Board.

Leveson said that he had received no explanation for the PSNI’s omission. “The question remains why the DSA was not specifically brought to my inspectors’ attention in 2019, given its stated objective of identifying a journalistic source,” he said.

The PSNI did not inform IPCO of the surveillance operation until after the Investigatory Powers Tribunal disclosed it publicly in its judgment in favour of the two journalists in 2024, awarding them costs.

Independent inquiry

Barry McCaffrey and Trevor Birney told Computer Weekly that the PSNI had consistently failed to take oversight seriously during the journalist’s legal battle with the PSNI.

“It’s quite clear that the PSNI is incapable of acting honestly with any of these oversight bodies. They don’t take it seriously at all, or they show them complete disrespect by failing to properly and honestly interact with them,” said McCaffrey.

He said that the only way of getting to the truth was to hold an independent public enquiry.

 “We now see with Brian Leveson that they have withheld evidence even when IPCO was asking for it and we fear that there are going to be more incidents of this when the McCullough review comes out,” he added.

2023 operation spied on Twitter

The PSNI also failed to disclose a surveillance operation against another unnamed journalist in 2023 to IPCO inspectors.

The operation targeted the covert monitoring of social media posts on X by investigative journalist Dónal MacIntyre.

In a letter to the policing board, Leveson said that the PSNI had failed to alert inspectors to the operation despite being asked to do so.

“This authorisation was not brought to my inspectors’ attention, despite their specific enquiry regarding any operations involving confidential journalistic or legally privileged material” he added.

The inspection was led by judicial commissioner Declan Morgan, the retired former Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, who sought specific assurances from IPCO on surveillance authorisations issued agaist journalists. He reported that he identified no issues on non-compliance with the management of confidential information.

As Lord Chief Justice, Morgan ruled in 2019 that the Durham Police, which was assisting the PSNI, had unlawfully used search warrants in an attempt to identify Birney and McCaffrey’s sources.

Boutcher: journalistic risk not identified

 PSNI Chief constable, Jon Boutcher told the policing board that he had no explanation why the PSNI had not disclosed the 2018 surveillance operation to IPCO inspectors.

“No reason or record can be located to explain why this was not highlighted to IPCO as intended,” he said.

He said that the PSNI had not reported the later 2023 surveillance operation to IPCO as it had not identified that it related to journalistic material.

 “As this application had not been highlighted correctly in conjunction with journalistic material, it was not identified when preparing for the 2024 inspection and not highlighted to the IPCO inspectors,” he added.

 He said that the material sought was limited to “public tweets” and did not seek private communications.

Barry McCaffrey (left) and Trevor Birney (right)

 Up to 16 BBC journalists targeted

Following the IPTs’ ruling in favour of Trevor Birney and Barry McCaffrey, other journalists have made complaints that they were unlawfully spied on.

Former BBC journalists, Vincent Kearney has filed a complaint against the PSNI, and up to another 16 BBC journalists have also raised concerns about unlawful surveillance by the PSNI or MI5, according to the policing board.

Computer Weekly reported in July that the PSNI engaged in sustained surveillance of BBC journalists in Northern Ireland from at least 2006 to 2022.

Surveillance against BBC journalists allegedly took place during multiple PSNI operations, codenamed Operation Oxbow in 2009, Operation Settat in 2011, Operation Basanti in 2014 and Operation Grimmicaeie in 2022.

Data published by the policing board, shows that the number of complaints to the Investigatory Powers Tribunal relating to the PSNI’s use of surveillance powers, rose from 9 in 2022, to 16 in 2023 and 33 in 2025.

The PSNI received “notifications to disclose” information in 3 cases in 2022, raising to 6 cases in 2023, and 19 in 2024, which according to the policing board “might indicate that these are not hopeless cases.”

Oversight mechanism ‘not working’

 Amnesty International said the admission that the PSNI covert surveillance operations targeting journalists, including one later ruled unlawful, were withheld from the UK’s surveillance watchdog is “deeply concerning”.

 “The PSNI not only authorised covert surveillance designed to identify journalists’ confidential sources, in flagrant violation of press freedom, but then withheld details of those operations from the very watchdog charged with holding them to account,” said Patrick Corrigan, Amnesty International’s Northern Ireland Director.

  “There must now be an overhaul of the mechanisms designed to provide oversight of police surveillance activities across the UK,” he said. 

Daniel Holder of the Belfast-based human rights group the Committee on the Administration of Justice (CAJ) called for the  government to  implement the 1999 Patten Commission’s recommendation for a dedicated Commissioner for Covert Law Enforcement in Northern Ireland.

 “We cannot continue with an oversight system that is dependent on the PSNI and other bodies here exercising such covert powers voluntarily telling the oversight body what they are doing, or hope that such matters are turned up in limited dip-sampling,” he said.

 IPCO ‘not dependent on voluntary disclosures’

 A spokesperson for IPCO said that the investigatory powers commissioner Brian Leveson will personally raise the issues with the PSNI chief constable, Jon Boutcher.

 In response to the failures, the PSNI had enhanced its central record of surveillance authorisations and would implement training on the “acquisition and management of information relating to journalists,” the spokesperson added.

 IPCO said that its oversight regime is not dependent on voluntary disclosures.

 “Inspectors use proactive techniques, including ‘dip sampling’ of authorisations, to identify compliance issues and verify responses to requests for information,” the spokesperson said.

  “The requirement for PSNI to highlight journalist-related authorisations provides an additional layer of assurance in the oversight process,” the spokesperson added.

 Policing board “open to all courses of action’

The chair of the Northern Ireland policing board, Mukesh Sharma, said that the Board has expressed its serious concerns regarding the use of covert surveillance.

“The Board awaits the findings of the McCullough Review and remains open to all courses of action to ensure proper accountability,” he said.

The Police Service of Northern Ireland’s deputy chief constable, Bobby Singleton said that the PSNI welcomed the policing board’s human rights report.

“We will continue to work closely with the Policing Board’s Independent Human Rights adviser as we consider and respond to the content and recommendations of this wide-ranging report,” he said.



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Sora Has Lost Its App Store Crown to … Dave’s Hot Chicken

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Sora Has Lost Its App Store Crown to … Dave’s Hot Chicken


Since its launch on September 30, OpenAI’s Sora app has dominated the iOS App Store charts, thanks to its easy breezy AI video generation and an initially loose interpretation of copyright laws. On Friday, its reign came to an end. Your new champion is … Dave’s Hot Chicken.

Yes! Not ChatGPT or Gemini or Threads or any of the other usual suspects. Dave’s Hot Chicken now rules over the App Store, where its slack-beaked, bug-eyed mascot icon expresses appropriate surprise at its ascent. How did it do it? How did it break the grasp of OpenAI’s golem TikTok? With something people love even more than large language models: free food.

“They’re running a promotion for free sliders in celebration of Drake’s birthday,” says Adam Blacker, PR director of the app analytics firm Apptopia. “Free food always gets the downloads flowing.”

If you’re wondering what Drake has to do with any of this, he invested in the fast casual restaurant chain in 2021, and presumably made a mint when the company sold a majority stake to private equity firm Roark Capital for a reported $1 billion. For the third consecutive year, the company gave away one (1) free slider to anyone who has downloaded the app in honor of Drake’s birthday. (The rapper and Raptors fan turns 39 today; the giveaway was Thursday.)

“We’re celebrating a celebrity that’s popular and that’s currently relevant, and also getting food in people’s mouths,” says Dave’s Hot Chicken chief technology officer Leon Davoyan.

And it truly is a lot of people. On a typical week, Davoyan says, Dave’s sees between 20,000 and 25,000 new sign-ups to its loyalty database. On Thursday alone the promotion drove 343,531 new accounts—a more than 10 percent bump to the brand’s overall membership in a single day, according to the CTO.

It was enough to knock Sora out of the top slot for the first time since October 3, an impressive stretch for an app that’s still invite-only. In the first 23 days since it launched, Sora racked up 3.2 million iOS downloads in the US, according to app analytics company Sensor Tower. That’s a much faster pace than even ChatGPT, which while similarly viral notched 2.3 million US downloads in the same time. (Sora is not yet available in the Google Play Store, but it’s incoming.) OpenAI declined to comment.

While Sora is likely to reclaim the top spot after the Drake promotion dies down, Dave’s Hot Chicken should continue reaping the benefits of its giveaway. Last year, according to Sensor Tower, downloads of the app in the four weeks following the same marketing push were more than 50 percent higher than the month leading up to it. All those free sandwiches are worth the long-term gains.



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This Upgraded SteelSeries Gaming Headset Is $80 Off

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This Upgraded SteelSeries Gaming Headset Is  Off


In the world of high-end gaming headsets, the SteelSeries Arctis Nova Pro Wireless (8/10, WIRED Recommends) stands out with an impressive feature set and excellent audio. Right now, you can pick up the wireless model for just $300 from Amazon, an $80 discount off the usual price. That might sound like a lot for gaming headphones, but these offer quite a lot for the price.

Photograph: Eric Ravenscraft

SteelSeries

Arctis Nova Pro Wired/Wireless Headset

This luxurious gaming headset is a great pick for daily gamers who want excellent sound quality and high-end comfort. They have big drivers that make sounds in-game pop, and an excellent mic with noise-canceling so good your friends won’t even know you have a dog. They’re super comfortable, with the SteelSeries signature ski-goggle strap to take the pressure off your head.

While they’re built for gaming, they also sound great listening to music or watching movies. They have a nice, punchy sound profile and spatial audio support for a more immersive experience. If you’re on a PC, the SteelSeries GG software gives you a ton of options for balancing your audio across multiple sources, and you can even set individual EQ profiles for different applications.

By including a USB DAC for wireless connectivity, the Arctis Nova Pro can achieve some unique and compelling features not found on other headsets. The range is impressive, thanks to more room for the antenna and power than you’d find in a smaller USB dongle. You can adjust the volume and audio mix from a generous knob on the front, and it has multiple audio inputs for switching between consoles.

Best of all, the hub can charge a spare battery for the headset, giving you essentially infinite run time as long as you’re seated at the computer. When you run down the 25 or so hours on one charge, just swap out the battery and the headset will reconnect and pick up where you left off. It’s the perfect feature for anyone with battery concerns, but don’t worry, you can also charge the headset via USB-C directly.

At $300, these aren’t cheap, and there are better gaming headsets for single-console or casual gamers, as well as an even more expensive model, but I think these are a great middle ground for anyone with a budget and a Steam backlog.



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Heavier electric trucks could strain New York City’s roads and bridges, study warns

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Heavier electric trucks could strain New York City’s roads and bridges, study warns


Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain

New York City’s roads and bridges already incur millions in annual damage from oversized trucks, and a new study warns the shift to electric freight could intensify that burden. As electric trucks replace diesel models, their heavier batteries could increase the city’s yearly repair costs by up to nearly 12% by 2050.

Led by C2SMART researchers at NYU Tandon School of Engineering in collaboration with Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and published in Transport Policy, the study finds that oversized trucks already cause about $4.16 million in damage each year while permits bring in only $1.28 million. Electric trucks typically weigh 2,000 to 3,000 pounds more than diesel models, and in rare long-range cases as much as 8,000 to 9,000, so the financial gap is expected to grow.

“As become more common, our city’s infrastructure will face new and changing demands to support this transition,” said Professor Kaan Ozbay, the paper’s senior author and director of NYU Tandon’s C2SMART transportation research center. “Our framework shows that the city should adapt its planning and fee structures to ensure it can accommodate the costs of keeping bridges and roads safe as a result of more widespread adoption of e-trucks. “

Using New York City’s Overdimensional Vehicle Permits dataset, the researchers modeled how electric-truck adoption could play out through 2050. They found that switching to e-trucks could increase damage costs by 2.23 to 4.45% by 2030, and by 9.19 to 11.71% by 2050. More extreme scenarios tied to unusually heavy batteries produced higher figures, though the authors say those outcomes are unlikely as technology improves.

The impact would not be uniform across the city. Manhattan faces the greatest increase, with parts of Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx also at risk due to heavy truck volumes and aging structures. Staten Island and many outer areas show lower impact. Bridges shoulder about 65% of the added costs because they are especially sensitive to increases in gross vehicle weight. Pavement, affected more by axle loads, wears down more gradually.

“We found that conventional oversized trucks in New York City already impose more than $4 million in annual damage,” said the study’s lead author Zerun Liu, NYU Tandon Ph.D. candidate in the Civil and Urban Engineering department’s recently established Urban Systems Ph.D. program, who is advised by Professor Ozbay. “With projected adoption of , those costs could increase by an additional nearly 12%. That gap highlights the urgent need for new strategies to keep infrastructure sustainable.”

To manage the risks, the researchers created a susceptibility index identifying road segments and bridges most vulnerable to heavier vehicles. They recommend replacing flat permit fees with flexible, weight-based fees that reflect actual costs while still recognizing environmental benefits. They also call for expanding weight monitoring on high-risk corridors, especially in Manhattan, and factoring e-truck projections into city maintenance and capital plans to avoid expensive emergency repairs.

Although the study focuses on New York City, similar pressures are emerging elsewhere. The European Union allows zero-emission trucks to exceed weight limits by nearly 9,000 pounds, while U.S. rules permit an additional 2,000. The framework developed by the NYU Tandon and RIT team offers cities a way to balance climate goals with the realities of infrastructure wear.

Despite the added costs, the authors stress that the overall case for electric trucks in New York remains strong. Their scenarios suggest that widespread electrification could cut about 2,032 tons of carbon dioxide each year, improving air quality and public health.

“The proposed methodological framework can provide actionable insights for policymakers to ensure infrastructure longevity and safety as e-truck adoption grows,” Ozbay said.

In addition to senior author Ozbay and lead author Liu, the paper’s other authors are Jingqin Gao, C2SMART’s Assistant Director of Research; Tu Lan, a Ph.D. student in the Urban Systems Ph.D. program graduated under Professor Ozbay’s advisement; and Zilin Bian, a recent NYU Tandon Ph.D. graduate from the Civil and Urban Engineering department , now an assistant professor at RIT.

More information:
Zerun Liu et al, A comprehensive framework for the assessment of the effects of increased electric truck weights on road infrastructure: A New York City case study, Transport Policy (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103808

Citation:
Heavier electric trucks could strain New York City’s roads and bridges, study warns (2025, October 24)
retrieved 24 October 2025
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