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Not just ‘mother of all deals’: FTA with EU and 7 other trade pacts signed by India since 2021 – The Times of India

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Not just ‘mother of all deals’: FTA with EU and 7 other trade pacts signed by India since 2021 – The Times of India


Antonio Costa, Narendra Modi, and Ursula von der Leyen

NEW DELHI: The India–European Union (EU) Free Trade Agreement (FTA), announced on Tuesday, is the country’s eighth such pact since 2021. Famously called the “mother of all deals” by European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen days before she arrived in Delhi with European Council President Antonio Costa, the FTA brings together the second-largest economy (EU) and the fourth-largest (India).

8 FTAs since 2021

8 FTAs since 2021

The pact was finalised during the European leaders’ visit to Delhi for India’s 77th Republic Day celebrations, for which they were invited as chief guests. It was announced a day after Republic Day, making the EU India’s 22nd FTA partner.

‘We Delivered The Mother Of All Deals’: EU Chief Ursula Von Der Leyen Hails India FTA, Thanks Modi

Here are India’s eight Free Trade Agreements since 2021:Mauritius: The Mauritius–India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement (CECPA) was signed on February 22, 2021. The pact came into force on April 1, making it India’s first such agreement with an African nation.UAE: India’s Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with the UAE was signed on February 18, 2022, and came into force on May 1. Under the agreement, the UAE would eliminate 97% of tariff lines, covering 99% of India’s exports to the UAE. In return, India would provide greater access to UAE exports by reducing or removing tariffs on 80% of products.Australia: Signed on April 2, 2022, and in effect since December 29, the Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) made 85% of Australian goods exports to India by value tariff-free, rising to 90% by January 1, 2026. India, in turn, received zero-tariff access to Australian goods.EFTA: It was India’s FTA with four developed European nations (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland) and was signed after 21 rounds of negotiations that began in 2008. Called the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA), it was signed on March 10, 2024, and implemented on October 1, 2025. TEPA committed $100 billion investments and one million direct jobs in India over 15 years.UK: Signed on July 24 last year during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to London, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) provides duty-free access to 99% of India’s exports to the UK, covering nearly 100% of the trade value.Oman: India and Oman signed their Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement on December 18, 2025. Under the pact, India secures 100% duty-free access in Oman across 98.08% of tariff lines, covering 99.38% of the export value.New Zealand: Although yet to be signed, the India–New Zealand FTA is one of India’s fastest-concluded trade pacts. Negotiations began in March last year and concluded in December. It provides unprecedented duty-free access for Indian exports to New Zealand while safeguarding India’s sensitive sectors.EU: Under the FTA, Indian exports worth Rs 6.4 lakh crore are set to gain access to 27 EU markets under a single trade framework. The deal is expected to enhance market access for Indian products across sectors including textiles and apparel, engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, electronics, chemicals, plastics and rubber, marine products, leather and footwear, gems and jewellery, handicrafts, tea, spices, and agri-products.Although expected to be implemented next year, Union minister Piyush Goyal said the government is hopeful to roll it out within the current calendar year.



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Stock market today (March 20, 2026): Nifty50 opens above 23,200; BSE Sensex up over 700 points – The Times of India

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Stock market today (March 20, 2026): Nifty50 opens above 23,200; BSE Sensex up over 700 points – The Times of India


Stock market today (AI image)

Stock market today: Benchmark indices Nifty50 and BSE Sensex opened in green on Friday after a big selloff on Thursday that saw markets tank over 3%. While Nifty50 opened above 23,200, BSE Sensex rose over 700 points, just shy of 75,000. At 9:16 AM, Nifty50 was trading at 23,229.15, up 227 points or 0.99%. BSE Sensex was at 74,945.45, up 738 points or 0.99%.Dr. VK Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist, Geojit Investments Limited says, “Market has been oscillating between some hope and fear during the last four days. The gains which Nifty accumulated in the previous three days have been completely wiped out with the 775 point loss yesterday. This oscillation between hope and fear is likely to continue in the near-term.Today there is potential for the market to move up since hope of de-escalation is back. Israel PM’s remarks yesterday indicate that there won’t be further attacks on Iran’s oil and gas infrastructure. This has cooled the Brent crude to $ 106 from the peak of $118 yesterday. The HDFC issue impacted Nifty Bank significantly yesterday and it also contributed to the crash in Nifty. This is likely to be a storm in a tea cup. Even though the uncertainty continues, the market construct is ripe for a bounce back today. Beaten down financials and autos are set for a bounce back.”Indian equity markets tumbled sharply on Thursday, breaking a three-day gaining streak, as escalating tensions in West Asia sparked a global risk-off sentiment. Analysts said the market is entering a phase of heightened vulnerability, with investor confidence increasingly influenced by fast-moving geopolitical developments and a surge in crude oil prices.Asian markets opened higher on Friday after US equities recovered from their intraday lows and oil prices eased. However, Wall Street had closed lower on Thursday, dragged down by declines in Micron Technology and Tesla, as rising oil prices stoked inflation worries and dampened expectations of future interest rate cuts.Gold prices edged up on Friday but were still set for a third straight weekly decline, pressured by a strong dollar and the US Federal Reserve’s hawkish stance, which has reduced hopes of near-term monetary easing. Oil prices, meanwhile, fell on Friday after major European countries and Japan signalled their willingness to support measures to ensure safe passage for vessels through the Strait of Hormuz, while the US outlined steps to boost supply.Foreign portfolio investors remained net sellers, offloading equities worth Rs 7,558 crore on Thursday, while domestic institutional investors provided some support, purchasing shares worth Rs 3,864 crore.(Disclaimer: Recommendations and views on the stock market, other asset classes or personal finance management tips given by experts are their own. These opinions do not represent the views of The Times of India)



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Iran oil attacks trigger 35% gas price spike – and fears of interest rate rises

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Iran oil attacks trigger 35% gas price spike – and fears of interest rate rises



Britain is to “step up” defensive support for Gulf states after Iran attacked energy sites across the region in a “serious escalation” of the war that could push up inflation and interest rates.

The price of Brent crude climbed as high as $119 a barrel and European gas prices briefly surged by 35 per cent after Iran pounded Qatar’s Ras Laffan energy hub and other Middle Eastern oil and gas infrastructure with missiles.

Interest rates were held at 3.75 per cent instead of the previously expected cut, as the Bank of England warned that the war could push inflation as high as 3.5 per cent by July on the back of rising energy bills, and that rates could rise – creating misery for homeowners.

It came as:

  • US defence secretary Pete Hegseth said “ungrateful” European allies should be thanking Donald Trump for the war
  • Trump claimed he was unaware of Israel’s strike on Iran’s South Pars gas field
  • Oman called the US/Israel attacks a “grave miscalculation”
  • Europe’s biggest airlines warned of higher fares

Iran’s attacks were in retaliation to an Israeli strike on the vital South Pars gas field, which drew condemnation from the Gulf states as well as Tehran. It was the first attack of the war so far on an energy production facility. Tehran fired missiles at multiple energy sites across the Gulf, including a Saudi oil refinery, Qatari gas facilities and two more oil refineries in Kuwait.

While Sir Keir Starmer and Emmanuel Macron called for de-escalation, President Trump threatened to “massively blow up” the South Pars facility if Iran did not halt its retaliatory attacks, repeating his claim that US forces had “obliterated” Iran’s navy and military, adding that the war was “substantially ahead of schedule”. He denied that plans were being made to send more American troops to the region.

John Healey, the UK defence secretary, said Tehran’s tit-for-tat responses threatened to further destabilise the region and Europe’s economies. He called them a “serious escalation”, adding: “They further destabilise the region and we will step up the defensive support that we can offer to those Gulf states.”

British forces are already deployed to the Middle East, with RAF jets flying defensive sorties against Iranian drones across the Gulf and British air defence systems protecting critical infrastructure in Saudi Arabia. UK military planners have also joined US Central Command to help formulate proposals for opening the Strait of Hormuz, a critical trade route for the world’s oil and gas.But there were signs of growing frustration towards Washington’s war aims in the Gulf states, with Oman’s foreign minister claiming that the conflict was President Trump’s “greatest miscalculation”.

In the most scathing attack on Washington’s foreign policy yet by a Gulf state, Badr Albusaidi said “this is not America’s war” and criticised Mr Trump for supporting Israel. Writing in The Economist, he called on American allies to help extricate it from the conflict, which has continued for a third week despite failing to achieve the US and Israel’s stated aim of instigating regime change in Tehran or stopping its nuclear programme.

Meanwhile, the Bank of England has warned that it may have to put up interest rates if the war continues to drive up inflation and unemployment. Its governor, Andrew Bailey, said the impact was already being felt by consumers as petrol prices surge and that he is “ready to act as necessary to ensure inflation remains on track to meet the 2 per cent target”. That would pave the way for a rate hike as early as the end of April.

Bets on the financial markets suggest a 50/50 chance that Britain will face higher interest rates from next month – and the possibility of two more rises by the end of the year.

Danni Hewson, head of financial analysis at AJ Bell, said: “Markets are now pricing in an almost 50 per cent chance that April’s meeting will see rates rise to 4 per cent with the potential for two additional rate hikes by the end of the year. But no one has a crystal ball. No one knows how long the conflict will last or the amount of damage that could be inflicted on crucial energy infrastructure by the time it ends.”



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Watch: How oil and gas prices are pushing up the cost of living

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Watch: How oil and gas prices are pushing up the cost of living



From fuel to mortgages, the BBC looks at how oil and gas prices could push up the cost of living.



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