Tech
Turning pollution into clean fuel with stable methane production from carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the world’s most abundant pollutants and a key driver of climate change. To mitigate its impact, researchers around the world are exploring ways to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and transform it into valuable products, such as clean fuels or plastics. While the idea holds great promise, turning it into reality—at least on a large scale—remains a scientific challenge.
A new study led by Smith Engineering researcher Cao Thang Dinh (Chemical Engineering), Canada Research Chair in Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals, paves the way to practical applications of carbon conversion technologies and may reshape how we design future carbon conversion systems. The research addresses one of the main roadblocks in the carbon conversion process: catalyst stability.
In chemical engineering, a catalyst is a substance that accelerates a reaction—ideally, without being consumed in the process. In the case of carbon conversion, catalysts play a critical role by enabling the transformation of CO₂ into useful products such as fuels and building blocks for sustainable materials.
Copper-based materials are the most efficient catalysts for converting CO2 into methane, the main component of the natural gas used in water and home heaters, and for electricity generation. However, these copper catalysts undergo significant transformation in the process, and keeping the system working for a long period of time remains critically challenging.
Dr. Dinh’s team has developed an innovative method to synthesize and recycle the copper catalyst during the electrochemical reaction within the carbon conversion system. These exciting results were recently published in Nature Energy.

In this approach, what is added to the system is not the copper catalyst per se, but a catalyst precursor (a substance that requires activation to become an active catalyst). Researchers then use electrical signals to dynamically form catalysts in situ during the CO2 conversion process.
What’s better: when electric signals are turned off, the catalyst goes back to its precursor form. “Repeating this cycle ensures selective and stable performance over extended periods. This is one of the most stable systems for carbon conversion to date,” says Dr. Dinh.
In traditional carbon conversion systems, once the CO2 reduction reaction gets started, it needs to keep running to avoid catalyst degradation. But in the new system, when the reaction stops, the catalyst turns back into its precursor form. Once the system is turned back on, in a matter of seconds, it produces a new catalyst and restarts the carbon reduction reaction.
Stability during intermittent operations is crucial for integrating carbon conversion systems and intermittent renewable energy sources, like solar or wind power. Dr. Dinh and the team are energized about the new possibilities these findings present, especially for the production of methane.
“Methane has a remarkably high energy density, which is important for energy storage applications,” says Guorui Gao, a Ph.D. student working on the project. “The seamless compatibility with existing gas infrastructure, including transportation pipelines and storage facilities, makes it suited for large-scale and long-term energy solutions.”
The research involves collaboration from multiple institutions from Canada, the United States, Brazil, Spain and Australia. As a next step, Dr. Dinh’s lab will attempt to apply this same process to produce ethylene, ethanol, and other products. The team will also work to scale up the technology to prepare it for practical applications, paving the way for a more sustainable future.
More information:
Guorui Gao et al, Recoverable operation strategy for selective and stable electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to methane, Nature Energy (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01883-w
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Tech
Crypto Magnate Do Kwon Sentenced to 15 Years in Prison
South Korean crypto entrepreneur and prosecuted fraudster Do Kwon was sentenced to 15 years in prison by a US federal judge in the Southern District of New York on Thursday.
Kwon cut a solemn figure as he was escorted into the courtroom by US Marshals, his head bowed, his cheeks sunken as if he’d lost a significant amount of weight. He wore a bright lemon-colored prison jumpsuit over a long-sleeve shirt, with cuffs around his waist and hands.
In August, Kwon pleaded guilty to defrauding investors who purchased crypto coins issued by his company, Terraform Labs. In May 2022, the abrupt collapse of those coins wiped out $40 billion and sent the crypto economy into a tailspin that bankrupted numerous other companies.
“Kwon’s fraud was colossal in scope, permeating virtually every facet of Terraform’s purported business,” US prosecutors wrote in a recent court filing. “His rampant lies left a trail of financial destruction in their wake.”
Given the chance to address the court on Thursday, Kwon said he took sole responsibility for the fraud. After thanking his former coworkers and supporters, some of whom had gathered in the public gallery, he became emotional. His lawyers, to his left and right, rubbed his back.
The offenses to which Kwon pleaded guilty carry a maximum sentence of 25 years in prison. Before the hearing, prosecutors had petitioned for a 12-year prison term. But the presiding judge, Paul Engelmayer, ruled that a more punitive sentence was required in order to deter future crypto fraudsters.
“This case will be there as a reminder of breaking bad and what happens,” Engelmayer told the courtroom. “To the next Do Kwon, if you commit fraud, you will lose your liberty for a long time.”
As he was bundled into an elevator outside the courtroom after receiving his sentence, Kwon appeared to be holding back tears. The chain that hung between his feet rattled against the floor.
Not-So-Stablecoin
Kwon started Terraform in 2018, alongside cofounder Daniel Shin. Two years later, the company announced plans to launch TerraUSD (UST), a stablecoin whose value was supposedly pegged to the US dollar by way of an algorithm. The algorithm would effectively tie UST to a second coin issued by the firm, LUNA. A dollar’s worth of LUNA could be exchanged for a dollar’s worth of UST, and vice versa. If UST were to ever slip below $1, traders would be incentivized to buy LUNA until the target value was restored.
“It was an intriguing and very novel mechanism,” Noelle Acheson, an analyst who previously worked at the crypto brokerage Genesis, told WIRED last year. “Many smart people believed it would work.”
In May 2022, the price-balancing system belched. When traders sold large quantities of UST, it slipped from its dollar peg, leading to a panicked sell-off that drove the price practically to zero. In a now-infamous tweet, Kwon tried to stop the selloff, writing, “deploying more capital—steady lads.” But the value of UST and LUNA plummeted, wiping $40 billion from the market.
Tech
RFK Jr.’s Health Department Is Pondering a National Men’s Health Initiative
The US Department of Health and Human Services is considering launching a federal men’s health initiative, a source at the agency tells WIRED.
Brian Christine, who will be sworn in on December 12 as assistant secretary for health at HHS and head of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, called for such an effort Wednesday during a Food and Drug Administration panel on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for men. A spokesperson for HHS declined to comment.
“We have a men’s health crisis in this country. Now we need a national strategy,” he said as part of a call for creating so-called Men’s Health Centers of Excellence across the country that would collaborate with each other, share information, and generate data to inform policy and programs around men’s health.
Participants in Wednesday’s FDA panel—which included federal health officials, urologists, experts on male sexual health, and the CEO of a TRT pharmaceutical company—voiced support for expanding the eligibility criteria for TRT and removing testosterone from the FDA’s controlled substances list. Earlier this year, the FDA held a similar panel on hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women and announced in November that it would remove a black box warning from the medications.
The Trump administration has aggressively canceled equity and transgender initiatives across the government and cut hundreds of millions of dollars in funding for research into women’s and LGBTQ health.
During the panel discussion, Christine called attention to men’s health more broadly, pointing out the widening gender gap in life expectancy in the US and that 44 percent of men surveyed in 2023 didn’t get an annual physical. While rates of depression are similar among men and women, men are much less likely to seek treatment despite suicide rates in the US being much higher in men. Substance abuse compounds that problem, he said, with the majority of opioid overdoses occurring in men.
“There are fewer federal programs targeting men’s health concerns than women,” Christine said. “None of this suggests that we should back off our commitment to women’s health. No—never. But we do need a parallel track for men’s health in this country.”
Christine also couched men’s health concerns, particularly obesity, as a national security issue. “Men’s health concerns truly affect defense preparedness, defense readiness and the safety of this country against our enemies,” he said, adding that obesity is a barrier to serving in the military.
Tech
How Taiwan Made Cashless Payments Cute
At a 7-Eleven convenience store in Taiwan, you can pick up a 4-inch plushie of Miffy, the bunny character from the Netherlands, a mini bento box charm complete with a realistic chicken drumstick, or a tiny plastic rotary phone. Produced by iCash Corporation (a 7-Eleven affiliate), these keychains are more than just trinkets: Each contains a contactless chip that connects it to Taiwan’s elaborate stored-value payment system.
iCash cards, along with those made by competitors like EasyCard and iPASS, can be used to ride the subway and buses, as well as to make purchases at convenience stores and other retailers in Taiwan. The over-the-top branded keychains, which cost anywhere from $10 to over $30, generate modest direct sales. But their real value lies in their marketing power, drawing shoppers deeper into 7-Eleven’s rewards ecosystem and keeping small payments inside its orbit.
Decentralized and Deeply Local
Over the past decade, iCash Corporation and its rivals have turned dozens of everyday products in Taiwan into limited-edition keychains. Many are miniature versions of snacks and household items available at 7-Eleven stores, such as a can of the sports drink Super Supau, a tube of Darlie toothpaste, and a cup of Uni-President’s classic yellow pudding dessert. Those who prefer something weirder can get a teeny package of toilet tissues, or a doll-sized Scotch-Brite kitchen sponge. When I lived in Taipei for a few months last year, I paid for things with a bag of crinkle-cut potato chips.
iCash Corporation has also licensed Sanrio characters like Hello Kitty and Cinnamoroll, as well as Pikachu from Pokémon and Stitch from Disney’s Lilo & Stitch. One of my favorite Taiwanese payment cards isn’t even a keychain at all—it’s a plastic version of Sailor Moon’s wand made by EasyCard, which (naturally) lights up when you complete a transaction.
I have been obsessed with these keychains and novelty toys since I began reporting on Taiwan several years ago. They’re the most delightful side effect of the island’s move toward cashless payments, and they demonstrate just how different Taiwan’s digital infrastructure is from China’s. Nearly every consumer transaction in China happens through either Alibaba or Tencent, two tech giants that have a near monopoly on payments. Whether you’re buying a bowl of noodles at a street stall or a designer purse in a Shanghai boutique, you will almost always find both an Alipay and WeChat Pay QR code.
In contrast, Taiwan has developed a pluralistic network of NFC cards and mobile wallets layered atop its dense transit system and network of convenience stores. The result is a cashless framework that is tactile, decentralized, and deeply local. In Taipei, people often “tap” to pay, while in Beijing, they “scan.” At least in some ways, Taiwan’s technology is arguably just as sophisticated as China’s. In fact, Alibaba followed the island’s lead last year and launched its own tap payment method.
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