The Winter storm has no name. But a storm is coming, An extreme winter weather system is expected to move eastward from New Mexico to Georgia and Maine beginning Friday, and affect anywhere from a third to half the country’s population by the end of the weekend. This will likely bring snow, ice accumulation, and biting cold to parts of the country unaccustomed to harsh winter weather.

The best thing to do is bunker in. But doing so requires preparation. Extreme winter weather can cause a nest of difficulties that combine into a crisis, especially if you live in an area without infrastructure and experience handling a foot of snow and single-digit temperatures. Ice buildup and high winds, and the high energy use that comes with extreme cold, cause power outages that disable the electric home heating systems commonly used in places with normally mild weather. Roads may be impassable for days in cities without a fleet of plows.

You’ll want to be prepared to shelter in place until travel is safe, with warm clothing and blankets, and plenty of water and nonperishable food. Ideally, you won’t have to leave your house or even look at your car until the acute crisis is past. WIRED offers a broader guide to home emergency preparedness, which we created in consultation with Columbia University’s National Center for Disaster Preparedness.

But winter storms bring specific challenges and needs. I’ve spent months as a reporter piecing together the many small tragedies that led to 41 deaths during a historic 2022 blizzard in Buffalo, New York, where one of the most common causes of death was simply being outside at all. I’ve also witnessed the mix of overconfidence and underpreparedness that leads to casual mayhem when a mere inch of snow and ice befalls my hometown of Portland, Oregon, where snow is rare.

I consulted National Weather Service preparedness lead Charlie Woodrum and our team of product testers for advice on how to prepare for extreme winter weather. “You have to think in that mindset of, ‘We could have power out,’” Woodrum said. “We could lose it for a couple days, or up to even a week, and we also could lose water if pipes freeze or water mains break. You have to plan for both power outages and for the loss of water going into these events.”

Here’s how to stay warm if a power outage hits during extreme winter weather, and the essential items you’ll need—and definitely don’t need—ahead of a winter storm.

What You Need: Drinkable Water or Water Purifiers

In any emergency, securing potable water is always among the first priorities. Humans don’t live long without it. One of the most common risks during an extreme winter storm is that water pipes will freeze or break, disrupting your supply of fresh water. To stop your home’s pipes from freezing, keep your taps running at a slight drip. In an interview last year, Jonathan Sury, a senior staff associate at Columbia University’s National Center for Disaster Preparedness, cited the standard advice to keep a gallon of water per person per day, for personal hydration and food prep. Sury keeps a week’s supply of water at the ready, which can be purified with simple household bleach in emergency situations. (If you go this route, follow the Environmental Protection Agency’s advice on dosing.)

But ideally, you have a water purification kit or a good water filter on hand so you are able to purify water that’s been sitting a while. I like the flexibility of filtered water bottles like the Clearly Filtered stainless steel bottle, which can filter any liquid as you suck through it. (You may need to use extra suction, but Clearly’s bottle filters a much broader array of potentially harmful substances than most similar filters.) Woodrum at the National Weather Service notes that you can also fill a bathtub with usable water in advance of a storm, or fill up jugs or buckets.

What You Should Not Do: Drink Unfiltered Snow

Woodrum cautioned against trusting that snow is a source of clean water, even if you’ve gathered it directly from the sky. “Just like any other precipitation, like rain, there’s chemicals and pollution in the atmosphere that make snow unsafe to melt and drink,” he said. Ground snow is, needless to say, probably even dirtier.

That said, as a last resort, you can melt snow that looks mostly clean and then purify it. Woodrum referred us to an advisory from the Louisiana Department of Health, issued during a rare winter storm there, that advised boiling snow if possible. Otherwise, it’s possible to melt snow in the sun by placing it in a ziplock bag. From there, it can be purified. (Your purification drops won’t work on frozen snow or slushy water. Melt it first.)

What You Need: A Good Base Layer

Your best emergency gear for staying warm is warm clothing, whether great slippers or a classic down puffer jacket. But in truly cold weather, warmth starts with a good base layer. We have a whole guide to the best base layers, which is almost exclusively wool. There are a few reasons you want to have wool long underwear in an emergency. First, obviously, it’s warm when it needs to be—wool is exceptionally good at thermoregulation—and dressing in layers is always the best way to stay warm because heat gets trapped in the space between each garment.

But the other reason you want wool in the event of an emergency is that it can be worn for days (even a week) without getting stinky from sweat, because its proteins naturally neutralize the bacteria that make your clothes smell. If the power is out or your water main bursts and you can’t run your washing machine, wool will stay relatively fresh for a few days. See also WIRED’s advice on effectively layering clothing.

What You Also Need: Warm Work Mitts

Your biggest risk of frostbite is to your extremities, especially exposed hands. You’ll probably have to do some work outside, such as salting the walk or shoveling out your car. If you already have a favored pair of snow gloves, by all means, just use those. But nothing is as warm as mittens. Kinco mitts, with their flexible index finger, started as gear for chopping wood before being embraced by snowboarders in terrain parks. They offer the best of both worlds: a functional work glove that keeps your tender extremities warm, and will also be just as useful on the ski slopes. These mitts have developed a serious following among serious snow people.

What You Probably Do Not Need: Heated Clothing

Clothing that has built-in electric heat has its place, and WIRED writers have enjoyed its benefits in the past, but if you’re in a situation where power may be tough to come by, you’d be better served using it to charge your cell phone or flashlight.

What You Need: A Good Flashlight or Two

Photograph: Martin Cizmar

Olight

Arkfeld Pro Flashlight

We keep recommending this waterproof Arkfeld Pro to anyone who’ll listen. But WIRED also has a whole guide to the best flashlights and headlamps. Candles are also nice, for steady light that does not require electricity and provides a tiny flame of warmth. To use candles, you’ll need to remember to keep lighters or matches on hand.

What You Need: A Good Power Bank

The more common and practical modern solution to a power outage is lithium-ion power packs. This can be a somewhat volatile technology, so you don’t want to just buy the cheapest ones on Amazon. Among portable power banks and larger-capacity power stations, WIRED testers recommend any of multiple portable devices from Jackery. The smaller 300 model includes solar options and is good for powering small devices. The big 62-pound Explorer 2000 offers enough amperage to boil water, and it can be outfitted with extra batteries.

Where Caution Is Warranted: A Fuel-Based Generator

Note that no power station, not even the 2000-Plus, has enough storage to power even a small space heater for very long, so it’s not a viable heating solution if your home uses electricity for heat. A generator, even a smaller one like a 4,000-watt, gas-powered Westinghouse ($769), is able to power a space heater. But fuel-powered generators like this are not safe to operate indoors, notes NWS preparedness lead Woodrum, nor even in a garage. People can and do die from carbon monoxide buildup from using generators indoors. Generators should be operated 20 feet from an indoor space, if this is possible in your living setup.

A built-in generator is the best and most expensive solution to possible power outages. Keep any fuel-based generators 20 feet from your house, Woodrum told us, in order to avoid carbon monoxide buildup. And pay close attention to safety ratings on any long cords you use to power higher-wattage devices. But unless you need a generator to maintain medical equipment, there’s a good chance you don’t have one.

What You Need: A Portable Jump-Starter

For the most part, don’t drive your car in the snow if you’re not used to driving in the snow. But you still want your car to be available as an option. If you have an older and weaker car battery that still fires up but is losing juice, it may fail when zapped by extreme cold. And in a power outage, the heater in your car may be the only reliable way to get your body temperature back up, even if you don’t need to use it to drive. A portable jump starter is a necessity in cases like this. I’ve been testing jump starters this winter, and WIRED testers have had excellent luck with devices from Noco and Gooloo. (Each will require charging in advance of use.)

Just note two very important safety precautions if you’re going to use your car as a personal heater. Never do so in an enclosed space, such as a home garage. And in true blizzards, make sure your tailpipe is clear, or carbon monoxide will back up into your car. For this reason also, don’t fall asleep in a running car while snow is falling.

What You Probably Do Not Need: An Emergency Ice scraper

I’m not saying I don’t keep a little car ice scraper like this $10 compact scraper from Mallory in my glove box. If you live in cold weather, you likely also have a scraper already because it saves time before your morning commute. But if you’re in a place without regular snow, you probably don’t need an emergency scraper just for this one time you have a snowstorm. If your car is running, so is your car’s heater. It’ll heat the windshield and melt ice. Just wait until your car’s heat has normalized temperatures, and you’re not going to have foggy windows. (But a note, if you need it? Don’t use anything metallic to scrape ice off your rear view or other mirrors. Metal scrapes glass. Use a plastic or silicone spatula.)

What You Might Need: A Good Space Heater

Assuming your power is on (or you’ve got a home generator), you’ll want a good space heater on hand for extreme cold weather that can tax the electrical grid. This’ll let you stay warmer wherever you are in the house, during extreme cold events when heating the whole house up to toasty temps may require a great deal of electricity. City grids can get dodgy.

The Dreo Whole Room Heater is the best compact resistance heater I’ve tested: safe, efficient, and quiet. But during a winter storm, I also like oil-filled radiators like the De’Longhi Dragon because they build up heat and keep radiating warmth even when you’ve turned them off. This makes them excellent for sleeping, so you don’t leave a space heater running while unconscious. Fires can still start in the snow. The fire department can’t reach you easily in the snow.

Where Extreme Caution Is Warranted: Indoor Kerosene Heaters

Kerosene heaters don’t require electricity, which means they work even during a power outage. They’re also more commonly used in some other countries as a form of indoor heat. But US fire and safety authorities are pretty leery about using them indoors, because they suck up oxygen and create carbon monoxide that can build up in unventilated spaces—and, obviously, cracking a window in extreme cold events kind of defeats the purpose of using a heater. This makes them a last resort, when it comes to keeping warm. As an additional caution, go outside to pour fuel into devices like this, and be sure not to store kerosene canisters indoors.

What You Need: A Shovel. Any Shovel.

Suncast

18-Inch Snow Shovel

This cheap, no-nonsense snow shovel is what WIRED reviews director Martin Cizmar has for the occasional Kansas City snowstorm. And if you live in a winter zone, chances are you’ve got some version of shovel to clear the occasional walk. Rock salt is also an essential winter tool for melting ice. Sand or kitty litter can help your car gain traction if its wheels are spinning in place, as well. But honestly, any version of shovel will do in a pinch, to dig out your car when you need to use it.

What You Do Not Need: A Snow Shovel You’ll Use Only Once

If you live in a latitude that only snows once every three years? You don’t need a specialized snow shovel. Just use a square-edged spade if you have one or whatever shovel is available if you don’t. Stores in warm weather locales are unlikely to have snow shovels in stock anyway, noted the National Weather Service’s Woodrum.

But in general, your best advice in a truly extreme winter storm is decidedly not to spend your time out in the cold shoveling the walk. And if you do decide to spend a lot of time shoveling, make sure you take plenty of breaks and don’t overexert yourself, Woodrum cautioned. One of the sad facts I’ve learned covering winter storms as a reporter is that one of the ways people die or find themselves in acute medical distress is through coronary events that occur while working too hard shoveling snow. In the early hours after a blizzard, emergency medical care is not always accessible or able to reach you. Exercise caution.

What You Might Need: A Cooler

This is a little counterintuitive because when there’s a power outage during a winter storm, you can theoretically put any perishable food you need to keep cold outside where it’s colder than you’d like it to be. The problem is that you don’t want to freeze your gallon of milk and fend off neighborhood raccoons eyeing your fresh fruit. So have a cooler handy, and use it to keep the contents of your fridge chilly but not too chilly (fresh ice available outside!) in a power outage.

What You Also Need: Nonperishable Food Rations

Maruchan

Instant Chicken Ramen (24 Ct.)

FEMA recommends always keeping a few days’ nonperishable food ready at hand. Chances are, you do this already by instinct, whether it’s cereal or granola or a lot of ramen. Canned fish is especially nutritious, noted Columbia University disaster expert Jonathan Sury when I spoke with him in late 2025. So are beans. Cold weather is more forgiving than hot weather when the power’s out, in terms of food that needs freezing or refrigeration. But one way or the other, if a storm’s coming, make sure you’ve got nonperishable food stores you’re able to prepare or eat even without heat.

What You Probably Do Not Need: MREs

If you’re backpacking or riding out the apocalypse, nothing is as durable and lightweight as dehydrated food. But in a winter storm, you’re likely bunkering in. I’m not saying you shouldn’t pick up survival food like those from Oregon-based Mountain House, which offers portable, 3-day emergency meal kits ($70), or a 14-day emergency food kit ($200) with lasagna from Nutrient Survival. I’m just saying it’s expensive, and you probably can just hang out with canned and dry goods, peanut butter, and a big bag of granola for the few days to a week you might be housebound in a storm.

What You Might Need: A Camping Stove

Coleman

2-Burner Propane Camping Stove

As my colleague Adrienne So likes to note, outdoor gear is already emergency gear. In a pinch, if your power is off and you don’t have cooking capability, a camping stove will do. Most emergency experts don’t recommend using gas-fueled equipment indoors, because of the carbon monoxide risk from burning fuel. But unlike fuel-based lamps and heaters, you’re likely to only be using cooking equipment for a limited period of time, and you can also ideally do your cooking in a ventilated garage.

Anyway, WIRED outdoor expert Scott Gilbertson likes a basic two-burner Coleman stove. Pretty much every living generation of my family has used a Coleman just like it on camping trips since before I even formed lasting memories. Note that because these things tend to last a long time, the Coleman models we’ve tested are earlier models than the current one I’ve linked here.For even more compact options and spirit burners, see WIRED’s guide to the best backpacking stoves.

What You Should Not Do: Use a Gas Stove to Heat Your Home

I’ve said it so often in this guide it’s likely tiresome. But, while gas stoves designed for your home are better than equipment designed for outdoor use, they still emit carbon monoxide and other pollutants. And so they’re not a great solution to home heat that involves leaving them on constantly. Aside from the very real fire risk of a pilot light blowing out in an oven door you’ve left open, gas and other pollutants can build up in your home. And a lot of American homes and apartments sadly don’t have a true oven hood that ventilates air to the outside.

What You Might Need: A Log-Splitting Wedge

Estwing

Sure Split 5-Pound Wood-Splitting Wedge

If you are planning to chop wood for a fireplace or a cooking bonfire (it’s one source of heat anyone outside very urban areas should be able to lay their hands on without too much effort), a hammer and a wedge splitter are the easy, low-cost, compact tools we recommend for splitting logs in a pinch.

What You Definitely Do Not Need: An Axe

No one who isn’t very experienced swinging an axe to chop wood should be using one, and that’s extra true when roads are hard to traverse for emergency personnel. It’s way too easy to hurt yourself swinging a big, heavy, sharp object, and that’s not limited to cutting yourself. You might just as easily end up sending a giant splinter airborne.

Additional Helpful Advice

Download Emergency Phone Apps

Before an anticipated major storm, take a moment and download emergency phone apps. As of January 2026, FEMA has an app. But also, your municipal or state government probably also has opt-in emergency push notifications. Opt in. Also check out WIRED’s catalog of personal safety apps, including a subscription service called Rescu that connects you directly to first responders.

A Battery-Powered Radio Is Also Helpful

Radio is still how local authorities will put out emergency information. And so it’s good to have one, for weather updates and updates about local warming stations. Preppers love to recommend a handcrank radio. But for a storm whose impact is likely measured in days, I tend to prefer batteries over hand power.

Power Up Your Devices in Advance

Stock up on batteries. And spend the day before any anticipated storm charging your phones, your power banks and power stations, your jump starters, and anything else that you think you might want to use during a power outage of unknown length.

Gas Up Your Car

Fill up an extra gas can, while you’re at it. You don’t want to drive your car in bad conditions, if it can be avoided. But in the worst-case scenario, with power out and no reliable source of heat, a running car may be your best and fastest way to warm up. Just make sure you do not ever run your car in a closed garage or with a snow-blocked tailpipe: That’s how people die.

Don’t Forget Games and Activities

A constant refrain among emergency experts we consult? Don’t forget how bored you’ll be. Have a great board game, or a good building kit. A small gaming device like the Nintendo Switch 2, plus a power bank like WIRED’s top-pick Nimble, can also be a sanity saver if you’ve got a kid running around.

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