• Lapse of New Start treaty ends half-century of nuclear restraint.
• Russia criticises US for not agreeing to extend warhead limits.
• Moscow says neither side is bound any more by treaty provisions.

MOSCOW: Russia and the United States are no longer bound by any limits on the size of their strategic nuclear arsenals after their last arms control treaty expired on Thursday with no agreement between them on what should come next.

The New Start treaty, which set limits on each side’s missiles, launchers and strategic warheads, was the last in a series of nuclear agreements stretching back more than half a century to the depths of the Cold War.

Security experts say its expiry risks ushering in a new arms race that will also be fuelled by China’s rapid nuclear build-up.

Russian President Vladimir Putin had proposed that Moscow and Washington agree to adhere to the treaty’s key provisions for one more year, but US President Donald Trump did not make any formal response.

Trump says he wants a better deal that will also bring in China. But Beijing refuses to negotiate with the other two countries because it has only a fraction of their warhead numbers – an estimated 600, compared to around 4,000 each for Russia and the US

In a statement late on Wednesday, hours before New Start lapsed, Russia criticised what it called the “mistaken and regrettable” US approach.

It said Moscow’s assumption now was that the treaty no longer applied, and both sides were free to choose their next steps.

Russia “remains prepared to take decisive military-technical countermeasures to mitigate potential additional threats to national security”.

But it will act responsibly and is open to diplomacy to seek a “comprehensive stabilisation of the strategic situation,” the statement said, striking a balance between assertiveness and restraint.

Trump made no statement as the treaty expired. The White House said this week that Trump would decide the way forward on nuclear arms control, which he would “clarify on his own timeline”.

UN chief says nuclear risk is highest in decades

Strategic nuclear weapons are the long-range systems that each side would use to strike the other’s capital, military and industrial centres in the event of a nuclear war.

They differ from so-called tactical nuclear weapons that have a lower yield and are designed for limited strikes or battlefield use.

In the absence of a treaty framework that provides stability and predictability, analysts say each side will find it harder to read the other’s intentions. That could lead to a spiral in which each feels the need to keep on adding weapons, based on worst-case assumptions about what the other is planning.

Within a couple of years, each could deploy hundreds more warheads beyond the New Start limit of 1,550, experts say.

“Transparency and predictability are among the more intangible benefits of arms control and underpin deterrence and strategic stability,” said Karim Haggag, director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

“Without them, relations between nuclear weapon states are likely to be more crisis prone – especially with artificial intelligence and other new technologies adding complexity and unpredictability to escalation dynamics and a worrying lack of diplomatic and military communication channels between the USA and both China and Russia.”

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said the dissolution of decades of achievement in arms control “could not come at a worse time – the risk of a nuclear weapon being used is the highest in decades.”

He urged Russia and the US to resume negotiations without delay to agree “a successor framework that restores verifiable limits, reduces risks, and strengthens our common security”.

WASHINGTON: The New York City Health Department on Wednesday said it has joined the World Health Organisation’s global outbreak response network following President Donald Trump’s withdrawal of the US from the UN health agency.

Why’s important

Following the Republican president’s decision to pull the US out of the WHO, some Democratic leaders have made their regions join the WHO’s Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) in defiance of Trump. New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani has been critical of the president’s policies.

California Governor Gavin Newsom and Illinois Governor JB Pritzker, both Democrats, have also said their states will join the WHO’s global outbreak response network. The network responds to public health events around the world, such as pandemics and disease outbreaks, and comprises of more than 360 technical institutions.

Key quotes

“By joining GOARN, New York City gains access to a global network of over 360 institutions and organisations that respond to acute public health events with the deployment of staff and resources to affected countries,” the NYC Health Department said in a statement.

“Infectious diseases know no boundaries, and nor should the information and resources that help us protect New Yorkers,” New York City Acting Health Commissioner and Chief Medical Officer Michelle Morse added.

Context

The US formally left the WHO last month after completing a one-year waiting period following an executive order that Trump signed in January 2025.

Since taking office, Trump has withdrawn the US from dozens of global and UN entities, saying they do not benefit Washington. His steps have been condemned by health and human rights experts.

The first day of talks between Ukraine, Russia and the United States seeking to broker an end to the war in Ukraine concluded Wednesday in Abu Dhabi with Kyiv describing the negotiations as “substantive and productive”.

While there was no apparent breakthrough in the most recent round of discussions, the negotiations were set to carry on into a second day, Kyiv said.

The US-mediated talks are the latest in a flurry of diplomacy that has so far failed to strike a deal to halt the war, unleashed by Russia’s February 2022 invasion.

The war has spiralled into Europe’s deadliest conflict since World War II, with hundreds of thousands killed, millions forced to flee their homes in Ukraine and much of the eastern and southern part of the country decimated.

The talks were going on Wednesday as stepped-up Russian strikes on Ukraine’s power infrastructure left Kyiv residents in darkness and cold, with temperatures dropping as low as -20C.

But though the massive barrage threatened to overshadow progress, Ukraine’s top negotiator Rustem Umerov said the talks the first day were “substantive and productive, focused on concrete steps and practical solutions”.

As talks got underway, the Kremlin repeated its hardline demand that Kyiv give in if it wanted the four-year invasion to end.

“Our position is well known,” Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters on Wednesday as the talks got underway.

“Until the Kyiv regime makes the appropriate decisions, the special military operation continues,” he said, using Russia´s term for the offensive.

In Ukraine, foreign ministry spokesman Georgiy Tykhy said Kyiv was “interested in finding out what the Russians and Americans really want.”

The content of the talks was on “military and military-political issues,” he added, without elaborating.

The main sticking point in settling the conflict is the long-term fate of territory in eastern Ukraine.

Moscow is demanding that Kyiv pull its troops out of swathes of the Donbas, including heavily fortified cities atop vast natural resources, as a precondition of any deal.

It also wants international recognition that land seized in the invasion belongs to Russia.

Kyiv has said the conflict should be frozen along the current front line and has rejected a unilateral pull-back of forces.

Trump dispatched his ubiquitous envoy Steve Witkoff and son-in-law Jared Kushner to try to corral the sides to an agreement.

Russia’s top negotiator is military intelligence director Igor Kostyukov, a career naval officer sanctioned in the West over his role in the Ukraine invasion.

Europe fears it has been sidelined in the process, even as France and Britain lead efforts to put together a peacekeeping force that could be deployed to Ukraine after any deal.

It was “strategically important for Europe to at some point be part of the negotiations,” the EU’s ambassador to Ukraine Katarina Mathernova told AFP on Wednesday in Kyiv.

Russia occupies around 20% of Ukraine, but Kyiv still controls around one-fifth of the Donetsk region.

Ukraine has warned that ceding ground will embolden Moscow and that it will not sign a deal that fails to deter Russia from invading again.

Russia also claims the Lugansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions as its own, and holds pockets of territory in at least three other Ukrainian regions in the east.

‘Prepare for the worst’

On the battlefield, Russia has been notching up gains at immense human cost, hoping it can outlast and outgun Kyiv’s stretched army.

Russian shelling of a market square in the frontline town of Druzhkivka killed seven on Wednesday, Ukrainian regional authorities said.

Following the first round of US-brokered talks in Abu Dhabi last month, Ukrainians were sceptical that a deal could be struck with Moscow.

“I think it’s all just a show for the public,” Petro, a Kyiv resident, told AFP.

“We must prepare for the worst and hope for the best.”

On the streets of Moscow, some were more hopeful.

“Everyone hopes, everyone is very optimistic about these negotiations,” says Larisa, a retiree who said she had family in Ukraine and relatives fighting at the front.

“It has to end one day, everyone’s had enough,” said Anton, a 43-year-old engineer.