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What Is The Federal Reserve And Why Trump Removed Its Governor

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What Is The Federal Reserve And Why Trump Removed Its Governor


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“Trump’s unprecedented removal of US Federal Reserve Board Governor Lisa Cook comes amid his criticism that the central bank’s high interest rates hurt his economic agenda

If Trump succeeds in removing Lisa Cook, he will be able to nominate her successor, potentially reshaping the Fed's governing board for the next several years. (AP/File)

If Trump succeeds in removing Lisa Cook, he will be able to nominate her successor, potentially reshaping the Fed’s governing board for the next several years. (AP/File)

President Donald Trump on Monday abruptly removed Lisa Cook from her position as a governor of the US Federal Reserve Board, effective immediately. Cook, who has not faced any accusations or convictions, said her dismissal lacks legal justification and confirmed she has no intention of resigning.

This unprecedented move by Trump comes amidst his outspoken criticism of the Federal Reserve for not reducing interest rates, which he believes undermines his efforts to strengthen the US economy.

Cook, the first black woman to serve as a Fed governor, stated, “President Trump attempted to dismiss me ‘with reason’, while there is no such reason under the law. He has no right to do so.” She affirmed, “I will not resign. I will continue to perform my duties to help the US economy, as I have been doing since 2022.”

Cook, who was appointed by former President Joe Biden, has engaged high-profile lawyer Abbe Lowell to represent her. Cook previously held positions at the US Treasury and the White House under former President Barack Obama.

Lowell commented, “President Trump has once again resorted to social media to ‘attack via tweet’ and once again his threatening response is flawed. His demands lack any due process, basis, or legal authority.” He emphasised, “We will take whatever action is necessary to stop his illegal action.”

He said that Cook plans to file a lawsuit challenging her dismissal. A Federal Reserve spokesman did not immediately comment on Trump’s letter.

This episode could lead to a prolonged legal battle, with significant stakes including the credibility of the US dollar as the world’s safe currency.

The Federal Reserve And Its Board of Governors

The US Federal Reserve comprises 12 reserve banks, each with a president, and a seven-member board of governors. The Fed has five key roles: conducting US monetary policy, promoting financial system stability, supervising and regulating financial institutions, promoting the safety and efficiency of payment and settlement systems, and promoting consumer protection and community development.

The Board of Governors, an agency of the US federal government, plays a crucial role in guiding the operations of the Federal Reserve System and overseeing the reserve banks. Its members are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, but the board reports to and is directly accountable to Congress.

Allegations Against Cook

Trump has accused Cook of making false statements regarding loans on two houses in 2021.

He wrote, “For example, as detailed in the criminal referral, you signed a document certifying that a property in Michigan would be your primary residence for the next year.”

He continued, “Two weeks later you signed another document for a property in Georgia, stating that it would be your primary residence for the next year.”

Trump claimed that it is unthinkable that Cook was not aware of her first commitment when she made the second.

He concluded, “Given your deceptive and potentially criminal conduct in financial matters, the American people cannot trust your honesty and neither do I. At a minimum, this conduct demonstrates gross negligence in financial transactions, which calls into question your qualifications and credibility as a financial regulator.” Interest rates on loans for houses designated as primary residences in the US are low.

Legality Of Trump’s Move

Under the Federal Reserve Act, each member holds office for a term of fourteen years from the expiration of their predecessor’s term, unless removed earlier by the president for cause. ‘Cause’ typically means misbehaviour or incapacity while in office.

Trump stated, “I have found that sufficient cause exists to remove you from office.”

In a statement issued through her lawyers, Cook maintained that Trump had attempted to fire her without any legal cause or authority. Questions arise whether Cook can be fired while the investigation is pending and if Trump has sufficient evidence to claim ’cause.’

Historically, the US central bank has been shielded from direct political actions, and the US Supreme Court indicated this May that it is willing to provide broader protections to Fed governors.

The court stated, “The Federal Reserve is a uniquely structured, quasi-private entity that follows the distinguished historical tradition of America’s First and Second Banks.”

Potential Outcome If Cook Is Removed

If Trump succeeds in removing Cook, he will be able to nominate her successor, potentially reshaping the Fed’s governing board for the next several years. Fed governors typically serve 14-year terms. Two of the current seven governors, Christopher Waller and Michelle Bowman, were appointed by Trump. Trump appointed Jerome Powell as the chairman of the Federal Reserve in 2017.

As of Monday, the Board of Governors had six members, including Cook, with one seat vacant following Adriana Kugler’s resignation earlier this month. Trump has nominated Stephen Miran, chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors, to fill Kugler’s place. If Miran’s appointment is confirmed by the Senate and Trump succeeds in removing Cook and appointing her successor, Trump will secure a 4-3 majority on the board.

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Commodity market boost: Sebi plans to boost institutional participation; derivatives and bonds in focus – The Times of India

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Commodity market boost: Sebi plans to boost institutional participation; derivatives and bonds in focus – The Times of India


Markets regulator Sebi is taking steps to enhance institutional participation in both agricultural and non-agricultural commodity markets, aiming to make them more appealing for hedging activities, its chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey said on Thursday, PTI reported.Speaking at the Bloomberg Forum for Investment Management, Pandey said, “We are looking to enhance institutional participation to make this market more attractive for hedging.” He added that deepening India’s cash equities market and improving the derivatives segment remain high priorities.The Sebi chief emphasised that any further measures to strengthen commodity markets would be consultative and carefully designed. Last month, he had indicated plans to engage with the government to allow banks, insurance companies, and pension funds to invest in non-agricultural commodity derivative markets.Pandey also highlighted that Sebi is examining proposals to permit foreign portfolio investors to trade in non-cash-settled, non-agricultural commodity derivative contracts.Beyond commodities, the regulator has taken steps to deepen the corporate bond market, making it more accessible for issuers and investors. Sebi is also considering bond derivatives and encouraging the growth of municipal bonds through regulatory reforms and targeted outreach programmes.





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‘I’m not a gold buyer, but…’: JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon, long a gold skeptic, now sees ‘semi-rational’ in buying it; what he said – The Times of India

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‘I’m not a gold buyer, but…’: JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon, long a gold skeptic, now sees ‘semi-rational’ in buying it; what he said – The Times of India


Dimon expressed a measured view on gold ownership whilst acknowledging its potential value in current circumstances.

Jamie Dimon, the JPMorgan Chase & Co CEO, who is long known to be a skeptic on gold investment, has said that he now sees a ‘semi-rational’ in having the yellow metal as part of your investment portfolio.Gold prices have surged significantly, rising from under $2,000 two years ago to remarkable levels, outperforming equity markets in the 21st century. This upward trend reflects investors seeking refuge in secure assets, driven by inflationary pressures and global political tensions.

Jamie Dimon’s View on Gold

While stating that he is not a buying of gold, Dimon acknowledged that gold prices could go up to as high as $10,000! “I’m not a gold buyer — it costs 4% to own it,” Dimon said this week at Fortune’s Most Powerful Women conference in Washington. Dimon expressed a measured view on gold ownership whilst acknowledging its potential value in current circumstances.“It could easily go to $5,000, $10,000 in environments like this. This is one of the few times in my life it’s semi-rational to have some in your portfolio,” he was quoted as saying by Bloomberg.“Asset prices are kind of high,” Dimon said, and “in the back of my mind, that cuts across almost everything at this point.”Ken Griffin, the billionaire founder of Citadel, expressed concern last week about investors increasingly perceiving gold as a more stable alternative to the dollar, describing this shift as “really concerning.”Goldman Sachs has adjusted its gold price prediction for December 2026 upwards to $4,900 per ounce, an increase from the previous $4,300, attributing this change to significant Western ETF investments and anticipated central bank purchases.“We see the risks to our upgraded gold price forecast as still skewed to the upside on net, because private sector diversification into the relatively small gold market may boost ETF holdings above our rates-implied estimate,” Goldman said according to a Reuters report.HSBC has increased its projected average gold price for 2025 to $3,355 per ounce from $3,215, attributing the rise to heightened safe-haven interest amidst global political tensions, financial instability, and declining US dollar strength.“Sentiment remains bullish as rallies are expected to continue in 2026 aided by official sector buying and institutional demand for gold as a diversifier,” the bank stated in a note dated October 15.HSBC revised its gold price projection upward, setting a new average target of $3,950 for 2026, an increase from its previous estimate of $3,125.ANZ’s latest analysis predicts gold prices will reach $4,400 per ounce by end-2025, citing several factors including heightened geopolitical tensions, economic instability, financial market uncertainties, and anticipated Federal Reserve interest rate reductions.The bank expects gold valuations to achieve their highest point around $4,600 per ounce in June 2026, before trending downward in the latter half of 2026, coinciding with the end of the Federal Reserve’s easing programme and increased certainty regarding US economic expansion and trade policy directions.





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Digital gold vs jewellery: Experts weigh in on costs, safety & returns; what you need to know – The Times of India

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Digital gold vs jewellery: Experts weigh in on costs, safety & returns; what you need to know – The Times of India


As Diwali and Dhanteras approach, gold continues to remain a preferred investment and a symbol of tradition in India. While most consumers buy gold in the form of jewellery, coins, and bars during the festive season, digital gold has been attracting attention from investors seeking convenience and systematic wealth accumulation.Digital gold allows investors to benefit from rising gold prices without holding the metal physically. Unlike jewellery, it does not carry making charges and can be purchased online with investments starting as low as Rs 10. The metal is stored in secured vaults, protecting buyers from theft, damage, or the hassles of safe storage, according to an ET report.“Digital gold feels cheaper because you can start small, even with Rs 10. But add platform spreads and GST, and the total cost often comes close to buying physical coins. The real value is convenience. For serious investors, however, Gold ETFs are a smarter alternative as they are regulated by SEBI,” said Trivesh D, COO, Tradejini.Physical gold, on the other hand, retains its charm with lustre and wearability, and its price appreciates over time. Experts, however, point out that it quietly eats into returns due to GST, making charges, and annual locker fees. “Digital gold also has costs: 3% GST and usually a fee as small as 0.3–0.4% annual fee after five years, which varies, but it is transparent and predictable. Over time, digital gold and gold ETFs often cost less unless you are buying large, high-purity coins or bars directly from trusted mints,” Trivesh added, ET quoted.When physical gold makes senseFor large investments exceeding Rs 2–3 lakh, physical gold, especially coins or bars, may be more cost-effective, factoring in per-gram platform costs of digital gold over time, said Prithviraj Kothari, Managing Director at RiddiSiddhi Bullions Ltd. and President of India Bullion and Jewellers Association Ltd. “Investors get to have the physical gold while avoiding prolonged storage fees imposed by digital options after five years. For smaller ticket sizes or systematic accumulation (Rs 100–Rs 10,000), digital gold is a great option because of fractional buying and instant liquidity,” he added.Digital gold also offers unmatched liquidity, allowing investors to buy or sell 24×7 at market-linked rates via trusted apps. “Physical gold, though tangible, involves valuation deductions, purity checks, and buyback delays. The ability to instantly redeem digital gold into cash or physical coins, often linked via UPI, has made it a preferred choice among younger and tech-savvy investors seeking flexibility,” said Aksha Kamboj, Vice President, India Bullion & Jewellers Association (IBJA) and Executive Chairperson, Aspect Global Ventures.Security is another advantage. Digital gold is stored in insured, bank-grade vaults audited by independent trustees. “You do not have to worry about theft, damage, or locker keys. Physical gold, even in a locker, carries some risk and an annual rent without full-value insurance. However, platform credibility is crucial,” said Trivesh. Reputable platforms use a custodian model to safeguard ownership even if the provider goes out of business, noted Vijay Kuppa, CEO, InCred Money.Investors can also gradually accumulate wealth through digital gold SIPs. “With the option to start from as little as Rs 10, investors can accumulate gold consistently through automated purchase plans offered by fintech platforms. Given gold’s steady appreciation in 2025, digital gold SIPs are emerging as a convenient and smart long-term savings tool,” said Aksha. Vijay added, “Digital gold perfectly supports the Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) model. Investors can set up recurring, small purchases at daily or monthly intervals. Even such a small SIP can eventually lead to an important step in generating wealth.”Over a five- to ten-year horizon, both physical and digital gold track similar price trajectories, but digital gold may deliver slightly better post-tax returns due to negligible storage costs, absence of making charges, and ease of portfolio rebalancing. “With gold prices rising rapidly in 2025 amid global uncertainty, systematic accumulation through digital platforms ensures efficiency and tax parity while avoiding the expenses associated with holding physical gold,” Aksha said.

(Disclaimer: Recommendations and views on the stock market and other asset classes given by experts are their own. These opinions do not represent the views of The Times of India)





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