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China’s new controls on rare earths create challenges for the West’s plans for green tech

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China’s new controls on rare earths create challenges for the West’s plans for green tech


Credit: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain

China recently announced that it was putting new controls on the export of rare earth elements, sparking a new round in the country’s ongoing trade war with the US.

Donald Trump responded by threatening to ramp up tariffs on Chinese goods by a further 100%. This will all be under discussion when China’s president Xi Jinping and Trump meet on October 30 at the Asia Pacific Economic Conference in South Korea.

China has built an effective monopoly over rare earth metals, the 17 metallic elements that are not actually rare but are very difficult to mine and process. Most (EVs), smartphones or depend on these rare earths.

China mines 70% and refines 92% of these increasingly important metals, and manufactures 98% of the world’s rare earth magnets used in EVs, electronics, medical devices and other . In recent years, these essential minerals have become a crucial part of China’s economic agenda as it tries to focus on “high quality development” in advanced and

The recent announcement from Beijing has raised concerns about global access to these essential minerals. If the supply of rare earths available to the outside world diminishes, the cost of manufacturing green tech would rise and drive up prices worldwide. If there is anything that would stall the development of the green economy, this could be it.

In response to the announcement, Trump initially suggested he might cancel an upcoming meeting with Chinese president Xi. However, the meeting now looks set to go ahead, and access to is likely to be high on the agenda.

Trump had also announced that he was considering a ban on exports to China of all products made with US software such as laptops and jet engines, and industrial equipment. This might reduce Beijing’s ability to design essential components for AI chips, hampering its bid for dominance in clean tech.

Prior to Trump’s latest threats, electric vehicles coming from China had already been hit by a 100% US tariff, while import duties for and lithium batteries stood at 50% and 25% respectively.

But the result might have surprised Trump. As US-made goods are exempt from tariffs from paying tariffs, Chinese firms have set up production sites in the US to circumvent Trump’s tariffs. Instead of helping domestic US companies, Trump’s policies have done the opposite.






The battle to gain access to rare earth minerals is important to developing more green tech.

For instance, the solar manufacturing capacity of Chinese firms based in the US has grown so large that it now accounts for 39% of all solar panel energy output in the country versus only 24% from US firms.

But even if Chinese clean tech sales in US were severely affected by the tariffs, most of China’s green tech is heading elsewhere.

Based on my estimations using data from the energy thinktank Ember, Chinese green tech exports globally in 2024 were valued at US$184.06 billion (£139 billion), while total exports to the US stood at US$20.66 billion. The US market accounted for only 11.2% of the total proportion of total Chinese green tech exports, while that number from January to September 2025 has dipped to 7.8%.

Compared to the EU (29.95%) and Asian market (27.97%) in 2024, the US market appears relatively small. So higher tariffs would harm China’s economy, but the damage may not be as substantial as Trump might imagine. However, the EU’s plans to meet climate targets is massively dependent on these Chinese exports.

Problems for Beijing?

The US has already put restrictions on which technologies China can buy from the US. China can still manufacture electric vehicles, solar panels and without US software. But without the most advanced technologies from the US, Chinese firms will have fewer options.

While there are indications that the tech gap between Washington and Beijing may be shrinking, the US still possesses some of the most advanced technologies that are crucial for green tech development. These include advanced semiconductors, which are needed to make AI chips.

Such components and machinery are essential to China’s claim to green leadership since they allow users to automate EVs, solar panels and wind turbines, while ensuring their efficiency and optimizing energy use. Simply put, without the best semiconductors and the AI chips, China won’t be able to create world-leading clean tech.

China may have metals but without US chips and software, its green economic momentum might stall—at least until China’s semiconductor and AI tech catches up with the US. Chinese economic progress and its green leadership may be dependent on gaining better trade deals, even if it does still have a massive advantage.

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China’s new controls on rare earths create challenges for the West’s plans for green tech (2025, October 30)
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Universal Music and AI song tool Udio settle lawsuit and partner on new platform, sparking backlash

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Universal Music and AI song tool Udio settle lawsuit and partner on new platform, sparking backlash


Taylor Swift arrives at the 67th annual Grammy Awards on Feb. 2, 2025, in Los Angeles. Credit: Jordan Strauss/Invision/AP, File

Universal Music Group and AI song generation platform Udio have settled a copyright infringement lawsuit and agreed to team up on new music creation and streaming platform, the two companies said in a joint announcement.

Universal and Udio said Wednesday that they reached a “compensatory legal settlement” as well as new licensing agreements for recorded music and publishing that will “provide further revenue opportunities” for the record label’s artists and songwriters.

As part of the deal, Udio immediately stopped allowing people to download songs they’ve created, which sparked a backlash and apparent exodus among paying users.

The deal is the first since Universal, along with Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Records, sued Udio and another AI song generator, Suno, last year over copyright infringement.

“These new agreements with Udio demonstrate our commitment to do what’s right by our artists and songwriters, whether that means embracing new technologies, developing new business models, diversifying revenue streams or beyond,” Universal CEO Lucian Grainge said.

Financial terms of the settlement weren’t disclosed.

Universal announced another AI deal on Thursday, saying it was teaming up with Stability AI to develop “next-generation professional music creation tools.”

Universal Music and AI song tool Udio settle lawsuit and partner on new platform, sparking backlash
Kendrick Lamar performs during halftime of the NFL Super Bowl 59 football game between the Kansas City Chiefs and the Philadelphia Eagles in New Orleans, Feb. 9, 2025. Credit: AP Photo/Matt Slocum, File

Udio and Suno pioneered AI song generation technology, which can spit out new songs based on prompts typed into a chatbot-style text box. Users, who don’t need musical talent, can merely request a tune in the style of, for example, classic rock, 1980s synth-pop or West Coast rap.

Udio and Universal, which counts Taylor Swift, Olivia Rodrigo, Drake, and Kendrick Lamar among its artists, said the new AI subscription service will debut next year.

Udio CEO Andrew Sanchez said in a blog post that people will be able to use it to remix their favorite songs or mashup different tunes or song styles. Artists will be able to give permission for how their music can be used, he said.

However, “downloads from the platform will be unavailable,” he said.

AI songs made on Udio will be “controlled within a walled garden” as part of the transition to the new service, the two companies said in their joint announcement.

The move angered Udio’s users, according to posts on Reddit’s Udio forum, where they vented about feeling betrayed by the platform’s surprise move and complained that it limited what they could do with their music.

Universal Music and AI song tool Udio settle lawsuit and partner on new platform, sparking backlash
Olivia Rodrigo performs during the Glastonbury Festival in Worthy Farm, Somerset, England, on June 29, 2025. Credit: Scott A Garfitt/Invision/AP, File

One user accused Universal of taking away “our democratic download freedoms.” Another said “Udio can never be trusted again.”

Many vowed to cancel their subscriptions for Udio, which has a free level as well as premium plans that come with more features.

The deal shows how the rise of AI song generation tools like Udio has disrupted the $20 billion music streaming industry. Record labels accuse the platforms of exploiting the recorded works of artists without compensating them.

The tools have fueled debate over AI’s role in music while raising fears about “AI slop”—automatically generated, low quality mass produced content—highlighted by the rise of fictitious bands passing for real artists.

In its lawsuit filed against Udio last year, Universal alleged that specific AI-generated songs made on Udio closely resembled Universal-owned classics like Frank Sinatra’s “My Way,” The Temptations’ “My Girl” and holiday favorites like “Rockin’ Around the Christmas Tree” and “Jingle Bell Rock.”

In the “My Girl” example, a written prompt on Udio that asked for “my tempting 1964 girl smokey sing hitsville soul pop” generated a song with a “very similar melody, the same chords, and very similar backing vocals” as the hit song co-written by Smokey Robinson and recorded by The Temptations in 1964, according to the lawsuit. A link to the AI-generated song on Udio now says “Track not found.”

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Universal Music and AI song tool Udio settle lawsuit and partner on new platform, sparking backlash (2025, October 30)
retrieved 30 October 2025
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Our Favorite Cordless Stick Vacuum Is Marked Down $50

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Our Favorite Cordless Stick Vacuum Is Marked Down


Tired of pet hair and dust in the hard-to-reach spots of your home? Our favorite pick for cordless stick vacuums, the Bissell PowerClean FurFinder, is marked down to just $180 at Amazon. That matches the best price yet for this lightweight and capable stick vacuum, the same discount as Prime Day earlier this year. It even stands up on its own when not in use, truly blurring the line between stick and upright vacuums.

  • Photograph: Nena Farrell

  • Photograph: Nena Farrell

  • Courtesy of Bissell

Bissell

PowerClean FurFinder

Just because it’s a small cordless vacuum, doesn’t mean it lacks power. The 200W motor inside does an excellent job of catching dirt, dust, and of course pet hair. If the last one in particular is a problem for you, you’re in luck, as the namesake FurFinder tool is designed specifically to pull pet hair from upholstery and fabric. Our reviewer Nena Farrell used it to remove hair from her cat tree, a notoriously tough task, and said it “left the upholstery looking new.” The HEPA filter should also help keep the spread of any pet bits in the air to a minimum.

As a stick vacuum, the FurFinder will often be tasked with getting into tight spaces and under cabinets and furniture. Thankfully, it’s equipped with a generously sized headlight that will let you spot dust bunnies even in the darkest corners of your living room. It’s still up to bigger tasks though, with a claimed 40 minutes of run-time on low, and a total of three power levels for those tougher jobs. This bundle includes a charging dock, too, so you don’t have to hunt around for a special cable, or remember to charge individual batteries, plus a crevice tool for getting in between your couch cushions, and a brush tool for bigger messes.

If you’re curious about the rest of our favorite vacuums, or you don’t have a furry loved one in your life, make sure to swing by our buying guide. This is a great option for pet owners, in particular if you’re like me and let your dog onto any piece of furniture in the house, and for the price, it could act as a second vacuum just for that purpose.



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Battery-equipped kitchen stove makes it easy to switch from gas to electric

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Battery-equipped kitchen stove makes it easy to switch from gas to electric


“We’re making ‘going electric’ like an appliance swap instead of a construction project,” says founder Sam Calisch. Pictured is an example of Copper’s battery-equipped kitchen range. Credit: Copper

As batteries have gotten cheaper and more powerful, they have enabled the electrification of everything from vehicles to lawn equipment, power tools, and scooters. But electrifying homes has been a slower process. That’s because switching from gas appliances often requires ripping out drywall, running new wires, and upgrading the electrical box.

Now the startup Copper, founded by Sam Calisch SM ’14, Ph.D. ’19, has developed a battery-equipped kitchen range that can plug into a standard 120-volt wall outlet. The induction range features a lithium iron phosphate battery that charges when energy is cheapest and cleanest, then delivers power when you’re ready to cook.

“We’re making ‘going electric’ like an appliance swap instead of a construction project,” says Calisch. “If you have a gas stove today, there is almost certainly an outlet within reach because the stove has an oven light, clock, or electric igniters. That’s big if you’re in a single-family home, but in apartments it’s an existential factor. Rewiring a 100-unit apartment building is such an expensive proposition that basically no one’s doing it.”

Copper has shipped about 1,000 of its battery-powered ranges to date, often to developers and owners of large apartment complexes. The company also has an agreement with the New York City Housing Authority for at least 10,000 units.

Once installed, the ranges can contribute to a distributed, cleaner, and more resilient energy network. In fact, Copper recently piloted a program in California to offer cheap, clean power to the grid from its home batteries when it would otherwise need to fire up a gas-powered plant to meet spiking electricity demand.

“After these appliances are installed, they become a grid asset,” Calisch says. “We can manage the fleet of batteries to help provide firm power and help grids deliver more clean electricity. We use that revenue, in turn, to further drive down the cost of electrification.”

Finding a mission

Calisch has been working on climate technologies his entire career. It all started at the clean technology incubator Otherlab that was founded by Saul Griffith SM ’01, Ph.D. ’04.

“That’s where I caught the bug for technology and for climate impact,” Calisch says. “But I realized I needed to up my game, so I went to grad school in [MIT Professor] Neil Gershenfeld’s lab, the Center for Bits and Atoms. I got to dabble in , , , mathematical modeling, all with the lens of building and iterating quickly.”

Calisch stayed at MIT for his Ph.D., where he worked on approaches in manufacturing that used fewer materials and less energy. After finishing his Ph.D. in 2019, Calisch helped start a nonprofit called Rewiring America focused on advocating for electrification. Through that work, he collaborated with U.S. Senate offices on the Inflation Reduction Act.

The cost of lithium-ion batteries has decreased by about 97% since their commercial debut in 1991. As more products have gone electric, the manufacturing process for everything from phones to drones, robots, and has converged around an electric tech stack of batteries, electric motors, power electronics, and chips. The countries that master the electric tech stack will be at a distinct manufacturing advantage.

Calisch started Copper to boost the supply chain for batteries while contributing to the electrification movement.

“Appliances can help deploy batteries, and batteries help deploy appliances,” Calisch says. “Appliances can also drive down the installed cost of batteries.”

The company is starting with the kitchen range because its peak power draw is among the highest in the home. Flattening that peak brings big benefits. Ranges are also meaningful: It’s where people gather around and cook each night. People take pride in their kitchen ranges more than, say, a water heater.

Copper’s 30-inch induction range heats up more quickly and reaches more precise temperatures than its gas counterpart. Installing it is as easy as swapping a fridge or dishwasher. Thanks to its 5-kilowatt-hour battery, the range even works when the power goes out.

“Batteries have become 10 times cheaper and are now both affordable and create tangible improvements in quality of life,” Calisch says. “It’s a new notion of climate impact that isn’t about turning down thermostats and suffering for the planet, it’s about adopting new technologies that are better.”

Scaling impact

Calisch says there’s no way for the U.S. to maintain resilient energy systems in the future without a lot of batteries. Because of power transmission and regulatory limitations, those batteries can’t all be located out on the grid.

“We see an analog to the internet,” Calisch says. “In order to deliver millions of times more information across the internet, we didn’t add millions of times more wires. We added local storage and caching across the network. That’s what increased throughput. We’re doing the same thing for the electric grid.”

This summer, Copper raised $28 million to scale its production to meet growing demand for its battery-equipped appliances. Copper is also working to license its technology to other appliance manufacturers to help speed the electric transition.

“These electric technologies have the potential to improve people’s lives and, as a byproduct, take us off of fossil fuels,” Calisch says. “We’re in the business of identifying points of friction for that transition. We are not an appliance company; we’re an energy company.”

Looking back, Calisch credits MIT with equipping him with the knowledge needed to run a technical business.

“My time at MIT gave me hands-on experience with a variety of engineering systems,” Calisch. “I can talk to our embedded engineering team or electrical engineering team or mechanical engineering team and understand what they’re saying. That’s been enormously useful for running a company.”

He adds, “I also developed an expansive view of infrastructure at MIT, which has been instrumental in launching Copper and thinking about the electrical grid not just as wires on the street, but all of the loads in our buildings. It’s about making homes not just consumers of electricity, but participants in this broader network.”

This story is republished courtesy of MIT News (web.mit.edu/newsoffice/), a popular site that covers news about MIT research, innovation and teaching.

Citation:
Battery-equipped kitchen stove makes it easy to switch from gas to electric (2025, October 30)
retrieved 30 October 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-10-battery-equipped-kitchen-stove-easy.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.





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