Business
Tribunal upholds decision in LDI case | The Express Tribune
ISLAMABAD:
The Competition Appellate Tribunal has upheld the Competition Commission of Pakistan’s (CCP) decision to penalise Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) and other Long Distance International (LDI) operators for entering into an anti-competitive International Clearing House (ICH) agreement. These companies have been directed to deposit the fine within 30 days.
The total turnover of PTCL and other LDI operators amounts to Rs11 billion and they have been directed to deposit 2% of the turnover within a month.
While upholding the CCP’s findings, the tribunal reduced the penalty from 7.5% to 2% of the turnover generated from ICH-related activity. It said that if the operators failed to deposit the penalty within 30 days, it would automatically reinstate the original 7.5% fine.
The ICH agreement, signed in 2012, routed all incoming international calls through a single gateway operated by PTCL as the head of LDI consortium. All other LDI operators assigned their termination rights to the consortium, and traffic and revenues were shared on a quota basis rather than through competition.
The arrangement fixed termination rates at around 8.8 US cents per minute, up from about 2 cents earlier, effectively eliminating competition and reducing consumer choice.
Data from the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) showed that the incoming call volume dropped 70%, from 1.9 billion minutes in September 2012 to 579 million minutes in February 2013. Despite the sharp decline in traffic, the LDI operators’ revenue surged 308%.
In April 2013, the CCP declared the ICH a cartel arrangement involving price fixing and market sharing. It imposed penalties of 7.5% of the annual turnover (approximately Rs11 billion) on each LDI operator and directed the PTA to restore competition to pre-ICH levels. The ICH policy was subsequently withdrawn in June 2014.
During proceedings, the LDI operators claimed they entered into the ICH agreement on directives from the Ministry of Information Technology (MOIT) and the PTA, arguing that non-compliance would have risked the loss of their licences. However, the tribunal found no genuine state compulsion and ruled that records showed that the LDI operators had lobbied themselves for the ICH policy.
The MOIT had no authority under the Telecom Act, 1996 to issue directives to the operators and its powers were limited to issuing policy directives to the PTA.
The tribunal noted that even if the directives had been given, the operators were fully aware that the ICH violated competition laws, as evidenced by their earlier application for exemption under Section 5 of the Competition Act. The agreement, it held, restricted competition, prevented new entrants and clearly fell within the CCP jurisdiction.
The ruling reaffirmed that the Competition Act, 2010 applies to all undertakings, including the regulators and government bodies. The tribunal stated that even the PTA could be held liable, if found guilty of restricting or reducing competition.
PTCL had argued that the CCP should have conducted an inquiry before issuing a show-cause notice. The tribunal rejected this, saying that an inquiry is not necessary in every case, particularly where facts are admitted. The LDI operators had already acknowledged the existence of the ICH agreement, which was the root cause of the violation.
Business
UAE stock markets close, trading halted by Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and the Dubai Financial Market for two days amid Iran–US–Israel war fallout – The Times of India
In an unprecedented economic response to escalating regional conflict, the United Arab Emirates has announced that its two major financial markets, the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) and the Dubai Financial Market (DFM), will remain closed on Monday, March 2 and Tuesday, March 3, 2026. The decision comes as the UAE reels from a series of retaliatory Iranian strikes following coordinated US and Israeli military actions against Iran, which have destabilised Gulf business sentiment and prompted sweeping security and economic precautions.The UAE Capital Markets Authority said that keeping the exchanges closed temporarily is part of its supervisory and regulatory mandate, providing authorities and market participants time to assess the impact of recent events on financial infrastructure and investor confidence. The halt affects equities, derivatives and trading in hundreds of billions of dollars in listed assets and is among the clearest signs yet of economic shockwaves from the regional crisis.
Why UAE stock markets are paused: Regional conflict among Iran–US–Israel disrupts confidence
The closures follow Iran’s retaliatory missile and drone strikes on Gulf cities and strategic targets, including airports and other infrastructure, after a joint US–Israel offensive. These attacks have not only led to safety measures such as airspace restrictions and travel advisories but also triggered widespread business disruption across the Gulf. Major airports in Dubai and Abu Dhabi have seen operations halted or altered and commercial hubs from ports to retail centres have felt the strain.
UAE Markets Shut Down: Is This Economic Capitulation to Regional War?
Financial markets are typically among the first economic indicators affected by geopolitical instability. When investors fear prolonged unrest, they often pull funds from equities and seek so-called “safe-haven” assets like gold, sovereign debt or commodities such as oil, especially when conflict threatens critical energy supply corridors like the Strait of Hormuz.
Regional market turmoil and knock-on effects in the Middle East amid Iran–US–Israel clashes
While the UAE exchanges are closed, other Gulf markets that remained open on Sunday experienced significant sell-offs as investors reacted to the turmoil:
- Saudi Arabia’s benchmark index saw sharp drops before partially recovering as investors weighed conflict risks against energy price gains.
- Muscat and other regional bourses also slid, reflecting broader risk-off sentiment.
- In Kuwait, authorities took the rare step of suspending trading indefinitely due to “exceptional circumstances” linked to the same regional tensions.
Financial markets are serving as a barometer of risk and economic confidence and the dramatic moves across the Gulf underscore how intertwined political stability is with economic performance in the region.
What the UAE’s stock market closure means for investors
For both domestic and international investors, the temporary shutdown of ADX and DFM has several implications. Liquidity and price discovery are paused, leaving billions of dollars in listed assets in limbo. Risk premiums on Gulf assets may rise, as traders reassess exposure during periods of heightened uncertainty. Investor sentiment is likely to remain fragile until there are visible signs of de-escalation or credible diplomatic resolutions.Economists note that halting trading does not eliminate market pressure, it simply delays it and when markets do reopen, there may be sharp moves as investors recalibrate positions based on new geopolitical and economic realities. The conflict has not just shaken stock markets, energy markets have also reacted. Reports from analysts indicate that crude oil prices have surged as fears of supply disruptions increase, with the Strait of Hormuz, a crucial passage for roughly 20% of global oil exports, under theoretical threat of closure.
UAE Stock Markets Closed: What Does This Mean for Global Investors Amidst Escalating Conflict?
Higher oil prices can partially offset stock market pain in energy-exporting economies like the UAE but the overall economic impact remains complex. Other sectors, from tourism and hospitality to trade and logistics, have also felt immediate fallout: airport shutdowns have stranded travellers and corporate events and networking key to Ramadan business cycles have been postponed, compounding uncertainty.
UAE government messaging and future prospects
UAE authorities have stressed that public and economic safety remain top priorities. The temporary market closure is coupled with broad advisories across transportation, education and public services, such as airports issuing travel advisories and schools moving to remote learning, aimed at ensuring operational stability while the situation evolves. Officials have pledged to monitor conditions closely and communicate updates on any further market action. This includes potential rescheduling of reopening dates for ADX and DFM or additional measures to support investors once trading resumes.The UAE Capital Markets Authority ordered a two-day closure of the Abu Dhabi and Dubai stock markets on March 2–3, 2026, in response to escalating regional tensions. The pause follows retaliatory strikes by Iran after US and Israeli military action, which have disrupted markets, air travel and business operations across the Gulf. Gulf markets that remained open experienced sharp declines and volatility, reflecting investor risk aversion. Oil prices and safe-haven assets have climbed as geopolitical risk fuels global economic uncertainty. Authorities will continue to assess and communicate market developments as conditions evolve.
Business
Flights cancelled as new travel warnings issued after US-Israeli strikes on Iran
BA and Virgin Atlantic are among major airlines to ground services to the Middle East in light of the attacks.
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Business
Two ships hit near Strait of Hormuz as fears grow of oil price rises
International shipping is said to have come to a standstill at the strait’s entrance, with fears of disruption already pushing up global oil prices.
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