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Artificial neuron merges DRAM with MoS₂ circuits to better emulate brain-like adaptability

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Artificial neuron merges DRAM with MoS₂ circuits to better emulate brain-like adaptability


Versatile neuron module design. Credit: Nature Electronics (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41928-025-01433-y

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning systems has increased the demand for new hardware components that could speed up data analysis while consuming less power. As machine learning algorithms draw inspiration from biological neural networks, some engineers have been working on hardware that also mimics the architecture and functioning of the human brain.

Brain-inspired, or neuromorphic, hardware typically integrates components that mimic the functioning of brain cells, which are thus referred to as . Artificial neurons are connected to one another, with their connections weakening or strengthening over time.

This process resembles , the ability of the brain to adapt over time in response to experience and learning. By emulating synaptic plasticity, neuromorphic computing systems could run machine learning algorithms more efficiently, consuming less energy when analyzing large amounts of data and making predictions.

Researchers at Fudan University have recently developed a device based on the ultrathin semiconductor monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) that could emulate the adaptability of biological neurons better than other artificial neurons introduced in the past. The new system, introduced in a paper published in Nature Electronics, combines a type of computer memory known as dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) with MoS₂-based circuits.

“Neuromorphic hardware that accurately simulates diverse neuronal behaviors could be of use in the development of edge intelligence,” Yin Wang, Saifei Gou and their colleagues wrote in their paper.

“Hardware that incorporates synaptic plasticity—adaptive changes that strengthen or weaken synaptic connections—has been explored, but mimicking the full spectrum of learning and memory processes requires the interplay of multiple plasticity mechanisms, including intrinsic plasticity. We show that an integrate-and-fire neuron can be created by combining a dynamic random-access memory and an inverter that are based on wafer-scale monolayer molybdenum disulfide films.”







The evolution of the output spike during the learning process. Credit: Nature Electronics (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41928-025-01433-y

The artificial neuron developed by the researchers has two key components: a DRAM system and an inverter circuit. DRAMs are memory systems that can store electrical charges in structures known as capacitors. The amount of electrical charge in the capacitors can be modulated to mimic variations in the electrical charge across the membrane of biological neurons, which ultimately determine whether they will fire or not.

An inverter, on the other hand, is an that can flip an input signal from high voltage to low voltage or vice versa. In the team’s artificial neuron, this circuit enables the generation of bursts of electricity resembling those observed in biological neurons when they fire.

“In the system, the voltage in the dynamic random-access memory capacitor—that is, the neuronal membrane potential—can be modulated to emulate intrinsic plasticity,” wrote the authors. “The module can also emulate the photopic and scotopic adaptation of the human visual system by dynamically adjusting its light sensitivity.”

To assess the potential of the artificial neuron they created, the researchers fabricated a few and assembled them into a 3 × 3 grid. They then tested the ability of this 3×3 neuron array to adapt its responses to inputs based on changes in light, mimicking how the human visual system adapts in different lighting conditions. Finally, they used their system to run a model for image recognition and assessed its performance.

“We fabricate a 3 × 3 photoreceptor neuron array and demonstrate light coding and visual adaptation,” wrote the authors. “We also use the neuron module to simulate a bioinspired neural network model for image recognition.”

The artificial neuron developed by Wang, Gou and their colleagues has proved to be very promising so far, particularly for the energy-efficient implementation of computer vision and image recognition models. In the future, the researchers could fabricate other bio-inspired computing systems based on the newly developed device and test their performance on other computational tasks.

Written for you by our author Ingrid Fadelli, edited by Gaby Clark, and fact-checked and reviewed by Robert Egan—this article is the result of careful human work. We rely on readers like you to keep independent science journalism alive.
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More information:
Yin Wang et al, A biologically inspired artificial neuron with intrinsic plasticity based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide, Nature Electronics (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41928-025-01433-y.

© 2025 Science X Network

Citation:
Artificial neuron merges DRAM with MoS₂ circuits to better emulate brain-like adaptability (2025, August 30)
retrieved 30 August 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-08-artificial-neuron-merges-dram-mos.html

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Save 20% With These LegalZoom Promo Codes and Deals

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Save 20% With These LegalZoom Promo Codes and Deals


LegalZoom is one of those online legal services that in most cases can handle basic legal tasks for you. I recently tried it out to make an LLC for my cosmic country band, Steel Fringe (shameless plug), and it appears to have worked just fine (we’re still waiting on a full evaluation from legal experts for a future guide to these services). If you use a LegalZoom promo code right now, you will get a discount on the service.

I found it super easy to set up my LLC, and after about $500 and 30 minutes of my time, I was off to the races with an LLC for my band. I did make the mistake of spelling my co-bandleader’s middle name as his last name (I blame his wrongly named Instagram handle for this), so I had to toss them another $129 to fix that. My bad.

Save on top services at LegalZoom, like LLC registration, incorporation, estate plans, and more with coupons and deals from WIRED below.

Get Up to 20% Off Estate Plans for a Limited Time

Umm, this is macabre, but it was apparently just National Make-A-Will Month? Because capitalism breeds invention. Don’t leave your planning for death until it’s too late. For a limited time, both new and existing LegalZoom customers can get 10% off Basic Estate Plan Bundles and 20% off Premium Estate Plan Bundles—the offer will be auto-applied and runs through September 10.

How Much Does It Cost to Set Up An LLC on LegalZoom?

If you’re in need of basic legal services like establishing an LLC, estate planning, or other contract-based services, LegalZoom offers a very simple interface that is shockingly easy to use. I am a luddite when it comes to understanding legal jargon and steps in a process like establishing my band’s LLC, but LegalZoom’s simple interface made it shockingly easy to make sure everything was in order.

The cost to properly set up an LLC in your state can range from $35 to $500, depending on various factors like local legislation and business registration laws. Most states charge between $50 and $200 for filing fees, so you can expect to pay somewhere in that range unless you’re from Montana ($35) or Massachusetts ($500). LegalZoom also shoves a bunch of options you probably don’t need in your face, so be sure to Google what you actually need in your state before paying extra money to … print all your documents and put them in a folder for you, or other such nonsense.

Make the Most of LegalZoom With Free Resources

Once you have your membership, you can take advantage of the bevy of helpful content LegalZoom provides to make sure you’re getting the most out of the money you’ve invested in the service. These articles are especially great resources that provide more information about trademarking LLCs to differences between a B and C corp.

Other Ways to Save at LegalZoom (Even Without a Coupon)

If you’re looking for a good deal on other services, LegalZoom frequently offers seasonal promotions, and nearly always celebrates Black Friday, Cyber Monday, and the New Year with discounts for legal eagles.

If you have many or ongoing needs, you can choose an annual plan with LegalZoom where it will do all of your required legal filings, often offering lower monthly rates than paying month to month. There are also installment plan options for products priced at $200 or more, if you really need something done but can’t quite afford it right now.



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Automated Sextortion Spyware Takes Webcam Pics of Victims Watching Porn

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Automated Sextortion Spyware Takes Webcam Pics of Victims Watching Porn


Sextortion-based hacking, which hijacks a victim’s webcam or blackmails them with nudes they’re tricked or coerced into sharing, has long represented one of the most disturbing forms of cybercrime. Now one specimen of widely available spyware has turned that relatively manual crime into an automated feature, detecting when the user is browsing pornography on their PC, screenshotting it, and taking a candid photo of the victim through their webcam.

On Wednesday, researchers at security firm Proofpoint published their analysis of an open-source variant of “infostealer” malware known as Stealerium that the company has seen used in multiple cybercriminal campaigns since May of this year. The malware, like all infostealers, is designed to infect a target’s computer and automatically send a hacker a wide variety of stolen sensitive data, including banking information, usernames and passwords, and keys to victims’ crypto wallets. Stealerium, however, adds another, more humiliating form of espionage: It also monitors the victim’s browser for web addresses that include certain NSFW keywords, screenshots browser tabs that include those words, photographs the victim via their webcam while they’re watching those porn pages, and sends all the images to a hacker—who can then blackmail the victim with the threat of releasing them.

“When it comes to infostealers, they typically are looking for whatever they can grab,” says Selena Larson, one of the Proofpoint researchers who worked on the company’s analysis. “This adds another layer of privacy invasion and sensitive information that you definitely wouldn’t want in the hands of a particular hacker.”

“It’s gross,” Larson adds. “I hate it.”

Proofpoint dug into the features of Stealerium after finding the malware in tens of thousands of emails sent by two different hacker groups it tracks (both relatively small-scale cybercriminal operations), as well as a number of other email-based hacking campaigns. Stealerium, strangely, is distributed as a free, open source tool available on Github. The malware’s developer, who goes by the named witchfindertr and describes themselves as a “malware analyst” based in London, notes on the page that the program is for “educational purposes only.”

“How you use this program is your responsibility,” the page reads. “I will not be held accountable for any illegal activities. Nor do i give a shit how u use it.”

In the hacking campaigns Proofpoint analyzed, cybercriminals attempted to trick users into downloading and installing Stealerium as an attachment or a web link, luring victims with typical bait like a fake payment or invoice. The emails targeted victims inside companies in the hospitality industry, as well as in education and finance, though Proofpoint notes that users outside of companies were also likely targeted but wouldn’t be seen by its monitoring tools.

Once it’s installed, Stealerium is designed to steal a wide variety of data and send it to the hacker via services like Telegram, Discord, or the SMTP protocol in some variants of the spyware, all of which is relatively standard in infostealers. The researchers were more surprised to see the automated sextortion feature, which monitors browser URLs a list of pornography-related terms such as “sex” and “porn,” which can be customized by the hacker and trigger simultaneous image captures from the user’s webcam and browser. Proofpoint notes that it hasn’t identified any specific victims of that sextortion function, but the existence of the feature suggests it was likely used.



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Super-sensitive sensor detects tiny hydrogen leaks in seconds for safer energy use

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Super-sensitive sensor detects tiny hydrogen leaks in seconds for safer energy use


Zeng’s lab creates sensors that help protect the health of people and the environment. Credit: Yvonne Groner

Researchers at the University of Missouri are working to make hydrogen energy as safe as possible. As more countries and industries invest heavily in cleaner, renewable energy, hydrogen-powered factories and vehicles are gaining in popularity. But hydrogen fuel comes with risks—leaks can lead to explosions, accidents and environmental harm. Most hydrogen-detecting sensors on the market are expensive, can’t operate continuously and aren’t sensitive enough to detect tiny leaks quickly.

That’s why researcher Xiangqun Zeng and her team in the College of Engineering set out to design the ideal hydrogen sensor, focusing on six traits: sensitivity, selectivity, speed, stability, size and cost.

In a recent study published in the journal ACS Sensors, they unveiled a prototype of an affordable, longer-lasting, super-sensitive sensor that can accurately detect even the tiniest hydrogen leaks within seconds. The best part? It’s incredibly small, measuring about the size of a fingernail.

Zeng created her sensor by mixing tiny crystals made of platinum and nickel with . Compared to what’s already on the market, the new sensor is unmatched in performance and durability.

Mizzou at the forefront of using hydrogen energy safely
Zeng’s sensors are both highly sensitive and selective. Credit: Yvonne Groner

“Hydrogen can be tricky to detect since you can’t see it, smell it or taste it,” said Zeng, a MizzouForward hire who creates sensors to protect the health of people and the environment. “In general, our goal is to create sensors that are smaller, more affordable, highly sensitive and work continuously in real time.”

While her new hydrogen sensor is still being tested in the lab, Zeng hopes to commercialize it by 2027. Mizzou is committed to furthering this impactful research, as prioritizing renewable energy will be a cornerstone of the new Energy Innovation Center, expected to open on Mizzou’s campus in 2028.

Creating improved sensors with broad applications in health care, energy and the environment has been Zeng’s mission throughout her career.

“My expertise is in developing next-generation measurement technology, and for more than 30 years, I have prioritized projects that can make the biggest impacts on society,” said Zeng, who also has an appointment in the College of Arts and Science. “If we are going to develop sensors that can detect explosive gases, it needs to be done in real time so we can help people stay as safe as possible.”

More information:
Xiaojun Liu et al, PtNi Nanocrystal–Ionic Liquid Interfaces: An Innovative Platform for High-Performance and Reliable H2 Detection, ACS Sensors (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03564

Citation:
Super-sensitive sensor detects tiny hydrogen leaks in seconds for safer energy use (2025, September 3)
retrieved 3 September 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-09-super-sensitive-sensor-tiny-hydrogen.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.





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