Electric cargo (e-cargo) bikes can replace many car journeys, from school runs to shopping trips and family outings, according to new research. They also have the potential to shift how families and communities perceive cycling, making it a more practical and inclusive everyday option.

The research shows that e-cargo bikes can do many of the jobs we rely on cars for, while also bringing the social benefits of cycling. The research is also helping to normalize cycling and change views in places where cycling doesn’t always have a positive image.

Researchers analyzed the experiences of 49 households who trialed e-cargo bikes as part of a loan scheme in British suburbs. The study included researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Brighton and University of Leeds University of Oxford.

New social norms

Published in the journal Geoforum, the study found that e-cargo bikes are not only practical alternatives to cars for some but also foster new social norms and cultural identities around family, community and sustainable travel.

They showed that e-cargo bikes offer a hybrid experience for users, allowing interaction between riders and passengers, somewhat vehicle-like, while still connecting users to their local surroundings.

Key findings of the study include the following:

• Everyday practicality: Study participants used e-cargo bikes for lots of reasons including school runs, food shopping and commuting, trips often seen as only possible by car. More than a technical trait, this everyday practicality encourages a cultural shift, normalizing cycling as utility activity beyond leisure or sport.

• Family mobility: Unlike conventional cycling by individuals, e-cargo bikes often involved carrying children or passengers, creating a sense of shared family travel. It enabled interactions between rider and passengers, not hugely dissimilar to traveling by car.

• Community connection: Riders reported feeling more connected to local communities compared to car use, describing e-cargo cycling as “part of the neighborhood.”

• Novel and unconventional: While most interactions were positive, some riders experienced feelings of being unconventional or out-of-place, linked to concerns over child safety.

More than a novelty

Clara Glachant of the Eindhoven University of Technology and lead author of the study, said, “This trial shows e-cargo bikes are more than a novelty. They can fit into everyday family life. Our findings suggest that e-cargo cycling may help cultivate a cycling culture both at the household level and the community level. They may reshape ideas of who belongs on the road, who is entitled to space. This could help to reduce anti-cyclist sentiment which would help active travel contribute more to sustainable transport.

“It’s also about culture: people’s habits, identities and perceptions of transport. Our research shows e-cargo bikes can help reshape these, challenging what psychologist Ian Walker has coined ‘motonormativity,’ a concept that describes society’s unconscious acceptance of car dominance and making cycling feel like a more normal, mainstream choice.”

The ELEVATE project

Professor Ian Philips of the University of Leeds, who leads the ELEctric Vehicles for Active and Digital TravEl (ELEVATE) project, said, “The ELEVATE project is about understanding who might benefit from using e-cargo bikes and other e-micromobility in what circumstances and to understand if that has a positive effect on carbon emissions, health and other important aspects of people’s lives.

“Clara’s work on the project helps us see more about how e-cargo bikes fit into daily life in terms of culture, perceptions and identities around active travel.”

Combining innovative technology

Professor Charlotte Deane, Executive Chair of Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), said, “This research shows that transforming transport sustainably means combining innovative technology with an understanding of people’s everyday choices and behaviors.

“New designs in e-cargo bikes are making them more practical and accessible, helping families replace short car trips. They can cut congestion and emissions while opening up cycling to more women and children. Through projects like ELEVATE, EPSRC is supporting innovations that have the potential to change how we travel and create healthier, more connected communities.”

Individual perceptions

The research highlights that shifting towards low-carbon transport isn’t just about infrastructure or technology but also about how people perceive themselves and cultural perceptions associated with transport modes.

The National Travel Survey data published in 2024, shows while 81% of journeys under one mile in length in 2023 were made by foot, 17% were made by car or van.

For journeys between one and five miles, 69% were made by car or van, compared to 19% by foot and 6% by bus. Between five and 10 miles, 83% of journeys were made by car or van.

More connected communities

Encouraging e-cargo bike use could help reduce urban congestion, lower emissions and create healthier, more connected communities.

The researchers add that as cycle commuting in the UK is male-dominated, e-cargo bikes may help include more women and children in utility cycling.

“We will never compromise on safety. When staffing constraints arise, the FAA will slow down air traffic at impacted airports to ensure operations remain safe,” FAA spokesperson Hannah Walden tells WIRED, adding that Transportation secretary Sean Duffy “said that air traffic controllers who report to work will be paid. Regarding reductions in force (RIFs), DOT has been clear for months: safety critical positions—including air traffic controllers—have and will continue to be exempt from any RIFs.”

In a written statement, a spokesperson for the TSA said of employees working without pay: “It’s unfortunate they have been put in this position due to political gamesmanship. Our hope is that Democrats will soon recognize the importance of opening the government.”

On Thursday, Duffy suggested on Fox Business News that controllers and other workers who don’t come to work during the shutdown would be fired. “If we have a continual small subset of controllers that don’t show up to work, and they’re the problem children … if we have some on our staff that aren’t dedicated like we need, we’re going to let them go,” said Duffy.

One air traffic controller described this week’s working conditions as “pretty much the same” but with “an undercurrent of fear that the dipshits in charge will use this as an excuse to decertify our union and take away all bargaining rights.”

Air traffic workers know that accusations of coordinated activity and sick-outs, or informal labor actions that could violate long-standing bargaining agreements with the government, are especially perilous right now, as federal officials threaten the status of public sector unions. The Trump administration suddenly ended TSA workers’ collective bargaining agreement in March, before a court preliminarily halted the move in June. Workers worry that taking an absence, even when it’s needed, could have long-term consequences for their union—and therefore, their working conditions.

The National Air Traffic Controllers Association did not respond to WIRED’s request for comment. But a pop-up on the public union’s website notes that it “does not endorse, support, or condone any federal employees participating in or endorsing a coordinated activity that negatively affects the capacity” of the National Airspace System.

Jones, the TSA agent and union leader, says his group won’t organize sick-outs. But employees may have to call out if the lack of pay means “they don’t have the means to commute into work,” he says.

“We are sick and tired of being political pawns for Washington,” adds Jones.

Apple’s latest design overhaul—aptly named Liquid Glass—has been polarizing to say the least.

Some people love it, lauding the company’s bold new approach as a step toward the future.

Others hate it, highlighting that the company’s focus on transparent surfaces and flashy visuals has caused readability and usability issues.

It’s the company’s biggest redesign since the launch of iOS 7 more than 12 years ago. From the Mac and the iPad to the iPhone and the Apple Watch, all of Apple’s mainline products have been updated with the new design.

Apple is the latest company that seems to be moving away from the purely flat and minimal design practices that have been a mainstay in the technology industry for the past decade.

Instead, it is going back to its roots a bit, incorporating elements of the real world into its interfaces.

Liquid Glass was inspired by Apple’s Vision OS, the operating system of Apple’s mixed reality headset, the Vision Pro.

Transparent surfaces and glassy icons make a lot of sense for an operating system designed to be worn on your face, says Paolo Ciuccarelli, director of the Center for Design at Northeastern University. You want to be able to see what’s in front of you after all. It’s interesting, however, that we are seeing similar design cues being implemented into nearly Apple’s full lineup of projects.

He sees it as a positive sign that the company is experimenting, adding the physicalities of the real world into its software.

“It’s good on one side that we go back to some level of materiality,” he says. “It’s a new way of addressing a universal need that we have to see our technology be a part of our world.”

It harkens a bit back to the early days of the iPhone, which relied heavily on skeuomorphic design for much of its operating system.

That’s a design language that involves creating digital interfaces that look similar to real-world objects—think of the original Notepad app literally looking like a yellow legal notepad or the Voice Memos app looking like a real-life recording setup.

It’s understandable why Apple relied so heavily on that design language for the first few iPhones, Ciuccarelli explains.

“It was a new type of phone, and they needed a way of presenting these functions,” he says. “Looking back, in a way it was a bit of a shortcut to introduce as much innovation as possible, but in a way that could be understood by people who have never seen a device like that before.”

It also made sense why the company decided to go all in on flat design several years later once the iPhone and Apple’s lineup of products became more established. It was a bold new approach that certainly got a lot of attention at the time.

Also by abandoning the constraints of skeuomorphism, the company was able to play around a bit more and create a more unified and consistent experience across its range of apps and services. The Notes app no longer looked totally different from the Voice Memos app, for example.

“People knew about [the devices], so there was no need to be realistic—to mimic something that exists in reality anymore,” he says. “We could move to another level.”

But after more than 10 years, Apple’s signature flat design had become a bit stale. At the same time, advancements in computational power have opened up the possibility for more playful and graphically intense interfaces, Ciuccarelli says.

Now with this new interface type, Apple is mixing the best of worlds—not completely abandoning some flat design elements but reintroducing playful animations meant to mimic reality. For example, the lock screen app now has a cool magnifying effect when swiped up.

“We’ve overcome some of the [technical] limitations and finally are getting interfaces designed with the potentiality of the devices but with the idea of adding elements that make them feel organic and living on their own,” he says.

Apple isn’t the only company following this trend. Microsoft is doing something similar with its Fluent Design, and so is Google with its Material 3 expressive.

“There’s a little bit of a trend there, of course,” says Ciuccarelli. “As soon as the big players start doing something, there’s going to be traction.”

Of course, Ciuccarelli says these changes shouldn’t be made haphazardly. They should be made for the benefit of the end user.

“I don’t want to see animations and interactions that don’t really enable something that wasn’t possible before,” he says.

For many Apple users, Apple hasn’t done a very good job of explaining why these changes were made. For its part, Apple says Liquid Glass “brings more focus to content and a new level of vitality.”

Apple will certainly iterate on Liquid Glass in the years to come, just like it has done with all its software in the past, he explains. It’s already scaled back the glassy and transparent look a bit from the previous betas this summer.

“It’s a new world that they are opening up,” Ciuccarelli says.

This story is republished courtesy of Northeastern Global News news.northeastern.edu.