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How do ‘AI detection’ tools actually work? And are they effective?

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How do ‘AI detection’ tools actually work? And are they effective?


Credit: JUSTIN JOSEPH from Pexels

As nearly half of all Australians say they have recently used artificial intelligence (AI) tools, knowing when and how they’re being used is becoming more important.

Consultancy firm Deloitte recently partially refunded the Australian government after a report they published had AI-generated errors in it.

A lawyer also recently faced after false AI-generated citations were discovered in a formal court document. And many universities are concerned about how their students use AI.

Amid these examples, a range of “AI detection” tools have emerged to try to address people’s need for identifying accurate, trustworthy and verified content.

But how do these tools actually work? And are they effective at spotting AI-generated material?

How do AI detectors work?

Several approaches exist, and their effectiveness can depend on which types of content are involved.

Detectors for text often try to infer AI involvement by looking for “signature” patterns in , , and the predictability of certain words or phrases being used. For example, the use of “delves” and “showcasing” has skyrocketed since AI writing tools became more available.

However the difference between AI and human patterns is getting smaller and smaller. This means signature-based tools can be highly unreliable.

Detectors for images sometimes work by analyzing embedded metadata which some AI tools add to the image file.

For example, the Content Credentials inspect tool allows people to view how a user has edited a piece of content, provided it was created and edited with compatible software. Like text, images can also be compared against verified datasets of AI-generated content (such as deepfakes).

Finally, some AI developers have started adding watermarks to the outputs of their AI systems. These are hidden patterns in any kind of content which are imperceptible to humans but can be detected by the AI developer. None of the large developers have shared their detection tools with the public yet, though.

Each of these methods has its drawbacks and limitations.

How effective are AI detectors?

The effectiveness of AI detectors can depend on several factors. These include which tools were used to make the content and whether the content was edited or modified after generation.

The tools’ training data can also affect results.

For example, key datasets used to detect AI-generated pictures do not have enough full-body pictures of people or images from people of certain cultures. This means successful detection is already limited in many ways.

Watermark-based detection can be quite good at detecting content made by AI tools from the same company. For example, if you use one of Google’s AI models such as Imagen, Google’s SynthID watermark tool claims to be able to spot the resulting outputs.

But SynthID is not publicly available yet. It also doesn’t work if, for example, you generate content using ChatGPT, which isn’t made by Google. Interoperability across AI developers is a major issue.

AI detectors can also be fooled when the output is edited. For example, if you use a voice cloning app and then add noise or reduce the quality (by making it smaller), this can trip up voice AI detectors. The same is true with AI image detectors.

Explainability is another major issue. Many AI detectors will give the user a “confidence estimate” of how certain it is that something is AI-generated. But they usually don’t explain their reasoning or why they think something is AI-generated.

It is important to realize that it is still early days for AI detection, especially when it comes to automatic detection.

A good example of this can be seen in recent attempts to detect deepfakes. The winner of Meta’s Deepfake Detection Challenge identified four out of five deepfakes. However, the model was trained on the same data it was tested on—a bit like having seen the answers before it took the quiz.

When tested against new content, the model’s success rate dropped. It only correctly identified three out of five deepfakes in the new dataset.

All this means AI detectors can and do get things wrong. They can result in false positives (claiming something is AI generated when it’s not) and false negatives (claiming something is human-generated when it’s not).

For the users involved, these mistakes can be devastating—such as a student whose essay is dismissed as AI-generated when they wrote it themselves, or someone who mistakenly believes an AI-written email came from a real human.

It’s an arms race as new technologies are developed or refined, and detectors are struggling to keep up.

Where to from here?

Relying on a single tool is problematic and risky. It’s generally safer and better to use a variety of methods to assess the authenticity of a piece of content.

You can do so by cross-referencing sources and double-checking facts in written content. Or for visual content, you might compare suspect images to other images purported to be taken during the same time or place. You might also ask for additional evidence or explanation if something looks or sounds dodgy.

But ultimately, trusted relationships with individuals and institutions will remain one of the most important factors when detection tools fall short or other options aren’t available.

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The Conversation


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Oh No! A Free Scale That Tells Me My Stress Levels and Body Fat

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Oh No! A Free Scale That Tells Me My Stress Levels and Body Fat


I will admit to being afraid of scales—the kind that weigh you, not the ones on a snake. And so my first reaction to the idea I’d be getting a free body-scanning scale with a Factor prepared meal kit subscription was something akin to “Oh no!”

It’s always bad or shameful news, I figured, and maybe nothing I don’t already know. Though, as it turned out, I was wrong on both points.

Factor is, of course, the prepared meal brand from meal kit giant HelloFresh, which I’ve tested while reviewing dozens of meal kits this past year. Think delivery TV dinners, but actually fresh and never frozen. Factor meals are meant to be microwaved, but I found when I reviewed Factor last year that the meals actually tasted much better if you air-fry them (ideally using a Ninja Crispi, the best reheating device I know).

Especially, Factor excels at the low-carb and protein-rich diet that has become equally fashionable among people who want to lose weight and people who like to lift it. Hence, this scale. Factor would like you to be able to track your progress in gaining muscle mass, losing fat, or both. And then presumably keep using Factor to make your fitness or wellness goals.

While your first week of Factor comes at a discount right now, regular-price meals will be $14 to $15 a serving, plus $11 shipping per box. That’s less than most restaurant delivery, but certainly more than if you were whipping up these meals yourself.

If you subscribe between now and the end of March, the third Factor meal box will come with a free Withings Body Comp scale, which generally retails north of $200. The Withings doesn’t just weigh you. It scans your proportions of fat and bone and muscle, and indirectly measures stress levels and the elasticity of your blood vessels. It is, in fact, WIRED’s favorite smart scale, something like a fitness watch for your feet.

Anyway, to get the deal, use the code CONWITHINGS on Factor’s website, or follow the promo code link below.

Is It My Body

The scale that comes with the Factor subscription is about as fancy as it gets: a $200 Body Comp scale from high-tech fitness monitoring company Withings. The scale uses bioelectrical impedance analysis and some other proprietary methods in order to measure not just your weight but your body fat percentage, your lean muscle mass, your visceral fat, and your bone and water mass, your pulse rate, and even the stiffness of your arteries.

To get all this information, all you really need to do is stand on the scale for a few minutes. The scale will recognize you based on your weight (you’ll need to be accurate in describing yourself when you set up your profile for this to work), and then cycle through a series of measurements before giving you a cheery weather report for the day.

Withings

Body Comp Smart Scale

Your electrodermal activity—the “skin response via sweat gland stimulation in your feet”—provides a gauge of stress, or at least excitation. The Withings also purports to measure your arterial age, or stiffness, via the velocity of your blood with each heartbeat. This sounds esoteric, but it has some scientific backing.

Note that many physicians caution against taking indirect measurements of body composition as gospel. Other physicians counter that previous “gold standard” measurements aren’t perfectly accurate, either. It’s a big ol’ debate. For myself, I tend to take smart-scale measurements as a convenient way to track progress, and also a good home indicator for when there’s a problem that may require attention from a physician.

And so of course, I was petrified. So much bad news to get all at once! I figured.



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Discovering the Dimensions of a New Cold War

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Discovering the Dimensions of a New Cold War


In 2025, American and world leaders were preoccupied with wars in the Middle East. Most dramatically, first Israel and the United States bombed Iran’s nuclear facilities. Some commentators feared that President Trump’s decision to bomb Iran would drag the United States into the “forever wars” in the Middle East that presidential candidate Trump had pledged to avoid. The tragic war in Gaza had become a humanitarian disaster. After years of promising to reduce engagement with the region from Democratic and Republican presidents alike, it appeared that the US was being dragged back into Middle East once again.

I hope that’s not the case. Instead, in 2026, President Trump, his administration, the US Congress, and the American people more generally must realize that the real challenges to the American national interests, the free world, and global order more generally come not from the Middle East but from the autocratic China and Russia. The three-decade honeymoon from great power politics after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War is over. For the United States to succeed in this new era of great power competition, US strategists must first accurately diagnose the threat and then devise and implement effective prescriptions.

The oversimplified assessment is that we have entered a new Cold War with Xi’s China and his sidekick, Russian leader Vladimir Putin. To be sure, there are some parallels between our current era of great power competition and the Cold War. The balance of power in the world today is dominated by two great powers, the United States and China, much like the United States and the Soviet Union dominated the world during the Cold War. Second, like the contest between communism and capitalism during the last century, there is an ideological conflict between the great powers today. The United States is a democracy. China and Russia are autocracies. Third, at least until the second Trump era, all three of these great powers have sought to propagate and expand their influence globally. That too was the case during the last Cold War.

At the same time, there are also some significant differences. Superimposing the Cold War metaphor to explain everything regarding the US-China rivalry today distorts as much as it illuminates.

First, while the world is dominated by two great powers, the United States remains more powerful than China on many dimensions of power—military, economic, ideological—and especially so when allies are added to the equation. Also different from the Cold War, several mid-level powers have emerged in the global system—Brazil, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa, among others—that are not willing to join exclusively the American bloc or the Chinese bloc.

Second, while the ideological dimension of great power competition is real, it is not as intense as the Cold War. The Soviets aimed to spread communism worldwide, including in Europe and the United States. They were willing to deploy the Red Army, provide military and economic assistance, overthrow regimes, and fight proxy wars with the United States to achieve that aim. So far, Xi Jinping and the Communist Party of China have not employed these same aggressive methods to export their model of governance or construct an alternative world order. Putin is much more aggressive in propagating his ideology of illiberal nationalism and seeking to destroy the liberal international order. Thankfully, however, Russia does not have the capabilities of China to succeed in these revisionist aims.



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Walmart Promo Codes for December 2025

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Walmart Promo Codes for December 2025


After living in big cities like San Francisco and New York, when I set foot in Wally World in the Midwest, I heard angels sing. Rows and rows of fluorescent lights highlighted any and every product needed for your house in one place. Screw the mom-and-pop bodega—I missed this level of convenience. If by chance they don’t have what you need in-store, there’s even more online, with pickup and delivery available.

Save $10 off With our Limited-Time Walmart Promo Code

Skip the line at your local Walmart and save $10 off your first three delivery or pickup orders of $50 or more with our Walmart coupon code, TRIPLE10. So, whether you’re stocking up on late night munchies or some toiletries for your next getaway, you can take $10 off your next purchase now until the end of the year.

No Walmart Coupon? No Problem.

Walmart has quite literally thousands of flash deals that change weekly, with up to 65% off tech, appliances, end-of-season, and holiday items, so be sure to check often to find the best rotating deals. And if you’re like me, I’m always searching for the best tech deals without breaking the bank. So whether you’re looking to purchase a new 17-piece non-stick cookware set, Dyson cordless vacuum cleaner, or this season’s latest clothing trends for men, women or children—Walmart is your one-stop shop for it all.

You can also enjoy great benefits with Walmart+, a paid membership that gives early access to promotions and events like Walmart Black Friday deals, free delivery, free shipping with no order minimum, savings on fuel, streaming with Paramount+, and more. You can pay monthly or annually, and you’ll get a free trial of Walmart+ for 30 days to try it out. Walmart+ Assist helps qualifying government aid recipients get a membership at a lower cost.



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