Business
Minerals alone do not ensure prosperity | The Express Tribune
South Asia needs to act strategically as global race for critical minerals intensifies
Iftikhar Ali Malik, former president of Saarc Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
LAHORE:
The battle for technological supremacy is no longer being fought only in laboratories or stock exchanges; it is increasingly unfolding beneath the earth’s surface. From lithium-rich salt flats to copper belts and rare earth deposits, the role of critical minerals is fast reshaping global trade alliances and strategic priorities.
In Pakistan, many business leaders think that the whole region should align as global competition for critical minerals and strategic metals is set to intensify due to the fact that major economies rush to secure supply chains for clean energy and emerging technologies.
“Lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements and copper have become the backbone of modern industrial growth, powering electric vehicles, renewable energy storage systems, semiconductors and advanced defence systems,” said Iftikhar Ali Malik, former president of Saarc Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
According to the International Energy Agency, demand for lithium is projected to grow more than 40 times by 2040 under sustainable development scenarios, while demand for nickel and cobalt may increase by 20 to 25 times.
Copper, often called the metal of electrification, is expected to see a surge in consumption due to the expansion of renewable power grids and electric vehicles. Global investment in energy transition technologies reached $2.3 trillion in 2025, underscoring how deeply minerals are now tied to economic security.
Malik observed that as the world shifts towards green energy and digital transformation, demand for these resources is rising exponentially, triggering a new wave of geo-economic rivalry among leading nations. He emphasised that developing economies, particularly in South Asia, must adopt forward-looking policies to capitalise on this evolving landscape.
Regional cooperation, technology transfer and transparent regulatory frameworks, he said, would be essential to attract responsible foreign investment while safeguarding national interests.
“Countries rich in mineral reserves are now at the centre of strategic partnerships and trade negotiations,” Malik said, adding that without proper planning and value addition, resource-rich nations risk exporting raw materials while importing expensive finished goods. He cautioned that unplanned extraction, environmental degradation and weak oversight could deprive economies of long-term gains.
He urged policymakers to invest in comprehensive geological surveys, modern mining infrastructure and skilled human resources to enhance competitiveness.
Stressing the importance of regional collaboration under Saarc platforms, Malik said integrated supply chains within South Asia could reduce dependence on extra-regional powers and create stronger bargaining positions in global markets. “The race for critical minerals is not merely about resources but about technological leadership and economic resilience in a rapidly changing world order,” he added.
Industry analysts note that South Asia holds significant untapped potential. Geological surveys in the region have identified copper and gold deposits worth billions of dollars, while renewed interest in rare earth exploration is emerging due to their use in wind turbines and high-performance magnets.
However, the region’s mining sector contributes less than 3% to the overall GDP in most economies, compared to over 10% in resource-driven nations like Chile or Australia.
Dr Ahmed Naseem, a Lahore-based economist, said that mineral wealth alone does not guarantee prosperity. “History shows that countries often fall into a resource trap if institutions are weak and transparency is compromised. If South Asian states fail to ensure environmental safeguards, local processing and fair revenue sharing, the mineral rush could widen inequality instead of strengthening economic resilience.”
He added that global supply chains are increasingly shaped by sustainability standards, carbon footprints and traceability requirements, particularly in the European Union and North America. Without meeting these benchmarks, exporters could face trade barriers despite having abundant reserves.
“As geopolitical tensions are influencing mineral trade routes and major economies are signing exclusive supply agreements, the urgency for strategic planning is growing. Unless South Asian nations, including Pakistan, coordinate policies, invest in downstream industries and prioritise value addition, they may miss a rare opportunity to reposition themselves in the global economic hierarchy,” he said.
Business
Oil prices slide on hopes of US-Iran peace deal
Trump said on Saturday that an agreement would include the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, without giving further details.
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Business
Shop numbers return to growth after years of decline, say experts
UK high streets and shopping destinations are showing signs of recovery as more than 13 retail stores opened each week over the past year, according to new figures.
However, England and Wales have still seen more than 6,000 retail premises vanish from local communities over the past five years.
Analysis of Valuation Office Agency data by tax firm Ryan, found that there were 507,810 retail premises across England and Wales at the end of 2025.
It said the figures showed that a recent contraction across the sector has appeared to stabilise, with a 723 net increase in the number of retail stores compared with a year earlier.
Property numbers increased across every region of England and Wales, with the exception of the North West, which saw a decline of 41.
It suggests that parts of the sector are now beginning to rebalance following significant structural contraction seen since the pandemic.
The creation of new retail units also comes as many retail real estate firms, such as Hammerson, have turned empty large units, often former department stores, into a greater number of smaller units.
Other retail groups, such as John Lewis, have moved away from ambitions to transform some retail property for other uses such as rental accommodation.
Nevertheless, the retail sector is still facing pressure from higher business rates for many firms, increased labour costs and concerns over consumer sentiment.
The data also shows that there has also been significant decline over the past few years, with a net reduction of 6,045 retail properties since the end of 2020.
London recorded the largest five-year regional reduction, with 1,266 retail premises disappearing over the period, followed by the South East (-1,191), North West (-719) and North East (-672).
The figures show retail premises which have permanently disappeared from communities altogether, having either been demolished or converted for alternative use.
The figures come as Ryan’s 2026 annual business rates review highlighted that the retail sector saw a 9.3% increase in rateable values at the 2026 business rates revaluation despite the major shift in the retail landscape since the pandemic.
Alex Probyn, practice leader for Europe and Asia-Pacific property tax at Ryan, said: “The pandemic accelerated structural changes that were already emerging across the retail sector, including changing consumer behaviour, hybrid working patterns and a reduced reliance on traditional retail floorspace in many locations.
“Many locations were arguably over-retailed before Covid and high streets have evolved towards more mixed-use environments, with retail space being rebalanced alongside growing demand for residential, leisure, hospitality and service-led uses.
“The revaluation outcome does suggest a large proportion of retail premises have seen bigger increases in their assessments than underlying market conditions and rental evidence would have led occupiers to expect.
“Retailers should therefore carefully review and, where appropriate, challenge their assessments.”
Business
Indians cut overseas travel spending to $1.9 billion in March: RBI
Indians sharply cut back on overseas travel spending in March, with remittances for foreign trips dropping by more than $212 million from the previous month, according to Reserve Bank of India data. The fall in outbound travel expenditure came amid rising oil prices linked to the Middle East conflict and persistent pressure on rupee, even as travel remained the single largest component of outward remittances under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS).In March, travel-related remittances fell to $1.09 billion from $1.3 billion in February and $1.65 billion in January. The decline came at a time when the West Asia conflict pushed oil prices higher and weakened rupee to record lows. Amid the situation, Prime Minister Narendra Modi urged citizens to cut down on foreign travel and adopt measures such as carpooling. Lower overseas travel spending could reduce foreign exchange outflows and help ease pressure on rupee.According to the RBI’s data on outward remittances by resident individuals, travel continued to account for the largest share of money sent abroad under the LRS in March. Total remittances during the month stood at $2.59 billion.The RBI tracks overseas spending across categories including travel, studies abroad, maintenance of close relatives, overseas investments, and property purchases. Under the LRS framework, resident individuals, including minors, can remit up to $250,000 in a financial year for permitted current or capital account transactions.Within the travel segment, the biggest component remained the ‘other travel’ category, which covers holiday spending and international credit card settlements. Indians spent $623.05 million under this category in March, accounting for nearly 57 per cent of total travel-related remittances during the month.Expenditure linked to education travel, including hostel and fee payments, stood at $450.16 million. Business travel, pilgrimage, and overseas medical treatment together accounted for $21.39 million.The data also showed a rise in remittances meant for the maintenance of close relatives abroad. Such transfers increased to $389.78 million in March from $266.18 million in February.At the same time, spending under the ‘studies abroad’ category declined. This category includes payments made for educational services accessed remotely without travelling overseas, such as correspondence courses. Remittances under this head stood at $151.71 million in March, compared to $175.68 million in February and $267.42 million in January.For the financial year 2024-25, Indians remitted a total of $29.56 billion under the LRS. Travel made up the largest portion of this amount at $16.96 billion.The RBI figures further showed that investments by Indians in overseas equity and debt instruments rose significantly to $440.22 million in March from $265.99 million in February.Meanwhile, outward remittances for the purchase of immovable property overseas declined to $38.68 million in March, down from $51.36 million a month earlier.
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