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New research effort could boost nuclear fuel performance

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New research effort could boost nuclear fuel performance


Inside a hot cell, a manipulator grasps and twists the tool to puncture the metal cladding that surrounds the uranium pellets, allowing researchers to measure the amount of xenon and krypton gases released. Credit: Andrea Starr | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Researchers at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have begun a series of experiments that could result in more energy for the grid by increasing nuclear fuel efficiency. The tests are made possible by the special delivery of 11 “high burnup” rods that were irradiated for research purposes.

The rods will be punctured, cut, mechanically stressed and closely examined—all part of testing to learn how the metal alloys fared inside the extreme environment of a nuclear reactor for six years, where temperatures can soar to hundreds of degrees Celsius.

The larger aim: to understand how advanced fuels developed by Global Nuclear Fuel react to “higher burnup” conditions. Those conditions partly entail keeping the fuels inside a reactor for longer than is typical, with the goal of extracting more energy out of the fuel than is done today.

“To draw more energy from these materials and increase plant power is like putting new generating capacity on the grid without having to build any new infrastructure,” said Mark Nutt, director of PNNL’s nuclear energy market sector. “That’s a useful thing for both fuel vendors and a nation that seeks to realize a fuller nuclear potential.”

The series of experiments underway at PNNL will reveal important information about how the research rods reacted to the conditions, and may even inform how future fuels are designed. High burnup fuels stand to boost the performance of the country’s nuclear power fleet by making more efficient use of existing fuel materials, making reactors more resistant to nuclear incidents and perhaps even lowering the cost of electricity.

“This is a for our Accident Tolerant Fuel program,” said Frank Goldner, the Accident Tolerant Fuel federal program manager in the Office of Nuclear Energy. “The development of this fuel could further support the Trump Administration’s executive order to facilitate 5 gigawatts of power uprates at existing power plants by 2030 and high burnup fuels could be a big part of that.”







Credit: Eddie Pablo | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Delivered safe and sound

When the rods first arrived at the PNNL-Richland campus, many of the scientists watching the delivery wore expressions of anticipation. The shipping process was well-regulated, requiring complex logistical coordination between agencies over a span of 14 months. As an unloading crew meticulously transferred the 60,000-pound stainless-steel rod-carrying cask into the Radiochemical Processing Laboratory (RPL), a team of technicians, radiation chemists, material scientists and nuclear engineers was at the ready. Testing was to begin right away.

Almost like , signatures of past exposure imbued throughout the materials will answer important questions for curious scientists. Did the outer casing, called “cladding,” perform as expected under high burnup conditions? Researchers will search for changes in the material through “tensile testing” techniques. They’ll also use a digital image correlation method to paint the cladding with thousands of dots, then trace the movement of those dots as the cladding is pulled apart with great mechanical force to gather significantly more data.

In one test, researchers used remotely operated manipulators inside a heavily shielded hot cell to puncture the cladding, releasing the rods’ internal pressure. They then capture the radioactive gases that released, which reveal how much pressure built up inside the cladding as the rods’ internal contents underwent fission reactions. All of these data will help Global Nuclear Fuel to further validate the models that estimate how their may perform under various conditions.

“The examination of these rods is the next step in our continuous drive to develop higher efficiency fuels that are safer and more reliable,” said Craig Ranson, Installed Base CEO, GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy. “We are proud to be part of this collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy, PNNL and our utility partners to benefit the entire industry.”

It’s exactly the kind of post-irradiation examination that PNNL is poised to do, thanks in part to the uniqueness of the RPL, a hazard category II non-reactor nuclear research facility. Equipped with precision instruments and staffed by researchers and technicians with diverse expertise, it’s rare that a single facility can perform such wide-ranging and specialized analyses for multiple sponsors.

“The RPL provides a unique opportunity where we can actually accept full-length high burnup rods, perform the research in the hot cells and take the material to different labs within the same space—without having to transfer buildings—for testing. It’s very efficient,” said PNNL chemist and project co-lead Susan Asmussen. “We have the ability to do work on materials—from post-irradiation examination to liquid-liquid separation chemistry—that few other facilities have.”

Co-lead Brady Hanson, a nuclear engineer at PNNL, concurs, also citing the research team’s breadth of experience as a key advantage.

“We can perform all the kinds of chemistry you could dream of under this roof, but we can also do mechanical and material testing here and we can quite literally get all the way down to the atomic level. There are few questions we can’t answer,” Hanson said.

“That’s a feature of both our facility and our diverse research team. We’ve got nuclear, mechanical and chemical engineers, materials scientists and a chemist. It takes all of us to look at the scope of the work from different angles and provide different viewpoints, and I think that’s what really makes us a strong team.”

PNNL also benefits from its extensive research scope and varied mission partners, as scientists from several disciplines work onsite and can collaborate on experiments to maximize the use of valuable nuclear materials for mission needs across the U.S. government. For instance, debris generated from the decladding process will be used to train the next generation of scientists tasked with developing technologies to detect and monitor nuclear activities—a key part of the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration’s nonproliferation mission.

Through the Nonproliferation Stewardship Program, RPL staff will leverage the debris to understand how to characterize and monitor the movements of special nuclear materials, like uranium and plutonium, through a chemical separation process.

“This delivery represents a rare and valuable opportunity,” said Nutt. “We look forward to realizing the full scientific potential of this material—that’s an area where PNNL is especially capable, given our multidisciplinary strengths. The resulting research could help achieve several important goals in service to the nation and go a long way toward providing abundant and reliable energy to the grid allowing for U.S. energy dominance.”

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Google’s Pixel 10a May Not Be Exciting, but It’s Still an Unbeatable Value

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Google’s Pixel 10a May Not Be Exciting, but It’s Still an Unbeatable Value


The screen is brighter now, reaching a peak brightness of 3,000 nits, and I haven’t had any trouble reading it in sunny conditions (though it hasn’t been as sunny as I’d like it to be these past few weeks). I appreciate the glass upgrade from Gorilla Glass 3 to Gorilla Glass 7i. It should be more protective, and anecdotally, I don’t see a single scratch on the Pixel 10a’s screen after two weeks of use. (I’d still snag a screen protector to be safe.)

Photograph: Julian Chokkattu

Another notable upgrade is in charging speeds—30-watt wired charging and 10-watt wireless charging. I’ll admit I haven’t noticed the benefits of this yet, since I’m often recharging the phone overnight. You can get up to 50 percent in 30 minutes of charging with a compatible adapter, and that has lined up with my testing.

My biggest gripe? Google should have taken this opportunity to add its Pixelsnap wireless charging magnets to the back of this phone. That would help align the Pixel 10a even more with the Pixel 10 series and bring Qi2 wireless charging into a more affordable realm—actually raising the bar, which wouldn’t be a first for the A-series. After all, Apple did exactly that with the new iPhone 17e, adding MagSafe to the table. Or heck, at least make the Pixel 10a Qi2 Ready like Samsung’s smartphones, so people who use a magnetic case can take advantage of faster wireless charging speeds.

Battery life has been OK. With average use, the Pixel 10a comfortably lasts me a full day, but it still requires daily charging. With heavier use, like when I’m traveling, I’ve had to charge the phone in the afternoon a few times to make sure it didn’t die before I got into bed. This is a fairly big battery for its size, but I think there’s more Google could do to extend juice, akin to Motorola’s Moto G Power 2026.



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The Colorful MacBook Neo Is Apple’s Cheapest Laptop Ever

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The Colorful MacBook Neo Is Apple’s Cheapest Laptop Ever


After a week of product announcements—starting with the iPhone 17e, a refreshed iPad Air, and more powerful MacBook Pro models—Apple has unveiled a new category in its laptop lineup for the first time in a while: the “MacBook Neo.”

Photograph: Julian Chokkattu

Positioned below the MacBook Air as an entry-level machine, this new MacBook is the most affordable laptop the company has ever made, with a starting price of $599. While it’s been possible to buy a new MacBook Air at lower prices—like the 2020 M1 MacBook Air Apple sold for several years for $699 exclusively through Walmart—this is officially the cheapest MacBook out the gate.

Aside from the price, its approach to color also makes it unique among the other MacBooks in Apple’s lineup. You have several color options, including Silver, Indigo, Blush, and Citrus. The colors harken back a bit to the iBook G3 of yesteryear and are akin to the current iMac design. In person, the colors aren’t a bright and bold as expected, still exhibiting a more subtle hue. Apple says the aluminum device weighs 2.7 pounds, which is the same as the 13-inch MacBook Air. We’re still waiting on official measurements on the thickness.

Despite its price, Apple doesn’t appear to be cutting corners on the quality of the screen. With a resolution of 2408 by 1506 and up to 500 nits of brightness, Apple boasts that it is “both brighter and higher in resolution than most PC laptops in this price range.” The display doesn’t use a notch for the webcam like the MacBook Air or MacBook Pro. There’s a 1080p camera, a Touch ID sensor, and side-firing speakers with Dolby Atmos. Unfortunately, the Touch ID sensor is only available on the $699 model, which comes with 512 GB of storage.

The MacBook Neo does make plenty of other concessions to hit its aggressive price though. It’s powered by the A18 Pro chip—the same processor inside the iPhone 16 Pro and 16 Pro Max. Yup—you read that right. iPads have used Mac chips for years, but now a MacBook is using an iPhone chip. Still, this processor should deliver more power than the original M1 chip in the MacBook Air. Apple claims the chip gives the MacBook Neo up to 16 hours of battery life. That’s less than the MacBook Air or MacBook Pro. Apple also says the chip is up to 50 percent faster in daily tasks like web browsing than “the bestselling PC with the latest chipping Intel Core Ultra 5.” According to the liner notes, this was based on a Speedometer test, a popular browser-based benchmark.

Other compromises to the device are the use of a mechanical multi-touch trackpad (rather than one that uses haptic feedback), a non-backlit keyboard, and the more limited port selection. The use of the iPhone chip means this MacBook only supports one external monitor through one if its two USB-C ports. Either port can be used for charging. There’s also a headphone jack, located in an odd position next to the side-firing speakers near the front of the device. While technically this is the same amount of USB-C ports as the MacBook Air, it’s missing the magnetic MagSafe 3 charging port, which frees up one of the USB-C ports.



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What It’s Like to Have a Brain Implant for 5 Years

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What It’s Like to Have a Brain Implant for 5 Years


Initially, Gorham used his brain-computer interface for single clicks, Oxley says. Then he moved on to multi-clicks and eventually sliding control, which is akin to turning up a volume knob. Now he can move a computer cursor, an example of 2D control—horizontal and vertical movements within a two-dimensional plane.

Over the years, Gorham has gotten to try out different devices using his implant. Zafar Faraz, a field clinical engineer for Synchron, says Gorham directly contributed to the development of Switch Control, a new accessibility feature Apple announced last year that allows brain-computer interface users the ability to control iPhones, iPads, and the Vision Pro with their thoughts.

In a video demonstration shown at an Nvidia conference last year in San Jose, California, Gorham demonstrates using his implant to play music from a smart speaker, turn on a fan, adjust his lights, activate an automatic pet feeder, and run a robotic vacuum in his home in Melbourne, Australia.

“Rodney has been pushing the boundaries of what is possible,” Faraz says.

As a field clinical engineer, Faraz visits Gorham in his home twice a week to lead sessions on his brain-computer interface. It’s Faraz’s job to monitor the performance of the device, troubleshoot problems, and also learn the range of things that Gorham can and can’t do with it. Synchron relies on this data to improve the reliability and user-friendliness of its system.

In the years he’s been working with Gorham, the two have done a lot of experimenting to see what’s possible with the implant. Once, Faraz says, he had Gorham using two iPads side by side, switching between playing a game on one and listening to music on the other. Another time, Gorham played a computer game in which he had to grab blocks on a shelf. The game was tied to an actual robotic arm at the University of Melbourne, about six miles from Gorham’s home, that remotely moved real blocks in a lab.

Gorham, who was an IBM software salesman before he was diagnosed with ALS in 2016, has relished being such a key part of the development of the technology, his wife Caroline says.

“It fits Rodney’s set of life skills,” she says. “He spent 30 years in IT, talking to customers, finding out what they needed from their software, and then going back to the techos to actually develop what the customer needed. Now it’s sort of flipped around the other way.” After a session with Faraz, Gorham will often be smiling ear to ear.

Through field visits, the Synchron team realized it needed to change the setup of its system. Currently, a wire cable with a paddle on one end needs to sit on top of the user’s chest. The paddle collects the brain signals that are beamed through the chest and transmits them via the wire to an external unit that translates those signals into commands. In its second generation system, Synchron is removing that wire.

“If you have a wearable component where there’s a delicate communication layer, we learned that that’s a problem,” Oxley says. “With a paralyzed population, you have to depend on someone to come and modify the wearable components and make sure the link is working. That was a huge learning piece for us.”



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