Tech
Plasma-based method creates efficient, low-cost catalysts for metal–air batteries
Due to the intense global impact of fossil fuel overuse on air quality and climate, the search for advanced clean energy solutions has become critical. Metal–air batteries offer a game-changing alternative, holding the potential to replace combustion engines in various applications.
By electrochemically converting oxygen from the air into power, these batteries achieve theoretical energy densities up to twelve times higher than lithium-ion cells, delivering unprecedented efficiency with zero operational emissions.
Challenges facing metal–air battery adoption
Despite their theoretical advantages, metal–air batteries have yet to achieve widespread commercial viability due to several critical obstacles. Current high-performance catalysts primarily depend on expensive precious metals, such as platinum and ruthenium, rendering them economically unfeasible for mass production and large-scale deployment.
Furthermore, most existing catalyst materials are monofunctional, efficiently driving only one of the two essential electrochemical processes—the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) or the oxygen evolution reaction (OER)—but not both.
Compounding these issues, the complex, multi-step synthesis processes required for these catalysts inflate manufacturing costs and severely restrict scalability.
Innovative research tackles catalyst limitations
Against this backdrop, a research team led by Professor Takahiro Ishizaki from the College of Engineering at Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan, and Assistant Professor Sangwoo Chae from Nagoya University, Japan, has been working hard to find appropriate solutions to these issues.
In their latest study, published in Sustainable Energy & Fuels, they report a revolutionary single-step method for creating highly effective bifunctional catalysts using abundant, low-cost materials.
The researchers utilized the recently pioneered solution plasma process (SPP) for the synthesis, successfully creating cobalt-tin hydroxide (CoSn(OH)6) composites anchored to various carbon supports. This is a critical distinction from conventional catalyst synthesis: unlike traditional, multi-step methods that require surfactants and extensive post-processing, SPP enables rapid, single-step synthesis at room temperature under ambient atmospheric conditions.
This plasma-based approach not only confers unique surface properties that significantly boost catalytic activity but also dramatically slashes manufacturing complexity and production costs.
The research team systematically produced catalysts with varied compositions and carbon structures, rigorously testing their bifunctional performance in both the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions—the two pivotal processes determining overall battery efficiency.
Their best-performing catalyst, combining CoSn(OH)6 with Ketjen Black carbon, achieved remarkable results. For oxygen evolution, it outperformed the industry-standard ruthenium oxide catalyst, requiring lower voltages to achieve the same current densities. In oxygen reduction, it exhibited performance comparable to much more expensive platinum-based catalysts while relying solely on abundant materials.
Moreover, this new catalyst proved to be quite durable, as Prof. Ishizaki says, “Our advanced CoSn(OH)6–Ketjen Black composite exhibited exceptional long-term stability, maintaining its superior oxygen evolution performance for over 12 hours without degradation, a crucial factor for real-world battery applications.”
Notably, the catalyst’s ability to efficiently catalyze both required reactions represents a significant advancement in the field. The researchers measured a potential gap of just 0.835 V between the two reactions, thus enabling highly efficient energy conversion. This dual functionality eliminates the need for separate catalysts, further reducing system complexity and costs.
Detailed analysis confirms that the superior catalytic performance stems from powerful synergistic interactions between the (CoSn(OH)6) nanoparticles and the carbon support.
The researchers discovered that the SPP synthesis process is key: it ensures a uniform distribution of active nanoparticles across the carbon surface, which maximizes the exposure of catalytic sites while simultaneously guaranteeing excellent electrical conductivity.
Furthermore, the method offers precise control over particle size and crucial surface properties, allowing for systematic optimization of catalytic activity.
“This breakthrough holds profound potential to customize and manufacture high-performance, durable, and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for critical energy conversion systems,” highlights Prof. Ishizaki. “It offers a truly sustainable material alternative to commercially used precious metal-based catalysts.”
Implications for energy storage and industry
The implications of this work are far-reaching, promising a revolution across the energy sector. Metal–air batteries powered by these newly developed catalysts could fundamentally transform energy storage for electric vehicles, offering a significantly longer range and faster charging capabilities while simultaneously reducing overall costs.
Furthermore, the technology holds immense potential for grid-scale energy storage, which is crucial for the efficient integration of intermittent renewable sources like solar and wind power into electrical networks. The proposed single-step synthesis method offers equally profound industrial advantages.
By eliminating complex, multi-step processing and reliance on expensive raw materials, manufacturers can produce these high-performing catalysts at a fraction of the current cost. Moreover, the ability to synthesize these materials under ambient conditions drastically reduces energy consumption and environmental impact compared to conventional high-temperature, high-pressure methods currently used in battery and catalyst production.
Overall, this research represents a crucial and transformative step toward achieving economically viable clean energy storage on a global scale, poised to significantly accelerate the essential transition away from fossil fuels in the transportation and energy sectors.
More information:
Sangwoo Chae et al, Single-step solution plasma synthesis of bifunctional CoSn(OH)6–carbon composite electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, Sustainable Energy & Fuels (2025). DOI: 10.1039/d5se00370a
Citation:
Plasma-based method creates efficient, low-cost catalysts for metal–air batteries (2025, November 17)
retrieved 17 November 2025
from https://techxplore.com/news/2025-11-plasma-based-method-efficient-catalysts.html
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Tech
Looking for the Best Smart Scale? Step on Up
Other Smart Scales
Renpho MorphoScan for $150: The Renpho MorphoScan full-body scanner looks surprisingly similar to the Runstar FG2015, including a near-identical display attached to the handlebars. Well, spoiler alert, they are basically the same scale. They even use the same app to collect data (and you can even use both scales simultaneously with it). The only reason this scale isn’t our top pick for the category is that it’s $15 more expensive. You can rest assured that a price war is looming.
Arboleaf Body Fat Scale CS20W for $40: This affordable Bluetooth scale isn’t the most eye-catching I’ve tested, owing to its big, silver electrodes and an oversized display that comes across as a bit garish. While weight is easy to make out, the six additional statistics showcased are difficult to read, all displayed simultaneously. I like the Arboleaf app better than the scale, where five more metrics can be found in addition to the seven above, each featuring a helpful explanation when tapping on it. It’s a solid deal at this price, but the upsell to get an “intelligent interpretation report” for an extra $40 per year is probably safe to skip.
Hume Health Body Pod for $183: Hume Health’s Body Pod, another full-body scanner with handles, is heavily advertised—at least to the apps on my phone—and touted (by Hume) as the Next Big Thing in the world of body management. While the app is indeed glossy and inviting, I was shocked to discover how flimsy the hardware felt, that it lacked Wi-Fi, and that some features are locked behind a $100-a-year Hume Plus subscription plan. It works fine enough, but you can get results that are just as good with a cheaper device.
Garmin Index S2 for $191: Five years after its release, the Index S2 is still Garmin’s current model, a surprise for a company otherwise obsessed with fitness. It’s still noteworthy for its lovely color display, which walks you through its six body metrics (for up to 16 users) with each weigh-in. The display also provides your weight trend over time in graphical form and can even display the weather. The scale connects directly to Wi-Fi and Garmin’s cloud-based storage system, so you don’t need a phone nearby to track your progress, as with Bluetooth-only scales. A phone running the Garmin Connect app (Android, iOS) is handy, so you can keep track of everything over time. Unfortunately, as health apps go, Connect is a bit of a bear, so expect a learning curve—especially if you want to make changes to the way the scale works. You can turn its various LCD-screen widgets on or off in the app, but finding everything can be difficult due to the daunting scope of the Garmin ecosystem. The color screen is nice at first, but ultimately adds little to the package.
Omron BCM-500 for $92: With its large LCD panel, quartet of onboard buttons, and oversize silver electrodes, the Omron BCM-500 is an eye-catching masterwork of brutalist design. If your bathroom is decked out in concrete and wrought iron, this scale will fit right in. The Bluetooth unit syncs with Omron’s HeartAdvisor app (Android, iOS), but it provides all six of its body metrics directly on the scale, cycling through them with each weigh-in (for up to four users). It can be difficult to read the label for each of the data points, in part because the LCD isn’t backlit, but the app is somewhat easier to follow, offering front-page graphs of weight, skeletal muscle, and body fat. On the other hand, the presentation is rather clinical, and the app is surprisingly slow to sync. For a scale without a Wi-Fi connection, it’s rather expensive too.
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Tech
To Start Doing What You Want to Do, First Do Less
This applies not just to things you have to do, but also things you think you want to do. Maybe you think you should learn Spanish, but you haven’t done anything to actually learn Spanish. Admitting that you aren’t actually committed to the idea enough to do the work of learning Spanish can help close that loop. Letting go of that feeling that you should learn Spanish just might be the thing that frees up your mind enough that you decide to take up paddleboarding on a whim. The point is that the new year isn’t just a time for starting something new. It’s a time to let go of the things from that past that are no longer serving you.
In many ways this is the antidote to that ever-so-popular slogan “Just do it.” Just do it implies that you shouldn’t think about it, instead of deciding what you really want to do or should do. Maybe spend some time remembering why you wanted to do it in the first place, and if those reasons no longer resonate with you, just don’t do it.
If you like this idea, I highly recommend getting Allen’s book. It goes into much more detail on this idea and has some practical advice on letting go. You can still keep track of those things, in case you do decide, years from now, when you’re paddleboarding through the Sea of Cortez, that now you really do want to learn Spanish and are willing to do the work.
Remember to Live
I will confess, my enthusiasm for Getting Things Done has waned over the years. Not because the system doesn’t work, but because I have found my life more dramatically improved by doing less, not more. It’s not that I’ve stopped getting things done. It’s that I’ve found many of the things I felt like I should do were not really my idea; they were ideas I’d internalized from other places. I didn’t really want to do them, so I didn’t, then I felt guilty about it.
While everything I’ve written above remains good advice for starting a healthy habit and keeping it going, it’s worth spending some time and making sure you know why you want to do what you’re doing. I have been rereading Bertrand Russell’s In Praise of Idleness, and this line jumped out at me: “The modern man thinks that everything ought to be done for the sake of something else, and never for its own sake.”
Tech
Oh No! A Free Scale That Tells Me My Stress Levels and Body Fat
I will admit to being afraid of scales—the kind that weigh you, not the ones on a snake. And so my first reaction to the idea I’d be getting a free body-scanning scale with a Factor prepared meal kit subscription was something akin to “Oh no!”
It’s always bad or shameful news, I figured, and maybe nothing I don’t already know. Though, as it turned out, I was wrong on both points.
Factor is, of course, the prepared meal brand from meal kit giant HelloFresh, which I’ve tested while reviewing dozens of meal kits this past year. Think delivery TV dinners, but actually fresh and never frozen. Factor meals are meant to be microwaved, but I found when I reviewed Factor last year that the meals actually tasted much better if you air-fry them (ideally using a Ninja Crispi, the best reheating device I know).
Especially, Factor excels at the low-carb and protein-rich diet that has become equally fashionable among people who want to lose weight and people who like to lift it. Hence, this scale. Factor would like you to be able to track your progress in gaining muscle mass, losing fat, or both. And then presumably keep using Factor to make your fitness or wellness goals.
While your first week of Factor comes at a discount right now, regular-price meals will be $14 to $15 a serving, plus $11 shipping per box. That’s less than most restaurant delivery, but certainly more than if you were whipping up these meals yourself.
If you subscribe between now and the end of March, the third Factor meal box will come with a free Withings Body Comp scale, which generally retails north of $200. The Withings doesn’t just weigh you. It scans your proportions of fat and bone and muscle, and indirectly measures stress levels and the elasticity of your blood vessels. It is, in fact, WIRED’s favorite smart scale, something like a fitness watch for your feet.
Anyway, to get the deal, use the code CONWITHINGS on Factor’s website, or follow the promo code link below.
Is It My Body
The scale that comes with the Factor subscription is about as fancy as it gets: a $200 Body Comp scale from high-tech fitness monitoring company Withings. The scale uses bioelectrical impedance analysis and some other proprietary methods in order to measure not just your weight but your body fat percentage, your lean muscle mass, your visceral fat, and your bone and water mass, your pulse rate, and even the stiffness of your arteries.
To get all this information, all you really need to do is stand on the scale for a few minutes. The scale will recognize you based on your weight (you’ll need to be accurate in describing yourself when you set up your profile for this to work), and then cycle through a series of measurements before giving you a cheery weather report for the day.
Your electrodermal activity—the “skin response via sweat gland stimulation in your feet”—provides a gauge of stress, or at least excitation. The Withings also purports to measure your arterial age, or stiffness, via the velocity of your blood with each heartbeat. This sounds esoteric, but it has some scientific backing.
Note that many physicians caution against taking indirect measurements of body composition as gospel. Other physicians counter that previous “gold standard” measurements aren’t perfectly accurate, either. It’s a big ol’ debate. For myself, I tend to take smart-scale measurements as a convenient way to track progress, and also a good home indicator for when there’s a problem that may require attention from a physician.
And so of course, I was petrified. So much bad news to get all at once! I figured.
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