Business
Poor planning not deforestation to blame for devastation | The Express Tribune

ISLAMABAD:
Pakistan inherited the legacy of British Forestry institutional and legal framework. Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (K-P) holds 40% of the country’s forest share, making it the richest province in this respect.
Within K-P, 14.1% of the total land area is covered with forests. The northern, north-western, and eastern parts of K-P are steep and mountainous, making them highly vulnerable to erosion and landslides.
Yet, these forests provide freshwater to major rivers running from north to south of the country. They also offer habitat for biodiversity, promote tourism, preserve natural beauty, and stabilise climate impacts on humans and other species.
Forests act as the lungs of Pakistan by absorbing carbon dioxide and supplying oxygen through carbon sequestration. They balance the environment in both time and space. Beyond these services, they provide food, shelter, fruit, and livelihoods. Forestry plays many roles in stabilising nature, but flood and erosion control is one of the most vital.
Forests and their ecosystems stabilise soil and protect it from erosion. The K-P forest department, working with local communities, forest landowners, and other stakeholders, carries out plantation drives twice a year during spring and monsoon seasons.
Major programmes include the Tarbela watershed plantation, social and farm forestry, Kalam integrated forestry, and the Billion and Ten Billion Tree plantation drives. Recently, the Green Pakistan Programme was also launched.
Hundreds of thousands of acres have been planted and protected through natural regeneration. Some of these projects received technical and financial support from the World Bank, WFP, GIZ, KFW, USAID, FAO, Dutch agencies, and UN organisations, while others were locally supported.
The Billion Tree programme was entirely funded by K-P, while the Ten Billion and Green Pakistan initiatives were financed jointly by the provinces and the federation.
Pakistan gained significant recognition for these pioneering projects, particularly the Billion and Ten Billion Tree programmes. They helped the country achieve the Bonn Challenge; restoring 150 million hectares of degraded and deforested land by 2020 and targeting 350 million hectares by 2030. These efforts brought international goodwill and respect for Pakistan’s commitment to forestry.
Despite these achievements, the recent floods in K-P sparked criticism, with some blaming deforestation for the devastation. Most critics, however, are either non-professionals or using the argument for point-scoring.
Monsoon rains have been part of the region’s history for centuries, and the north-eastern parts of K-P regularly receive heavy showers. Flood disasters are not unique to Pakistan, India, China, and other regional countries also face similar challenges.
Forests do reduce the intensity of rainfall by intercepting drops, but steep terrain, surface runoff, and soil saturation often result in flash floods regardless. Trees are living entities with life cycles, and their timber supports many needs at an economically viable age.
Exploitation beyond carrying capacity poses risks, but the forest department is already regulating usage under forestry laws. Importantly, Pakistan also achieved its first carbon credits in the forestry sector for mangrove restoration in Sindh.
If deforestation alone were responsible for floods, then how do we explain Karachi’s crisis? With less than two days of rain, life in the city is paralysed, schools close, offices shut, and people face severe losses. Karachi is flat and barely above sea level, yet devastation is immense.
In contrast, K-P has endured downpours for nearly two weeks. This contrast highlights the real culprits: unplanned infrastructure and obstruction of natural waterways.
Blaming forests or climate change alone oversimplifies the issue. Climate change is indeed a pressing factor, but it is often discussed superficially.
A look back at the Ice Age reveals that CO2 once fell below 190 ppm, with the lowest levels at 182 ppm. Below 150 ppm, most terrestrial plants could not survive. This shows that while global warming beyond tolerable limits is dangerous, some degree of warming is essential for life on Earth. Human responsibility for pushing warming beyond safe thresholds cannot be ignored.
Most natural forests in K-P belong to local communities but are managed by the forest department. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that only 7% of forests are government-owned, while 93% belong to people and communities.
Legal forest categories in K-P include reserved forests, which are government-owned, and protected or Guzara forests, which belong to local people but are managed by the department. Community and private forests also exist.
In the early 1970s, the K-P forest department-initiated tree plantations and soil conservation on private grazing lands in the Tarbela watershed. Agreements with landowners allowed planting of trees and soil conservation to reduce erosion and prolong Tarbela reservoir’s life.
Accusing the forest department alone for deforestation is therefore unjustified, since most forests belong to communities. Still, under law, the department must manage them to protect ecosystems. Property rights, community ownership, and open access make management highly challenging.
Another obstacle is the sheer scale of forest areas, which are open and boundary-less, unlike urban banks that are heavily guarded yet still robbed. Expecting forest staff to control vast, open lands without strong governance structures is unrealistic.
Thus, the issue goes deeper than forestry staff or tree cover. It is about poverty, community rights, and governance. Policymakers must recognise these ground realities.
Strengthening forest protection requires supporting local communities, reducing poverty-driven dependence on forests, and improving management practices. Only then can K-P’s forests be safeguarded while also minimising flood risks.
THE WRITER HOLDS A PHD IN FORESTRY AND IS A CLIMATE CHANGE, FORESTRY, AND ENVIRONMENT EXPERT
Business
Ex-WH Smith finance boss delays Greggs board appointment amid accounting probe

Greggs has delayed the appointment of incoming board director Robert Moorhead due to a review into a major accounting error at his previous firm, WH Smith.
The high street bakery chain said Mr Moorhead – the former finance chief at WH Smith – had asked to delay his appointment until a review by Deloitte into the blunder at WH Smith is completed.
He had been due to start at Greggs on October 1 as an independent non-executive director and chair of the audit committee.
Mr Moorhead left WH Smith in 2024 after more than 20 years at the chain.
The delay to his appointment comes after WH Smith saw nearly £600 million wiped off its stock market value last week when it revealed a review of its finances had discovered trading profits in North America had been overstated by about £30 million.
It warned that annual profits would be lower than expected as a result, sending shares down by more than 40% at one stage during the day.
WH Smith said it had found an issue in how it calculated the amount of supplier income it received – leading it to be recognised too early.
It means the group is now expecting a trading profit for the US of about £25 million for the year to August – a cut from the previous £55 million forecast.
As a result, the company lowered its outlook for annual pre-tax profits to around £110 million.
Greggs said Kate Ferry will remain as a non-executive director and will continue as chair of the audit committee in the interim.
Business
Electric cars eligible for £3,750 discount announced

Pritti MistryBusiness reporter, BBC News

The first electric vehicles (EV) eligible for the £3,750 discount under the government’s grant scheme have been announced.
The Department for Transport confirmed Ford’s Puma Gen-E or e-Tourneo Courier would be discounted as part of plans to encourage drivers to move away from petrol and diesel vehicles.
Under the grant scheme, the discount applies to eligible car models costing up to £37,000, with the most environmentally friendly ones seeing the biggest reductions. Another 26 models have been cleared for discounts of £1,500.
Carmakers can apply for models to be eligible for grants, which are then automatically applied at the point of sale.
More vehicles are expected to be approved in the coming weeks and the DfT said the policy would bring down prices to “closely match their petrol and diesel counterparts”.
The government has pledged to ban the sale of new fully petrol or diesel cars from 2030.
But many drivers cite upfront costs as a key barrier to buying an EV and some have told the BBC that the UK needs more charging points.
According to Ford’s website, the recommended retail price (RRP) for a new Puma Gen-E starts from £29,905 while a petrol equivalent is upward of £26,060. With the reduction applied, buyers would be looking in the region of £26,155 for the EV version.
The grants to lower the cost of EVs will be funded through the £650m scheme, and will be available for three years.
There are around 1.3 million electric cars on Britain’s roads but currently only around 82,000 public charging points.
Full list of EVs eligible for the £1,500 discount
- Citroën ë-C3 and Citroën ë-C3 Aircross
- Citroën ë-C4 and Citroën ë-C4 X
- Citroën ë-C5 Aircross
- Citroën ë-Berlingo
- Cupra Born
- DS DS3
- DS N°4
- Nissan Ariya
- Nissan Micra
- Peugeot E-208
- Peugeot E-2008
- Peugeot E-308
- Peugeot E-408
- Peugeot E-Rifter
- Renault 4
- Renault 5
- Renault Alpine A290
- Renault Megane
- Renault Scenic
- Vauxhall Astra Electric
- Vauxhall Combo Life Electric
- Vauxhall Corsa Electric
- Vauxhall Frontera Electric
- Vauxhall Grandland Electric
- Vauxhall Mokka Electric
- Volkswagen ID.3
The up-front cost of EVs is higher on average than for petrol cars.
According to Autotrader, the average price of a new battery electric car was £49,790 in June 2025, based on manufacturers’ recommended prices for 148 models.
The equivalent for a petrol car was £34,225, but the average covers a broad range of prices.
Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander said the grant scheme was making it “easier and cheaper for families to make the switch to electric”.
Edmund King, president of the AA, said drivers “frequently tell us that the upfront costs of new EVs are a stumbling block to making the switch to electric”.
“It is great to see some of these more substantial £3,750 discounts coming online because for some drivers this might just bridge the financial gap to make these cars affordable.”
Business
Donald Trump tariffs: Why did Nifty50, BSE Sensex tank in trade? Top reasons stock for market fall – The Times of India

Stock market today: Nifty50 and BSE Sensex, the Indian equity benchmark indices, crashed in trade on Thursday, a day after Donald Trump’s 50% tariffs on India came into effect. While Nifty50 closed at 24,500.90, down 211 points, BSE Sensex ended at 80,080.57, down 706 points or 0.87%.The newly imposed tariffs emerged as the main factor affecting market performance, whilst investors simultaneously grappled with additional challenges, including unfavourable global market indicators and continuous withdrawal of foreign investments. These factors collectively intensified the market decline, causing the benchmark indices to fall further.The severe downturn resulted in BSE-listed companies losing Rs 4.14 lakh crore in market capitalisation, bringing the exchange’s total market value down to Rs 445.80 lakh crore.
Why did the stock market fall today? Top reasons
50% US tariffs on IndiaThe new 25% additional tariffs from Washington on Indian goods became effective on Wednesday, creating uncertainty for exporters and overall market sentiment.Dr. V.K. Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist at Geojit Investments, believes these duties will affect equities temporarily but shouldn’t cause widespread concern.“The 50% tariff imposed on India, which has already come into effect, will weigh on market sentiments in the near-term. But the market is unlikely to panic since the market will view these high tariffs as a short-term aberration which will be resolved soon,” Vijayakumar said, noting US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessant’s statement that “at the end of the day India and US will come together.”Additionally, Vijayakumar identified high valuations and poor earnings performance as ongoing issues. He expects export-focused industries to experience short-term difficulties, whilst suggesting investors consider moving towards reasonably priced domestic consumption sectors. He recommends transitioning from volatile small-cap investments to more stable large-cap consumer stocks for better risk management.FII sell-off continuesForeign institutional investors extended their selling momentum for the third consecutive session. Exchange data showed that on August 26, FIIs sold shares valued at over Rs 6,500 crore. Conversely, domestic institutional investors emerged as net buyers, investing Rs 7,060 crore.The selling pattern has affected multiple sectors. In early August, FIIs withdrew approximately Rs 31,900 crore across eight sectors, with financial and technology sectors experiencing the highest outflows. Net equity sales reached Rs 20,976 crore in the first half of the month, following July’s withdrawals and pushing the total outflows for the year to Rs 1.2 trillion.Earlier this month, Jefferies reported that foreign portfolio investor presence in India had reached its lowest level in a decade. Despite consistent domestic inflows providing support, analysts suggest that any market recovery could remain unstable.Dr. V.K. Vijayakumar of Geojit Investments emphasised the importance of domestic institutional support. “The strong pillar of support to the market is the aggressive buying by DIIs flush with funds,” he noted, explaining that domestic investments are helping balance the foreign outflows.Global markets in redAsian markets displayed weakness on Thursday as investors weighed Nvidia’s exceptional earnings against growing worries regarding the company’s business interests in China.The MSCI Asia-Pacific index, excluding Japan, fluctuated throughout the session before declining 0.2%. Similarly, US stock futures declined during extended trading hours, with S&P 500 e-minis dropping 0.2% and Nasdaq futures declining 0.4%. Despite reporting outstanding results, Nvidia’s shares retreated as uncertainties persisted over its Chinese operations amidst ongoing US-China trade tensions.Japanese markets showed volatility following news that Tokyo’s chief trade representative cancelled a planned visit to Washington, postponing discussions about a recently concluded trade agreement. The Nikkei 225 registered a 0.4% increase. In contrast, Hong Kong’s market performance weakened, with the Hang Seng Index recording a 1% decline.Market sentiment further deteriorated following US political developments, as President Donald Trump announced the removal of Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook. This decision raised questions about the central bank’s autonomy, although Cook has indicated her intention to legally contest the dismissal.Technicals show market weaknessTechnical indicators suggest market weakness ahead, although some strategists anticipate a potential short-term recovery.At Geojit Investments, Chief Market Strategist Anand James observed bearish conditions, identifying 24,071-23,860 as target levels. He acknowledged that the sharp 2% drop over four sessions could spark a recovery, with 24,780 and 24,870 acting as resistance points. “Inability to float above 24,630 or clear 24,900 will signal that bears continue to have the upper hand,” he said.(Disclaimer: Recommendations and views on the stock market and other asset classes given by experts are their own. These opinions do not represent the views of The Times of India)
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